What is exigence and constraints?
A rhetorical audience consists only of those persons who are capable of being influenced by discourse and of being mediators of change.” In other words, the exigence is the change you want made. The audience is a person or group who can make that change. Constraints are the rules of the situation.
What is the difference between constraints and audiences?
The audience is a person or group who can make that change. Constraints are the rules of the situation. Some are created by the situation — the beliefs of the audience, evidence available, time limits, deadlines, atmosphere of the environment.
Is exhibiting exigence the only component of a rhetorical situation?
Exigence is not the only component of a rhetorical situation. The rhetor also must consider the audience being addressed and constraints that would present obstacles.
What is the meaning of exigence?
In rhetoric, exigence is an issue, problem, or situation that causes or prompts someone to write or speak. "In every rhetorical situation," said Bitzer, "there will be at least one controlling exigence which functions as the organizing principle: it specifies the audience to be addressed and the change to be affected."
What is an example of an Exigence?
Examples of exigence: A congressman delivers a speech arguing that we need stricter gun control. The exigence is that the congressman believes stricter gun control will lead to less gun violence.
What is a constraint in rhetoric?
Constraints: the limitations within which the rhetor must work; these limitations can be related to the genre, medium, register, audience, or the situation itself, among other things.
What are constraints in writing?
Constrained writing is a literary technique in which the writer is bound by some condition that forbids certain things or imposes a pattern. Constraints are very common in poetry, which often requires the writer to use a particular verse form.
What is an exigence?
exigent state or character; urgency. Usually exigencies . the need, demand, or requirement intrinsic to a circumstance, condition, etc.: the exigencies of city life. a case or situation that demands prompt action or remedy; emergency: He promised help in any exigency.
What does audience mean in rhetoric?
In rhetoric and composition, audience (from the Latin—audire: hear), refers to the listeners or spectators at a speech or performance, or the intended readership for a piece of writing.
What is an example of a constraint?
An example of a constraint is the fact that there are only so many hours in a day to accomplish things. Embarrassed reserve or reticence; awkwardness. One that restricts, limits, or regulates; a check.
What is Exigence in AP Lang?
(Skill 1.A ONLY) The exigence is the part of a rhetorical situation that inspires, stimulates, provokes, or prompts writers to create a text.
What are the 3 major constraints that should be considered when writing?
“The triple constraint has traditionally been understood as the three primary factors that constrain a project: scope, cost, and time.”
What is a constraint types of constraints?
There are five types of constraints: A NOT NULL constraint is a rule that prevents null values from being entered into one or more columns within a table. A unique constraint (also referred to as a unique key constraint) is a rule that forbids duplicate values in one or more columns within a table.
What is an author's Exigence?
Exigence is a rhetorical concept that can help writers and readers think about why texts exist. You can use the concept to analyze what others' texts are responding to and to more effectively identify the reasons why you might produce your own.
Why is Exigence important in writing?
Understanding the exigence is important because it helps you begin to discover the purpose of the rhetoric. It helps you understand what the discourse is trying to accomplish. Another part of the rhetorical context is audience, those who are the (intended or unintended) recipients of the rhetorical message.
Why are constraints important in rhetorical situations?
In "The Rhetorical Situation," Lloyd Bitzer notes that rhetorical constraints are "made up of persons, events, objects, and relations which are part of the [rhetorical] situation because they have the power to constrain decision or action." Sources of constraint include "beliefs, attitudes, documents, facts, tradition, ...
What is an exigence?
In other words, an exigence is a pressing problem in the world, something to which people must attend. The exigence functions as the 'ongoing principle' of a situation; the situation develops around its 'controlling exigence' (p. 7). But not every problem is a rhetorical exigence, Bitzer explained. "An exigence which cannot be modified is not ...
What is exigence in rhetoric?
Richard Nordquist. Updated July 16, 2019. In rhetoric, exigence is an issue, problem, or situation that causes or prompts someone to write or speak. The term exigence comes from the Latin word for "demand.". It was popularized in rhetorical studies by Lloyd Bitzer in "The Rhetorical Situation" ("Philosophy and Rhetoric," 1968).
What is exigence in social theory?
It cannot be broken into two components without destroying it as a rhetorical and social phenomenon. Exigence is a form of social knowledge —a mutual construing of objects, events, interest, and purposes that not only links them but makes them what they are: an objectified social need. This is quite different from [Lloyd] Bitzer's characterization of exigence as a defect (1968) or a danger (1980). Conversely, although exigence provides the rhetor with a sense of rhetorical purpose, it is clearly not the same as the rhetor's intention, for that can be ill-formed, dissembling, or at odds with what the situation conventionally supports. The exigence provides the rhetor with a socially recognizable way to make his or her intentions known. It provides an occasion, and thus a form, for making public our private versions of things." (Carolyn R. Miller, "Genre as Social Action," 1984. Rpt. in "Genre In the New Rhetoric ," ed. by Freedman, Aviva, and Medway, Peter. Taylor & Francis, 1994)
What is rhetorical exigence?
In other words, says Cheryl Glenn, a rhetorical exigence is "a problem that can be resolved or changed by discourse (or language)... All successful rhetoric (whether verbal or visual) is an authentic response to an exigence, a real reason to send a message.". ("The Harbrace Guide to Writing," 2009)
What does exigence mean in writing?
"Exigence has to do with what prompts the author to write in the first place, a sense of urgency , a problem that requires attention right now, a need that must be met, a concept that must be understood before the audience can move to a next step." (M. Jimmie Killingsworth, "Appeals in Modern Rhetoric." Southern Illinois University Press, 2005)#N#"An exigence may be something as direct and intense as a power outage, which might prompt an official to persuade everyone to 'stay calm' or to 'assist those in need.' An exigence may be more subtle or complex, like the discovery of a new virus, which might prompt medical officials to persuade the public how to change its behavior. Exigence is part of a situation. It is the critical component that makes people ask the hard questions: What is it? What caused it? What good is it? What are we going to do? What happened? What is going to happen?" (John Mauk and John Metz "Inventing Arguments," 4th ed. Cengage, 2016)
Is a hurricane a rhetorical exigence?
A hurricane is an example of a non-rhetorical exigence. Regardless of how hard we try, no amount of rhetoric or human effort can prevent or alter the path of a hurricane (at least with today's technology). However, the aftermath of a hurricane pushes us in the direction of a rhetorical exigence.
Is exigence the same as rhetor?
Conversely, although exigence provides the rhetor with a sense of rhetorical purpose, it is clearly not the same as the rhetor's intention, for that can be ill-formed, dissembling, or at odds with what the situation conventionally supports.
Exigence
Whenever we wish to persuade an audience to take action or change their beliefs, we must first have a clear definition of the problem we would like them to address. This problem is what is known as exigence.
Audience
The goal of rhetorical discourse is to “produce change by influencing the decision and action of persons who function as mediators of change” (Bitzer, 2009, p. 20). Obviously, we can’t do that without an audience.
Constraints
Obliviously, all this talk about convincing others to take action comes with some limits. These limits are what Bitzer (2009) calls constraints. A constraint is anything that can make it difficult for your message to be received. Sources of constraints include, but are not limited to:
Chapter Quiz
is purposeful communication that aims to create change in the world by allowing a persuade an audience to change their beliefs or solve problems.
