Shakes in Timber
- Cup shakes are formed due to the non-uniform growth of a tree or excessive bending by cyclones or winds. ...
- Heart shakes, the other type of shakes which develop in maturity approaching trees whose inner part is under shrinkage. ...
- Ring shakes are similar to cup shakes, but they completely separate the annual rings.
What is a cup shake in a tree?
A cup or ring shake follows the line of annual rings. The separation of the rings is generally caused during the growth of the tree, either by a check in the growth, or by bending and twisting under high winds. Thunder shake or upset Thunder shake is across the grain, and hard to detect until the boards are being planed.
What is a timber shake?
Shakes (timber) Shakes are cracks in timber. Arising in cut timber they generally cause a reduction in strength. When found in a log they can result in a significant amount of waste, when a log is converted to lumber. Apart from heart shakes, often found in trees felled past their best, shakes in a log have no effect on the strength...
What is a through shake in woodwork?
Shakes. Shakes are a defined lengthwise separation of the wood along the grain, usually occurring between or through the rings of annual growth. A surface shake occurs on only one surface, while a through shake extends from one side to the opposite or adjoining side of the piece. Shakes are natural occurring defects in standing trees caused by ...
Do wood shakes affect the strength of shake free lumber?
Apart from heart shakes, often found in trees felled past their best, shakes in a log have no effect on the strength of shake free lumber obtained therefrom. They are often seen in oak-framed buildings, which are constructed of oak which has not been dried and thus cracks while drying.
What are cup shakes?
cup shake (plural cup shakes) A shake or fissure between the annual rings of a tree, most often found near the roots.
What causes cup shakes in timber?
Shakes in Timber Cup shakes are formed due to the non-uniform growth of a tree or excessive bending by cyclones or winds. In this case, the shakes develop between annual rings and separate them partly.
What are shakes in wood?
Wood shake refers to wood roofing material that is created by splitting thin rectangles from a wooden log. There are two types of wood roofing materials – wood shake and wood shingles. Wood shingles are sawn on both sides and are thinner at the butt end when compared to a wood shake.
What is star shake in timber?
Star Shakes: This type of shake starts propagating from the bark towards the sapwood and sometimes even towards the heartwood along the lines of medullary rays. Cracks are wider on the outer edge or bark and narrower on the inside (usually sapwood, sometimes heartwood).
What causes shake in logs?
The cause is often rapid or uneven seasoning, causing the outside of the log to shrink faster than the heart. Exposure to the elements can cause star shakes, as can frost during the growth of the tree.
How do you fix timber shakes?
Blow, or vacuum out the dust. Directly inject Thixotropic Epoxy Injection resin from the cartridge into the hole, until the resin flows from the adjacent hole. Continue until all the holes have been injected and cap off each with Mouldable Epoxy Putty. Sand off any excess Putty and colour finish to suit the timber.
What is shake in a tree?
A: Shake, also called wind shake and ring shake, is a separation or crack within the wood that runs parallel to the rings, rather than across the rings like a typical end crack or honeycomb.
How many types of shakes are found in timber?
Shakes in Timber. These are cracks and splits found in felled trees due to many causes. Different kinds of shakes are identified such as cup shake, heart shake, star shake, etc. Heart shakes occurs in over- matured trees with more width at the centre and diminishes towards the edge.
What is the difference between shakes and shingles?
The process results in a shingle that is tapered on all sides. So in terms of appearance differences, wood shakes are thicker than shingles. And since a shake is split, it follows the grain more closely than a shingle, which has some cross graining. Wood shakes also have uneven surfaces, while shingles are smooth.
What is star shake?
: a check in timber beginning near the heart and extending toward the surface in radial cracks or fissures. — called also star check.
How many types of shakes are found in timber?
Shakes in Timber. These are cracks and splits found in felled trees due to many causes. Different kinds of shakes are identified such as cup shake, heart shake, star shake, etc. Heart shakes occurs in over- matured trees with more width at the centre and diminishes towards the edge.
What is shake in a tree?
A: Shake, also called wind shake and ring shake, is a separation or crack within the wood that runs parallel to the rings, rather than across the rings like a typical end crack or honeycomb.
What causes defects in timber?
Various causes are suggested, such as felling across obstructions, and failure inside the growing tree caused by high winds, growth stresses, etc. ls also known as Felling Shakes, Thunder, Rupture, Lightning, and Transverse Shakes, Upsets, Cross Breaks, or Cross Fractures.
What are the natural defects in timber?
Types of wood defects: NaturalWind cracks. As the name suggests, wind cracks in timber refer to wood that's been exposed to strong wind. ... Shakes. Shakes are another form of cracks in timber, which cause the wood fibres to separate. ... Ring galls. ... Chemical stain. ... Knots. ... Coarse grain. ... Dry rot. ... Wet rot.More items...
Defects in Timber due to Natural Forces
Dead knots: The remains of damaged branches after drying out they become loose and fall out.
Defects of Timber due to Attack by Insects
Insects like beetles, termites or marine boars eat wood, make holes and weaken the strength of the wood.
Defects in Timber due to Attack by Fungi
Stain: When fungi feed only on sapwood, where the food materials are stored, it causes a stain. Heartwood doesn’t contain these kinds of food materials and is not affected by it. Stain action causes color but does not affect the strength of the wood.
Defect in Timber due to Defective Seasoning
Faulty method of seasoning causes serious defects in woods. During seasoning of timber, exterior or surface layer of the timber dries before the interior surface. So, stress is developed due to the difference in shrinkage. In a perfect seasoning process, stress is kept minimum by controlling the shrinkage.
Defects of Timber due to Defective Conversion
Boxed Heart: This term is applied to the timber, which is sawn in a way that the pith or the center heart falls entirely within the surface throughout its length.
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Overview
Shakes are cracks in timber. Arising in cut timber they generally cause a reduction in strength. When found in a log they can result in a significant amount of waste, when a log is converted to lumber. Apart from heart shakes, often found in trees felled past their best, shakes in a log have no effect on the strength of shake free lumber obtained therefrom.
They are often seen in oak-framed buildings, which are constructed of oak which has not been d…
Heart shake
Heart shake is a crack in the heartwood, near the centre of the tree. It is caused by poor seasoning, or by using trees felled past maturity.
Star shake
A crack or cracks propagating from near the edge of the log towards the centre, usually along the line of the medullary rays, causing the wood to shrink more at right angles to the medullary rays than along them, causing warping of anything made from the wood. The cause is often rapid or uneven seasoning, causing the outside of the log to shrink faster than the heart. Exposure to the elements can cause star shakes, as can frost during the growth of the tree.
Frost shake
Frost shake begins on the outside where moisture from rain or other means has penetrated, and freezes, causing damage to the wood on the inside.
Cup or ring shake
A cup or ring shake follows the line of annual rings. The separation of the rings is generally caused during the growth of the tree, either by a check in the growth, or by bending and twisting under high winds.
Thunder shake or upset
Thunder shake is across the grain, and hard to detect until the boards are being planed. It is caused by shock to the wood, such as thunder, or concussion during felling. This fault seriously weakens the timber.
See also
• Dry rot
• Knots (wood)
• Wandering heart
• Wood drying