D50, D-50 or D 50 may refer to:
- D50 (radiotherapy), the half maximal inhibitory dose, representing the dose of light or ionising radiation that is required for 50% inactivation of a tumor cell population
- the ICD-10 code for Iron deficiency anemia
- An intravenous sugar solution of 50% dextrose
What does D50 mean in chemistry?
For example, if D50=5.8 um, then 50% of the particles in the sample are larger than 5.8 um, and 50% smaller than 5.8 um. D50 is usually used to represent the particle size of group of particles.
What is the effect of taking D50 with glucose solution?
Such a concentrated glucose solution can potentially suppress our the body’s normal way of mobilizing stored glucose (gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis) such that when D50 is withdrawn, a “rebound hypoglycemia” effect can ensue.
Is it possible D50 value is less than D10?
Is it possible d50 value is less than d10, if so what could be the reason? D50 is cumulative data, 50 means upto 50% percent of the total particles.If D50=5um, it means 50% of particles smaller than 5um and 50% bigger than 5um.
What is the half life of D50 in humans?
The half-life of D50 varies, averaging 30 minutes in healthy adults, although this is likely to be variable in patients with hypoglycemia.1 Elevations in serum glucose can vary, with a range of 37—370 in one human trial using a cohort with altered mental status presenting to the emergency department (ED).
What does a solution of D50 represent?
50% Dextrose (D50)
What is dextrose 50 in water used for?
50% Dextrose Injection is indicated in the treatment of insulin hypoglycemia (hyperinsulinemia or insulin shock) to restore blood glucose levels.
What does the in 50 dextrose mean?
50% Dextrose Injection, USP is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, hypertonic solution of dextrose in water for injection for intravenous injection as a fluid and nutrient replenisher. Each mL of fluid contains 0.5 g dextrose, hydrous which delivers 3.4 kcal/gram.
What is D50 in medicine?
Hypertonic dextrose (D50) is commonly administered in the ED both for the routine treatment of patients with symptomatic hypoglycemia and for the empiric treatment of patients with altered mental status. The risks and benefits of empiric therapy with D50 have been evaluated extensively.
When should D50 be administered?
Vials or pre-drawn syringes of 15 ml D50 should be immediately available to treat any BG <70 mg/dl in the situation where insulin is being given intravenously in order to prevent severe hypoglycemia and associated encephalopathy.
What is the difference between D5 and D50?
Nikon D5 has a 21.0MP Full frame (35.8 x 23.9 mm ) sized CMOS sensor and features Expeed 5 processor. On the other hand, Nikon D50 has a 6.0MP APS-C (23.7 x 15.5 mm ) sized CCD sensor . Nikon D5's sensor provides 15MP more than Nikon D50's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life.
What is D50 injection?
Diphenhydramine injection is an antihistamine used to treat life-threatening allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) along with epinephrine and other treatments. It is also used to relieve symptoms of household allergies, hay fever and the common cold when medication cannot be given by mouth.
How do you administer D50 IV?
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What is 50 glucose used for?
Glucose 50% is used to treat low blood sugar levels. It may also be: added to intravenous solutions as a source of calories for patients unable to consume food. used to treat pressure on the brain and spinal chord and/or swelling of the body caused from consuming too much alcohol.
What is D50 for hypoglycemia?
“An amp of D50” – 25 grams of glucose in a 50 mlprefilled syringe (50% glucose) – is, and has been since at least the middle of the last century, a standard parenteral treatment by U.S. emergency physicians for significant hypoglycemia. An amp of D50 provides five times the amount of glucose in a normal adult's blood.
What is dextrose saline used for?
Dextrose saline solution is used as a source of water, electrolytes and calories for hydration and energy. Dextrose provides a source of calories and energy. Dextrose is readily absorbed, helps in decreasing the nitrogen and body protein losses, and stimulates glycogen deposition and help in preventing ketosis.
How much will D50 raise blood glucose?
D50 may overshoot glycemic targets (on average the administration of 50mL of D50 (25g of dextrose) increases blood glucose to approximately 160mg/dL10), which has been shown to be detrimental in the critically ill population.
What is the difference between D50 and D10?
D10 is also cumulated data, 10 means upto 10% percent of the total particles. If D10=3um, it means 10% of particles smaller than 3um.
What is the Dn50?
Dn50 is known as number median , it physically represents that each number of particles greater or smaller than such value takes account of 50% of the total particles number. When we speak size, we mean size of a single particle; when we say particle size distribution, we mean size distribution of particle system.
What does D10 mean?
If D10=3um, it means 10% of particles smaller than 3um. As you know we show particle size from smaller to bigger, from 0 to 3um, 3um to 5um, then bigger and bigger.As a result the D50 value is always bigger than D10.
What is Dv50 in particle size?
Dv50 is also known as volume median or volume average particle size, it physically represents that each volume of particles greater or smaller than such value takes account of 50% of the total particles volume.
How much dextrose is in D50?
Commercially prepared D50 is typically 25 g of dextrose monohydrate in 50 mL of water without preservatives. It’s a hypertonic solution with an osmolarity of approximately 2,525 mOsm/L and a pH between 3.5 and 6.5.
How long does D50 last?
The half-life of D50 varies, averaging 30 minutes in healthy adults, although this is likely to be variable in patients with hypoglycemia.1 Elevations in serum glucose can vary, with a range of 37—370 in one human trial using a cohort with altered mental status presenting to the emergency department (ED). (1)
What is dextrose used for?
They’re commonly administered in the prehospital arena, primarily for the indication of all-cause hypoglycemia, and a bolus of dextrose often has rapid and impressive results. Other indications for the administration of dextrose include hyperkalemia, oral hypoglycemic agent overdose and, ...
What is hypertonic dextrose?
Dextrose & Energy. Dextrose is the primary carbohydrate used by cells for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main source of energy in the body.
How much dextrose should a neonate take?
Neonates (birth to one month) can receive 2-4 mL/kg of 10% dextrose. Children less than eight years old can receive 5 mg/kg of 25% dextrose; adolescents and adults typically receive 0.5 g/kg of 50% dextrose (D50). (14) In practice, most adolescents and adults receive the full 50 g dose, regardless of actual weight.
Is 10% dextrose safe?
In contrast, 10% dextrose has an os molarity of 506 mOsm/L and is within the range of safer peripheral administration. Glucagon, an alternative to IV dextrose, is administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly and carries little risk of tissue injury.
Is dextrose a prehospital drug?
Although dextrose administration is a vital component of prehospital pharmacology, prolonged hypoglycemia can result in significant morbidity and even death. The method of administration and doses currently used in the prehospital setting are not without risk.
What are the reactions that may occur because of the solution or the technique of administration?
Reactions which may occur because of the solution or the technique of administration include febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation and hypervolemia.
How much dextrose can be infused without producing glycosuria?
The maximum rate at which dextrose can be infused without producing glycosuria is 0.5 g/kg of body weight/hour. About 95% of the dextrose is retained when infused at a rate of 0.8 g/kg/hr. In insulin-induced hypoglycemia, intravenous injection of 10 to 25 grams of dextrose (20 to 50 mL of 50% dextrose) is usually adequate.
Does dextrose help with hypoglycemia?
When administered intravenously this solution restores blood glucose levels in hypoglycemia and provides a source of carbohydrate calories. Carbohydrate in the form of dextrose may aid in minimizing liver glycogen depletion and exerts a protein-sparing action. Dextrose injection undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide and water.
Can dextrose cause electrolyte imbalance?
Electrolyte deficits, particularly in serum potassium and phosphate, may occur during prolonged use of concentrated dextrose solutions. Blood electrolyte monitoring is essential and fluid and electrolyte imbalances should be corrected. Essential vitamins and minerals also should be provided as needed.
Can dextrose be administered subcutaneously?
Concentrated dextrose solutions should not be administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility: Studies with solutions in polypropylene syringes have not been performed to evaluate carcinogenic potential, mutagenic potential or effects on fertility.
Can you give 50% dextrose injection to nursing mothers?
Nursing Mothers. It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when 50% Dextrose Injection, USP is administered to a nursing mother.
What is the bioavailability of dextrose?
Bioavailability: Rapidly absorbed. Metabolism: dextrose (the monosaccharide glucose) is used, distributed and stored by body tissues and is metabolized to carbon dioxide and water with the release of energy. Metabolites: Carbon dioxide and water. Onset of action: 10 min (hypglycemia)
Can dextrose be administered in the vein?
Except in the emergency treatment of severe hypoglycemia, higher concentrations of dextrose injections (e.g., 20% and higher) should be administered via central veins and only after appropriate dilution.
Is dextrose injection toxic?
Monitor glucose levels and for possible hyperglycemia when treating pediatric patients. Dextrose injection contains aluminum that may be toxic; patients with impaired renal function, and preterm infants, at higher risk;. limit aluminum to <4 mcg/kg/day.
How long does dextrose solution last?
In addition, dextrose solutions are typical recommended for short term use only. So maybe 1-2 days, max. If a patient needs dextrose longer than that for energy, then they will likely be switched to Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) to ensure that all nutritional needs are met, not just glucose.
Why do we need dextrose after surgery?
The body is under a lot of stress during surgery and immediately after, which means metabolic needs can increase! That’s why dextrose solutions can sometimes be given in the operating room or shortly post-op in order to help support the body’s energy needs before they are ready to eat normally.
Is dextrose hypotonic or hypertonic?
In either case, the remaining fluids are hypotonic and would begin acting that way in the intravascular space. On the other hand, most of the other dextrose solutions are considered hypertonic ...
Does dextrose go down a level?
One way to think about it is like this: whatever tonicity the dextrose solution is when it’s in the IV bag, it will “go down a level” once it has been administered and the dextrose has been used by the body.
Is dextrose the same as glucose?
Dextrose is chemically identical to glucose, but it is made from corn. Your body can use it the same way that it would use glucose. In fact, if you’re reading a nutrition label on your packaged food and see “dextrose” listed as an ingredient, then you know that there’s added sugar in that food.
Can you use dextrose in normal saline?
5% Dextrose in Normal Saline might be a good choice in this situation because the dextrose will quickly reverse the hypoglycemia, and the patient will be left with the isotonic normal saline that won’t significantly impact blood volume one way or another.
What are some examples of nutrient solutions?
Water is supplied for fluid requirements and carbohydrate for calories and energy. Nutrient solutions are useful in preventing dehydration and ketosis. Examples of nutrient solutions include D5W, D5NSS.
What is the best solution for hypotonic IV?
Another hypotonic IV solution commonly used is 2.5% dextrose in water (D2.5W). This solution is used to treat dehydration and decreased the levels of sodium and potassium. It should not be administered with blood products as it can cause hemolysis of red blood cells.
What is sodium chloride 0.45%?
Sodium chloride 0.45% (1/2 NS), also known as half-strength normal saline, is a hypotonic IV solution used for replacing water in patients who have hypovolemia with hypernatremia. Excess use may lead to hyponatremia due to the dilution of sodium, especially in patients who are prone to water retention.
What is ringer's solution?
Lactated Ringer’s Solution (also known as Ringer’s Lactate or Hartmann solution) is a crystalloid isotonic IV fluid designed to be the near-physiological solution of balanced electrolytes. It contains 130 mEq/L of sodium, 4 mEq/L of potassium, 3 mEq/L of calcium, and 109 mEq/L of chloride.
What is 0.225% sodium chloride?
0.225% Sodium Chloride Solution is often used as a maintenance fluid for pediatric patients as it is the most hypotonic IV fluid available at 77 mOsm/L. Used together with dextrose.
Why are colloids important?
They are useful for expanding the intravascular volume and raising blood pressure. Colloids are indicated for patients in malnourished states and patients who cannot tolerate large infusions of fluid. Colloid IV Fluids and Solutions Cheat Sheet.
Is dextrose a hypertonic solution?
Isotonic solutions that contain 5% dextrose (e.g., D5NSS, D5LRS) are slightly hypertonic since they exceed the total osmolality of the ECF. However, dextrose is quickly metabolized and only the isotonic solution remains. Therefore, any effect on the ICF is temporary. Hypertonic dextrose solutions are used to provide kilocalories for the patient in the short term. Higher concentrations of dextrose (i.e., D50W) are strong hypertonic solutions and must be administered into central veins so that they can be diluted by rapid blood flow.
Descprition
Clinical Pharmacolgy
- When administered intravenously this solution restores blood glucose levels in hypoglycemia and provides a source of carbohydrate calories. Carbohydrate in the form of dextrose may aid in minimizing liver glycogen depletion and exerts a protein-sparing action. Dextrose injection undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide and water. Water is an essential constituent of all body ti…
Indications and Usage
- 50% Dextrose Injection is indicated in the treatment of insulin hypoglycemia (hyperinsulinemia or insulin shock) to restore blood glucose levels. The solution is also indicated, after dilution, for intravenous infusion as a source of carbohydrate calories in patients whose oral intake is restricted or inadequate to maintain nutritional requirements...
Contraindications
- A concentrated dextrose solution should not be used when intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage is present, nor in the presence of delirium tremens if the patient is already dehydrated. Dextrose injection without electrolytes should not be administered simultaneously with blood through the same infusion set because of the possibility that pseudoagglutination of red cells may occur.
Warnings
- 50% Dextrose Injection is hypertonic and may cause phlebitis and thrombosis at the site of injection. Significant hyperglycemia and possible hyperosmolar syndrome may result from too rapid administration. The physician should be aware of the symptoms of hyperosmolar syndrome, such as mental confusion and loss of consciousness, especially in patients with chronic uremia …
Precautions
- Do not use unless the solution is clear and seal is intact. Discard unused portion. Electrolyte deficits, particularly in serum potassium and phosphate, may occur during prolonged use of concentrated dextrose solutions. Blood electrolyte monitoring is essential and fluid and electrolyte imbalances should be corrected. Essential vitamins and minerals also should be prov…
Adverse Reactions
- Hyperosmolar syndrome, resulting from excessively rapid administration of concentrated dextrose may cause mental confusion and/or loss of consciousness. Reactions which may occur because of the solution or the technique of administration include febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravas…
Overdosage
- In the event of overhydration or solute overload during therapy, re-evaluate the patient and institute appropriate corrective measures. See WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS.
Dosage and Administration
- For peripheral vein administration: Injection of the solution should be made slowly. The maximum rate at which dextrose can be infused without producing glycosuria is 0.5 g/kg of body weight/hour. About 95% of the dextrose is retained when infused ata rate of 0.8 g/kg/hr. In insulin-induced hypoglycemia, intravenous injection of 10 to 25 grams of dextrose (20 to 50 mL of 50% …
How Supplied
- 50% Dextrose Injection, USP is supplied in single-dose containers as follows: Exposure of pharmaceutical products to heat should be minimized. Avoid excessive heat. Protect from freezing. Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.] Abboject® is a trademark of the Abbott group of companies. LifeShield® is the trademark of ICU Medical, Inc…