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what is fact table

by Laurence Grimes Sr. Published 3 years ago Updated 2 years ago

Introduction to Fact Table and Dimension Table

  • Fact table. It is a table that has values of the attributes of the dimension table. ...
  • Dimension Table. ...
  • Head to Head Comparison Between Fact Table and Dimension Table (Infographics)
  • Key Differences Between Fact Table and Dimension Table. ...
  • Fact Table vs Dimension Table Comparison Table. ...
  • Conclusion. ...
  • Recommended Articles. ...

Full Answer

What are characteristics of fact table?

There are three types of fact tables:

  1. Transaction Fact Table The transaction fact table is a basic approach to operate the businesses. These fact tables represent an event that occurs at the primary point. ...
  2. Snapshot Fact Table The snapshot fact table describes the state of things at a particular time and contains many semi-additive and non-additive facts. ...
  3. Accumulated Fact Sheet

Why defining the grain of a fact table is important?

  • Determine the granularity of the fact table.
  • Determine how to handle multiple separate grains.
  • Determine the type of fact table to use.
  • Check the atomicity of your grains.
  • Determine the high-level dimensions and measures based on your grain definitions.
  • Create a report of your grain definitions.

What are fact tables and dimension tables?

Fact table is defined by their grain or its most atomic level whereas Dimension table should be wordy, descriptive, complete, and quality assured. Fact table helps to store report labels whereas Dimension table contains detailed data.

What are the benefits of a table?

“We’ll have a bunch of tables set up and we’ll just have totes and totes of stuff. We have a storage unit full and we’ll have our backroom full that day and once the backroom runs out of ...

What is a fact table?

A fact table stores quantitative information for analysis and is often denormalized. A fact table works with dimension tables. A fact table holds the data to be analyzed, and a dimension table stores data about the ways in which the data in the fact table can be analyzed.

What is fact table with example?

A fact table is found at the center of a star schema or snowflake schema surrounded by dimension tables. A fact table consists of facts of a particular business process e.g., sales revenue by month by product. Facts are also known as measurements or metrics. A fact table record captures a measurement or a metric.

Why is it called a fact table?

A fact table might contain either detail-level facts or facts that have been aggregated (fact tables that contain aggregated facts are often instead called summary tables).

What is measure in fact table?

Fact table holds the measures data for measuring the performance of your business. Your business might be sales, purchasing, inventory, logistics, banking, telephony data, and many more.

What are the 3 types of fact tables?

These are:Transaction fact tables.Periodic snapshot tables, and.Accumulating snapshot tables.

What are types of fact tables?

There are three types of fact tables and entities: Transaction. A transaction fact table or transaction fact entity records one row per transaction. Periodic.

Is fact table is Normalised?

The fact table is always DE-NORMALIZED.

How many fact tables are there?

There are four types of fact tables: transaction, periodic snapshot, accumulating snapshot and factless fact tables.

What are the advantages of fact table?

Advantages of Fact TableIt contains quantitative information for analysis.It containing performance metrics are usually normalized.It can contain different measures like additive, semi-additive and non-additive.

What is fact in data?

Facts and dimensions are data warehousing terms. A fact is a quantitative piece of information - such as a sale or a download. Facts are stored in fact tables, and have a foreign key relationship with a number of dimension tables. Dimensions are companions to facts, and describe the objects in a fact table.

How do you make a fact table?

To create a Fact table, right click the 'Fact Tables' folder (or one of its sub folders) and select Create New. There are two ways to create a Fact Table. By far the quickest way is to import the Meta Data from a Source System, and then edit as required.

What is a dimension and measure?

Dimensions contain qualitative values (such as names, dates, or geographical data). You can use dimensions to categorize, segment, and reveal the details in your data. Dimensions affect the level of detail in the view. Measures contain numeric, quantitative values that you can measure. Measures can be aggregated.

What is a fact table?

A Fact table in a Data Warehouse system is nothing but the table that contains all the facts or the business information, which can be subjected to analysis and reporting activities when required. These tables hold fields that represent the direct facts, as well as the foreign fields that are used to connect the fact table with other dimension tables in the Data Warehouse system. A Data Warehouse system can have one or more fact tables, depending on the model type used to design the Data Warehouse.

Is a periodic snapshot a transaction fact table?

The periodic snapshot tables are mostly dense and can be large as transaction fact tables. Let us see an example of the periodic snapshot of the sales of the same grocery shop as in the transaction fact table. 3. Accumulating Fact Tables.

How to create a fact table?

Here is an overview of four steps to designing a fact table described by Kimball: 1 Choosing business process to a model – The first step is to decide what business process to model by gathering and understanding business needs and available data 2 Declare the grain – by declaring a grain means describing exactly what a fact table record represents 3 Choose the dimensions – once the grain of the fact table is stated clearly, it is time to determine dimensions for the fact table. 4 Identify facts – identify carefully which facts will appear in the fact table.

What are the different types of measures in a fact table?

Measure types. Fact table can store different types of measures such as additive, non-additive, semi-additive. Additive – As its name implied, additive measures are measures which can be added to all dimensions.

What is a fact table?

In data warehousing, a fact table consists of the measurements, metrics or facts of a business process. It is located at the center of a star schema or a snowflake schema surrounded by dimension tables. Where multiple fact tables are used, these are arranged as a fact constellation schema. A fact table typically has two types of columns: those that contain facts and those that are a foreign key to dimension tables. The primary key of a fact table is usually a composite key that is made up of all of its foreign keys. Fact tables contain the content of the data warehouse and store different types of measures like additive, non additive, and semi additive measures.

What are the different types of fact tables?

Types of fact tables. There are four fundamental measurement events, which characterize all fact tables. Transactional. A transactional table is the most basic and fundamental. The grain associated with a transactional fact table is usually specified as "one row per line in a transaction", e.g., every line on a receipt.

What is an accumulating snapshot table?

An accumulating snapshot table often has multiple date columns, each representing a milestone in the process. Therefore, it's important to have an entry in the associated date dimension that represents an unknown date, as many of the milestone dates are unknown at the time of the creation of the row.

What is the primary key of a fact table?

The primary key of a fact table is usually a composite key that is made up of all of its foreign keys. Fact tables contain the content of the data warehouse and store different types of measures like additive, non additive, and semi additive measures. Fact tables provide the (usually) additive values that act as independent variables by which ...

What is a semi-additive table?

Semi-additive - measures that can be added across some dimensions. A fact table might contain either detail level facts or facts that have been aggregated (fact tables that contain aggregated facts are often instead called summary tables). Special care must be taken when handling ratios and percentage.

What is a fact table?

It is an important concept required for Data Warehousing and BI Certification. A fact table stores quantitative information for analysis and is often denormalized. A fact table works with dimension tables and it holds the data to be analyzed and a dimension table stores data about the ways in which the data can be analyzed.

Why are there multiple rows in a fact table?

A given customer or product is likely linked to multiple rows in the fact table because the customer or product is involved in more than one transaction.

What is a fact table?

Fact tables. Fact tables are tables whose records are immutable "facts", such as service logs and measurement information. Records are progressively appended into the table in a streaming fashion or in large chunks. The records stay there until they're removed because of cost or because they've lost their value.

Why do records stay in fact tables?

The records stay there until they're removed because of cost or because they've lost their value. Records are otherwise never updated. Entity data is sometimes held in fact tables, where the entity data changes slowly.

Is a dimension table a fact table?

Fact tables only process newly ingested data, and dimension tables are used as lookups. As such, the entire table must be taken into account. There's no way to "mark" a table as being a "fact table" or a "dimension table". The way data is ingested into the table, and how the table is used, is what identifies its type.

Where is the fact table located?

Fact table is located at the center of a star or snowflake schema, whereas the Dimension table is located at the edges of the star or snowflake schema. Fact table is defined by their grain or its most atomic level whereas Dimension table should be wordy, descriptive, complete, and quality assured.

What is dimension table?

Dimension table: A dimension table contains dimensions of a fact. They are joined to fact table via a foreign key. Dimension tables are de-normalized tables. The Dimension Attributes are the various columns in a dimension table. Dimensions offers descriptive characteristics of the facts with the help of their attributes.

What is transaction fact table?

Transaction fact tables are easy to understand: a customer or business process does some thing; you want to capture the occurrence of that thing, and so you record a transaction in your data warehouse and you’re good to go.

Why do periodic snapshot tables have a large number of fields?

This is because any reasonably interesting metric may be shoved into the period table.

What is accumulating snapshot table?

Unlike periodic snapshot tables, accumulating snapshot tables are a little harder to explain. To understand why Kimball and his peers came up with this approach, it helps to understand a little about the kinds of questions that were being asked of business in the 90s, which was when the Data Warehouse Toolkit was first written.

What is the difference between a dimension table and a fact table?

Dimension table contains the attributes on that truth table calculates the metric. 2. In fact table, There is less attributes than dimension table.

What is the attribute format of a fact table?

The attribute format of fact table is in numerical format and text format. While the attribute format of dimension table is in text format. 6. It comes after dimension table. While it comes before fact table. 7. The number of fact table is less than dimension table in a schema.

What is a reality table?

A reality or fact table’s record could be a combination of attributes from totally different dimension tables. The Fact Table or Reality Table helps the user to investigate the business dimensions that helps him in call taking to enhance his business.

Characteristics of Fact Table

Image
Below are the characteristics of the fact table: 1. Keys: It has a key or a primary key which is the accumulation of all the primary keys of all dimension tables linked with it. That key is known as a concatenated key that helps to uniquely identify the row. 2. Fact Table Grain: The grainof a table depicts the level of the detail or the depth …
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Types of Fact Table

  • It is categorized under three fundamental measurement events: 1. Transactional 2. Periodic Snapshot 3. Accumulating Snapshots Let us understand this based on the measurement in brief.
See more on educba.com

How Does It Work in A Data Warehouse?

  • It basically represents the metrics related to an event. The meaning of any fact table must be represented by the table name or the composition of the primary key of the table. The most important choice to make is to decide the primary key. A surrogate key can also be created to work as a primary key. If a user does not want to use a surrogate key ...
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Advantages of Fact Table

  1. It contains quantitative information for analysis.
  2. It containing performance metrics are usually normalized.
  3. It can contain different measures like additive, semi-additive and non-additive.
See more on educba.com

Conclusion

  • In this article, we discussed its types, working, and advantages. It is a central part of a star or snowflake schema. It is connected to dimension tables to give the structure of a star or a snowflake.
See more on educba.com

Recommended Article

  • This has been a guide to What is Fact Table? Here we discuss the characteristics and various types of fact tables along with their Advantages. You may also look at the following articles to learn more – 1. What is OSI Model? 2. What are the Features of DOS? 3. What is Usability Testing? 4. Top Advantages of Kimball Methodology
See more on educba.com

An Example of A Fact Table

Image
In the schema below, we have a fact table FACT_SALES that has a grain that gives us the number of units sold by date, by store, and product. All other tables such as DIM_DATE, DIM_STORE and DIM_PRODUCT are dimensions tables. This schema is known as the star schema.
See more on zentut.com

Measure Types

  • A fact table can store different types of measures such as additive, non-additive, semi-additive. 1. Additive– As its name implied, additive measures are measures that can be added to all dimensions. 2. Non-additive– different from additive measures, non-additive measures are measures that cannot be added to all dimensions. 3. Semi-additive– semi-additive measures ar…
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Types of Fact Tables

  • All fact tables are categorized by the three most basic measurement events: 1. Transactional– Transactional fact table is the most basic one that each grain associated with it indicated as “one row per line in a transaction”, e.g., every line item appears on an invoice. Transaction fact table stores data of the most detailed level, therefore, it ha...
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Designing Fact Table Steps

  • Here is an overview of four steps to designing a fact table described by Kimball: 1. Choosing business process to a model– The first step is to decide what business process to model by gathering and understanding business needs and available data 2. Declare the grain– by declaring a grain means describing exactly what a fact table record represents 3. Choose the dimensions…
See more on zentut.com

Fact Table Types

  • There are several ways to build, structure or measure a fact table: 1. Table of transactional facts: Its function and utility lies in the representation of any change in a situation of any type. 2. Periodic view : Also known as quick view. This focuses on a point of vision at a certain moment or moment. 3. Table of accumulated facts: It is used to ...
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How Does A Fact Table Work in Data Storage?

  • Knowing that it is a topic that concerns the database area, it is notable and important to know that a fact table marks or represents a specific fact. It is important to know and assign a primary key, and a substitute key can also be created.
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Layout of A Fact Table

  • Like many things, to create and design a fact table you need a series of steps to follow, among which are: 1. Take or select a specific process 2. Declare the goal to be achieved 3. Choose all the dimensions that are necessary 4. Take into account the facts
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Advantages of A Fact Table

  • Making use of a fact table entails a series of advantages that will be named: 1. Performance measures are usually normalized 2. It has quantitative data inside that is good and effective for an analysis 3. There is the possibility that they have several different measures such as non-additive, semi-additive and additive.
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Additive Measures in A Fact Table

  • Within the management of a fact table itself, it is important to emphasize that, although it admits several types of measures, the most useful are the additive ones. The latter refer to the fact that they can be added, such as the number of products sold or the profit obtained from sales. Similarly, it is important to clarify that fact tables normally handle numerical values, with integer…
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Types of Facts

  • Within all the conglomerate that surrounds the fact tables, it is important to highlight that there are two types of facts: 1. Basic facts: They are the primary ones, being also those that are represented by a field within the table itself. 2. Derived facts: They are the following to the basic facts, and it is that these come out of the combination of one or more basic facts. Said union is …
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Overview

In data warehousing, a fact table consists of the measurements, metrics or facts of a business process. It is located at the center of a star schema or a snowflake schema surrounded by dimension tables. Where multiple fact tables are used, these are arranged as a fact constellation schema. A fact table typically has two types of columns: those that contain facts and those that are a foreign key to di…

Example

If the business process is sales, then the corresponding fact table will typically contain columns representing both raw facts and aggregations in rows such as:
• $12,000, being "sales for New York store for 15-Jan-2005".
• $34,000, being "sales for Los Angeles store for 15-Jan-2005"

Measure types

• Additive - measures that can be added across any dimension.
• Non-additive - measures that cannot be added across any dimension.
• Semi-additive - measures that can be added across some dimensions.

Types of fact tables

There are four fundamental measurement events, which characterize all fact tables.
Transactional A transactional table is the most basic and fundamental. The grain associated with a transactional fact table is usually specified as "one row per line in a transaction", e.g., every line on a receipt. Typically a transactional fact table holds data of the most detailed level, causing it to have a great number of dimensions associated with it. Periodic snapshots The periodic snapsho…

Steps in designing a fact table

• Identify a business process for analysis (like sales).
• Identify measures of facts (sales dollar), by asking questions like 'what number of X are relevant for the business process?', replacing the X with various options that make sense within the context of the business.
• Identify dimensions for facts (product dimension, location dimension, time dimension, organization dimension), by asking questions that make sense within the context of the …

• Identify a business process for analysis (like sales).
• Identify measures of facts (sales dollar), by asking questions like 'what number of X are relevant for the business process?', replacing the X with various options that make sense within the context of the business.
• Identify dimensions for facts (product dimension, location dimension, time dimension, organization dimension), by asking questions that make sense within the context of the business, like 'analyze by X', where X is repla…

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        25
        bing_tab_faq_answers
        26
        google_faq_questions
        27
        google_faq_answers
        28
        google_rich_snippet
        29
        google_search_result
        30
        indexedArray
        31
        total_images
        32
        total_videos
        33
        settings
        34
        url_current
        35
        menus
        36
        sidebar
        37
        i
        38
        __currentLoopData
        39
        loop
        40
        item
      • themes.DevBlog.panels.scripts (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/scripts.blade.php)41blade
        Params
        0
        __env
        1
        app
        2
        errors
        3
        post
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        5
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        7
        bing_rich_snippet_text
        8
        bing_rich_snippet_link
        9
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        10
        google_related_keywords
        11
        bing_news_title
        12
        bing_news_description
        13
        bing_videos
        14
        bing_images
        15
        bing_search_result_title
        16
        bing_search_result_description
        17
        bing_search_result_url
        18
        bing_paa_questions
        19
        bing_paa_answers
        20
        bing_slider_faq_questions
        21
        bing_slider_faq_answers
        22
        bing_pop_faq_questions
        23
        bing_pop_faq_answers
        24
        bing_tab_faq_questions
        25
        bing_tab_faq_answers
        26
        google_faq_questions
        27
        google_faq_answers
        28
        google_rich_snippet
        29
        google_search_result
        30
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        31
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        total_videos
        33
        settings
        34
        url_current
        35
        menus
        36
        sidebar
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        i
        38
        __currentLoopData
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        loop
        40
        item
      uri
      GET {post}
      middleware
      web, checkdate
      as
      post.show
      controller
      App\Http\Controllers\Frontend\json_data\PostController@show
      namespace
      where
      file
      app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/json_data/PostController.php:18-166
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      receivinghelpdeskask
      • select * from `posts` where `published_at` <= '2025-06-23 14:11:13' and `slug` = 'what-is-fact-table' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        2.52ms/app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54receivinghelpdeskask
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2025-06-23 14:11:13
        • 1. what-is-fact-table
        Backtrace
        • 15. /app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:842
        • 19. Route binding:39
        • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:78
      • select * from `json_post_contents` where `json_post_contents`.`post_id` = 64945 and `json_post_contents`.`post_id` is not null and `rewrite_id` = 0
        4.76msmiddleware::checkdate:30receivinghelpdeskask
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 64945
        • 1. 0
        Backtrace
        • 19. middleware::checkdate:30
        • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/jetstream/src/Http/Middleware/ShareInertiaData.php:61
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • select * from `nova_menu_menus` where `slug` = 'header' limit 1
        810μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32receivinghelpdeskask
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. header
        Backtrace
        • 15. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
        • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` = 1 and `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` is not null and `parent_id` is null order by `parent_id` asc, `order` asc, `name` asc
        390μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        Backtrace
        • 19. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
        • 20. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
      • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`parent_id` in (1) order by `order` asc
        340μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 24. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
        • 25. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
        • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
      • select `id`, `post_title`, `slug` from `posts` where `status` = 'publish' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 10
        1.19s/app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22receivinghelpdeskask
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. publish
        Backtrace
        • 14. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22
        • 15. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:12
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162
        • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177
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        1.88msview::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15receivinghelpdeskask
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 31037
        Backtrace
        • 21. view::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:108
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 25. /vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
        • 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:61
      App\Models\FakeUser
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      Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\MenuItem
      1
      Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\Menu
      1
      App\Models\JsonPostContent
      1
      App\Models\Post
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          PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
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          status_text
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