Receiving Helpdesk

what is breakdown voltage in diode

by Kieran O'Kon Published 3 years ago Updated 3 years ago

Some commonly used specifications for Zener diodes are as follows:

  • Zener/Breakdown Voltage – The Zener or the reverse breakdown voltage ranges from 2.4 V to 200 V, sometimes it can go up to 1 kV while the maximum for the ...
  • Current Iz (max) – It is the maximum current at the rated Zener Voltage (Vz – 200μA to 200 A)
  • Current Iz (min) – It is the minimum value of current required for the diode to breakdown.

More items...

Breakdown voltage is a parameter of a diode that defines the largest reverse voltage that can be applied without causing an exponential increase in the leakage current in the diode. Exceeding the breakdown voltage of a diode, per se, is not destructive; although, exceeding its current capacity will be.

Full Answer

How to decrease voltage by diode?

To reduce voltage in half, we simply form a voltage divider circuit between 2 resistors of equal value (for example, 2 10KΩ) resistors. To divide voltage in half, all you must do is place any 2 resistors of equal value in series and then place a jumper wire in between the resistors.

How to drop voltage using diodes?

When a common diode is in series to a load in flow direction on a DC circuit it will drop voltage by .6 volts. If the diode is inserted in the opposite direction no current will flow. On an AC circuit a single diode will drop flow in one direction and conduct in the other direction with a .6 volt drop.

Can voltage be reduced with a diode?

This all means that paralleling diodes is not very reliable in sharing current. The voltage drop going to be reduced just slighly since the forward voltage-current curve is logarithmic, only at very high currents one can see some contribution from homic voltage drop. The forward voltage drop has negative temperature coefficient.

What do you mean by breakdown of diode?

The breakdown diode is a two-terminal electrical component which is anode as well as the cathode. The diode allows the current flow in only one direction and blocks in the opposite direction. An electrical breakdown takes place due to two types of occurrences like Zener as well as an avalanche.

What is breakdown voltage meaning?

Breakdown voltage is the threshold voltage at which the initiation of breakdown occurs. However, before current can flow, the open gap voltage increases until it has created an ionization path through the dielectric. Once the current starts to flow, voltage drops and stabilizes at the working gap level.

What is the diode breakdown?

The break down diode is an electronic component with two electrodes called as the anode and the cathode. Most of the diode is made up of semiconductor materials such as silicon, germanium etc....What is a Diode?Operation ModeOn(Forward Biased)Off (Reverse Biased)Diode Looks LikeShort CircuitOpen Circuit2 more rows•Jan 11, 2021

What is breakdown voltage and voltage?

The forward voltage at which the current through the junction starts increasing rapidly, is called the knee voltage or cut-in voltage. The reverse voltage at which P-N junction of a diode breaks down with sudden rise in reverse current is known as break down voltage.

What is reverse breakdown voltage in PN junction diode?

Breakdown voltage of a zener-diode is the reverse-bias voltage across the diode at which current (from n-side to p-side) suddenly increases across it. This phenomenon results in a practically constant voltage equal to the breakdown voltage across zener-diode.

Why is there a breakdown voltage?

Breakdown occurs when the electric field becomes strong enough to pull electrons from the molecules of the material, ionizing them. The released electrons are accelerated by the field and strike other atoms, creating more free electrons and ions in a chain reaction, flooding the material with charged particles.

What is breakdown voltage in diode characteristics?

Breakdown Voltage Some diodes are actually designed to operate in the breakdown region, but for most normal diodes it's not very healthy for them to be subjected to large negative voltages. For normal diodes this breakdown voltage is around -50V to -100V, or even more negative.

What is breakdown voltage in Zener diode?

Zener Diode Specifications Zener/Breakdown Voltage – The Zener or the reverse breakdown voltage ranges from 2.4 V to 200 V, sometimes it can go up to 1 kV while the maximum for the surface-mounted device is 47 V.

How do you calculate breakdown voltage?

In a series combination of capacitors, the voltage is divided in inverse ratio of the capacitance. Now, For the 6 μF capacitor to break down, the applied voltage must be 4×1 kV=4 kV. For the 2 μF capacitor to break down, the applied voltage must be 43×4 kV=163 kV.

What is depletion layer and breakdown voltage?

The breakdown voltage of a p-n junction diode is depends on the width of depletion region. The p-n junction diodes with wide depletion region have high breakdown voltage whereas the p-n junction diodes with narrow depletion region have low breakdown voltage.

What causes breakdown voltage in PN junction?

If reverse bias is made too high, the current through PN junction increases abruptly and the voltage at which this phenomenon occurs is called breakdown voltage . At this breakdown voltage , the crystal structure breaks down.

Which diode allows current to flow forward?

Zener diode. Zener diode is a special kind of diode that allows current to flow in the forward direction in the same manner as an ideal diode, but also permit it to flow in the reverse direction when the voltage is above a certain value known as the breakdown voltage of Zener diode, Zener knee voltage or Zener voltage.

What is a properly doped PN junction diode?

A properly doped PN junction diode that works even in the Breakdown region is called a Zener diode. Zener diode is also known as the breakdown diode or breakdown voltage of diode. This diode works on either the Zener breakdown mechanism or on the Avalanche breakdown mechanism.

What is the mechanism of increasing reverse current?

This mechanism of increasing reverse current is known as Zener breakdown. The reverse voltage at which Zener breakdown occurs is known as Zener voltage and the current corresponding to it is known as Zener current. This type of breakdown occurs in heavily doped PN junction.

What happens to the kinetic energy of minority carriers at high reverse voltage?

At a particular high reverse voltage, the kinetic energy of minority carrier become so high that they are able to Knock Out electron from the covalent bond of the semiconductor material . These liberated electrons in turn liberate more electron from the covalent bond.

What happens when a PN junction is reverse biased?

When a PN junction is Reverse Biased, the depletion layer is widened and the potential barrier is increased with the increase in reverse voltage. The electric field across the junction is also increased to a high value.

What is an avalanche breakdown?

Avalanche Breakdown. It is a phenomenon that occurs in a both insulating and semiconducting material. It is a form of electric current multiplication that can allow very large current within the materials which are otherwise good insulators. It is a type of electron Avalanche.

Can an avalanche diode survive reverse current?

Avalanche breakdown usually destroys ordinary diodes, but Avalanche diode is designed to break down this way at low voltage and can survive the reverse current. When a PN junction is Reverse Biased, the minority carrier (in p region and n region) flowing through the junction acquire kinetic energy under the effect of the electric field across ...

Why is breakdown voltage not a definite value?

The breakdown voltage of a material is not a definite value because it is a form of failure and there is a statistical probability whether the material will fail at a given voltage. When a value is given it is usually the mean breakdown voltage of a large sample.

What is the breakdown voltage of an insulator?

The breakdown voltage of an insulator is the minimum voltage that causes a portion of an insulator to become electrically conductive . For diodes, the breakdown voltage is the minimum reverse voltage that makes the diode conduct appreciably in reverse. Some devices (such as TRIACs) also have a forward breakdown voltage .

What happens when the voltage applied across an insulator is increased?

If the voltage applied across a piece of insulator is increased, at a certain electric field the number of charge carriers in the material suddenly increases enormously and its resistivity drops, causing a strong current to flow through it. This is called electrical breakdown.

What is the voltage at which this occurs called?

The voltage at which this occurs is called the breakdown voltage of that object. Breakdown voltage varies with the material composition, shape of an object, and the length of material between the electrical contacts.

What happens when an insulator breaks down?

Once one area has broken down and become conductive, that area has almost no voltage drop and the full voltage is applied across the remaining length of the insulator, resulting in a higher gradient and electric field, causing additional areas in the insulator to break down.

Why does voltage vary across objects?

The voltage gradient may vary at different points across the object, due to its shape or local variations in composition. Electrical breakdown occurs when the field first exceeds the dielectric strength of the material in some region of the object.

What happens when an electric field becomes strong enough to pull electrons from the molecules of the material?

Breakdown occurs when the electric field becomes strong enough to pull electrons from the molecules of the material, ionizing them. The released electrons are accelerated by the field and strike other atoms, creating more free electrons and ions in a chain reaction, flooding the material with charged particles.

What is breakdown voltage?

Breakdown voltage is the threshold voltage at which the initiation of breakdown occurs. However, before current can flow, the open gap voltage increases until it has created an ionization path through the dielectric. Once the current starts to flow, voltage drops and stabilizes at the working gap level.

What is dielectric breakdown voltage?

The dielectric breakdown voltage (also known as breakdown voltage) is the potential difference at which failure occurs when tested insulating material is placed between two electrodes. The measurement according to ASTM standard is done by alternating current having a frequency of 60 Hz.3 Three methods of voltage increase from zero to breakdown voltage are used: short time method (100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, and 5000), step-by-step test (initial voltage is selected at the level of 50% of expected breakdown voltage and the voltage is increased in steps by 10% of the initial voltage), and slow rate-of-rise test (similar to step-by-step test but the steps are smaller). The result is given by recording the voltage at which breakdown occurred.

What are the key parameters of a Schottky diode?

Breakdown voltage and on-resistance are the key parameters of a Schottky diode. These parameters are interrelated, i.e., increasing the thickness or decreasing the doping in the drift region increases the breakdown voltage but also increases the on-resistance, which is reflected in the following equation:

What is a Zener diode?

The Zener diode or avalanche diode is a diode that is intended to be used with reverse bias. The normal reverse characteristic of any silicon diode is to withstand reverse voltages until a threshold value at which reverse current increases rapidly. The Zener type of diode is constructed so that the breakdown of resistance for reverse voltage is particularly rapid, leading to a characteristic for the type illustrated in Figure 3.8, with a very steep slope at the breakdown voltage. This implies that over a large range of reverse currents, the reverse voltage will be almost constant, so that this type of diode is used as a constant voltage source.

What is breakdown voltage?

Breakdown Voltage is the characteristic of Insulator materials. The minimum voltage level at which an insulator starts behaving as a conductor and conducts electricity is known as “Breakdown Voltage.”It is also known as the Dielectric Strength of the material.

What causes a lightly doped diode to break?

Here in the Avalanche effect, when a diode is operated in reverse bias due to increased electric filed the minority charge carriers gain kinetic energy and collides with the electron-hole pairs, thereby breaking their covalent bond and creating new mobile charge carriers. This increase in the number of minority charge carriers leads to an increase in reverse current causing breakdown. Here, the breakdown voltage is known as Avalanche breakdown voltage.

What is the breakdown voltage of transformer oil?

It is the voltage value at which sparks are observed between two electrodes which are separated by a gap and immersed in the transformer oil.

How does a Zener diode work?

They are designed to work in the breakdown regions of the diode. Zener diodes are heavily diodes that can work reliably in the reverse-biased regions. Here breakdown takes place due to the Zener effect. In the Zener effect when the electric field of the reverse-biased P-N diode is increased, tunneling of the valence electrons into ...

What is the minimum voltage at which an insulator is made to behave as a conductor?

This phenomenon was named Breakdown, and the minimum voltage at which this occurs is known as Breakdown Voltage.

What happens to the valence electrons in the Zener effect?

In the Zener effect when the electric field of the reverse-biased P-N diode is increased, tunneling of the valence electrons into the conduction band takes place. This leads to an increase in the minority charge carriers thereby increasing the reverse current.

What is a PN junction diode?

Diodes are the semiconductors and their electrical properties lie in between that of conductors and insulators. A PN junction diode is formed using a P-type and N-type material. PN junction diodes contain a bandgap through which exchange of charge carriers takes place.

What is a break down diode?

The break down diode is an electronic component with two electrodes called as the anode and the cathode. Most of the diode is made up of semiconductor materials such as silicon, germanium etc. The fundamental property of a diode is to conduct electric current in only one direction and blocks the current that flows in the opposite direction. When the cathode is negative charge related to the anode at a voltage greater than minimum called as forward breaker, then the current flows through the diode. If the cathode is positive with respect to anode, is at the same voltage of a node, or is negative by an amount less than the forward breakover voltage, then the voltage doesn’t conduct current. Diode characteristic almost matches with the switch. The oldest of semiconductor devices was the crystal detector. It was used in early wireless radio. The forward breakover voltage of silicon device is 0.6V, germanium is 0.3V, selenium devices is 1V.

What happens when the reverse voltage is increased across the PN junction diode?

This will result in a force of attraction on a negatively charged electron across the junction.

What is a Zener diode?

A Zener diode is similar to the normal diode which allows current to flow from anode to cathode. But it’s the additional application which makes distinct from normal diode is it will permit current to flow in the reverse direction when its Zener voltage is reached.

What is a Schottky diode?

Construction of Schottky Diode. It is a metal semiconductor junction diode without depletion layer. One side of the junction a metal like silicon, gold, platinum is used and other side of N-type doped semiconductor is used. To protect it from any external damage metal layer is surrounded by gold or silver layer.

When the cathode is negative, what is the charge?

When the cathode is negative charge related to the anode at a voltage greater than minimum called as forward breaker, then the current flows through the diode. If the cathode is positive with respect to anode, is at the same voltage of a node, or is negative by an amount less than the forward breakover voltage, ...

Why do solar cells need a diode?

When the solar cells are connected to rechargeable batteries, often lead acid batteries this is because it may require 24 hours a day and the sun is not always available. Solar cells do not reverse the charge applied to it and therefore a diode is required in series with the solar cells.

Who invented the hot carrier diode?

The Schottky diode is a semiconductor also known as hot carrier diode. It was invented by a German physicist ‘Walter H. Schottky. The forward voltage ranges from 150 – 450 mV. It resembles same as a basic diode but with additional elements to the bars across the triangle shape.

The Attempt at a Solution

I don't know how to solve this question.Does the breakdown voltage of a diode depends on the voltage source near the diode?For example,breakdown voltage of D1 in (a) is 30V?

Answers and Replies

It says "Assume ideal diode". Do you know what this means? Did you discuss the properties of an ideal diode in your class or your textbook?

image

Overview

Diodes and other semiconductors

Breakdown voltage is a parameter of a diode that defines the largest reverse voltage that can be applied without causing an exponential increase in the leakage current in the diode. Exceeding the breakdown voltage of a diode, per se, is not destructive; although, exceeding its current capacity will be. In fact, Zener diodes are essentially just heavily doped normal diodes that exploit the breakdo…

Electrical breakdown

Materials are often classified as conductors or insulators based on their resistivity. A conductor is a substance which contains many mobile charged particles called charge carriers which are free to move about inside the material. An electric field is created across a piece of the material by applying a voltage difference between electrical contacts on different sides of the material. The force of the field causes the charge carriers within the material to move, creating an electric curr…

Solids

Breakdown voltage is a characteristic of an insulator that defines the maximum voltage difference that can be applied across the material before the insulator conducts. In solid insulating materials, this usually creates a weakened path within the material by creating permanent molecular or physical changes by the sudden current. Within rarefied gases found in certain types of lamps, breakdown voltage is also sometimes called the striking voltage.

Electrical apparatus

Power transformers, circuit breakers, switchgear and other electrical apparatus connected to overhead transmission lines are exposed to transient lightning surge voltages induced on the power circuit. Electrical apparatus will have a basic lightning impulse level (BIL) specified. This is the crest value of an impulse waveform with a standardized wave shape, intended to simulate the electrical stress of a lightning surge or a surge induced by circuit switching. The BIL is coordinat…

See also

• Avalanche breakdown
• Avalanche diode
• Dielectric strength
• Electrical treeing
• Lichtenberg figure

Popular Posts:

  • 1. what is ethnocentric management orientation
  • 2. passion tango tea with coconut milk
  • 3. poemas en prosa cortos para niños
  • 4. how many fully evolved pokemon are there
  • 5. membership fee for sam's club
  • 6. how much is half a cup of butter in grams
  • 7. fat loss extreme
  • 8. who is paul jr teutul married to
  • 9. ess adp login
  • 10. wall mount height chart
    • A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    Messages7TimelineExceptionsViews7RouteQueries7Models15Livewire0MailsGateSessionRequest
    8.3.21PHP Version689msRequest Duration2MBMemory UsageGET {post}Route
    • warninglog[09:16:04] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
    • warninglog[09:16:04] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
    • warninglog[09:16:04] LOG.warning: Callables of the form ["Swift_SmtpTransport", "Swift_Transport_EsmtpTranspor...
    • warninglog[09:16:04] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
    • warninglog[09:16:04] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
    • warninglog[09:16:04] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
    • warninglog[09:16:04] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
    warning
    • Booting (12.15ms)
    • Application (677ms)
    • 1 x Application (98.18%)
      676.57ms
      1 x Booting (1.76%)
      12.15ms
      7 templates were rendered
      • themes.DevBlog.content.post (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/content/post.blade.php)34blade
        Params
        0
        post
        1
        postContent
        2
        author
        3
        updated_at
        4
        bing_rich_snippet_text
        5
        bing_rich_snippet_link
        6
        bing_related_keywords
        7
        google_related_keywords
        8
        bing_news_title
        9
        bing_news_description
        10
        bing_videos
        11
        bing_images
        12
        bing_search_result_title
        13
        bing_search_result_description
        14
        bing_search_result_url
        15
        bing_paa_questions
        16
        bing_paa_answers
        17
        bing_slider_faq_questions
        18
        bing_slider_faq_answers
        19
        bing_pop_faq_questions
        20
        bing_pop_faq_answers
        21
        bing_tab_faq_questions
        22
        bing_tab_faq_answers
        23
        google_faq_questions
        24
        google_faq_answers
        25
        google_rich_snippet
        26
        google_search_result
        27
        indexedArray
        28
        total_images
        29
        total_videos
        30
        settings
        31
        url_current
        32
        menus
        33
        sidebar
      • themes.DevBlog.layouts.master (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/layouts/master.blade.php)41blade
        Params
        0
        __env
        1
        app
        2
        errors
        3
        post
        4
        postContent
        5
        author
        6
        updated_at
        7
        bing_rich_snippet_text
        8
        bing_rich_snippet_link
        9
        bing_related_keywords
        10
        google_related_keywords
        11
        bing_news_title
        12
        bing_news_description
        13
        bing_videos
        14
        bing_images
        15
        bing_search_result_title
        16
        bing_search_result_description
        17
        bing_search_result_url
        18
        bing_paa_questions
        19
        bing_paa_answers
        20
        bing_slider_faq_questions
        21
        bing_slider_faq_answers
        22
        bing_pop_faq_questions
        23
        bing_pop_faq_answers
        24
        bing_tab_faq_questions
        25
        bing_tab_faq_answers
        26
        google_faq_questions
        27
        google_faq_answers
        28
        google_rich_snippet
        29
        google_search_result
        30
        indexedArray
        31
        total_images
        32
        total_videos
        33
        settings
        34
        url_current
        35
        menus
        36
        sidebar
        37
        i
        38
        __currentLoopData
        39
        loop
        40
        item
      • themes.DevBlog.panels.head (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/head.blade.php)41blade
        Params
        0
        __env
        1
        app
        2
        errors
        3
        post
        4
        postContent
        5
        author
        6
        updated_at
        7
        bing_rich_snippet_text
        8
        bing_rich_snippet_link
        9
        bing_related_keywords
        10
        google_related_keywords
        11
        bing_news_title
        12
        bing_news_description
        13
        bing_videos
        14
        bing_images
        15
        bing_search_result_title
        16
        bing_search_result_description
        17
        bing_search_result_url
        18
        bing_paa_questions
        19
        bing_paa_answers
        20
        bing_slider_faq_questions
        21
        bing_slider_faq_answers
        22
        bing_pop_faq_questions
        23
        bing_pop_faq_answers
        24
        bing_tab_faq_questions
        25
        bing_tab_faq_answers
        26
        google_faq_questions
        27
        google_faq_answers
        28
        google_rich_snippet
        29
        google_search_result
        30
        indexedArray
        31
        total_images
        32
        total_videos
        33
        settings
        34
        url_current
        35
        menus
        36
        sidebar
        37
        i
        38
        __currentLoopData
        39
        loop
        40
        item
      • themes.DevBlog.panels.header (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/header.blade.php)41blade
        Params
        0
        __env
        1
        app
        2
        errors
        3
        post
        4
        postContent
        5
        author
        6
        updated_at
        7
        bing_rich_snippet_text
        8
        bing_rich_snippet_link
        9
        bing_related_keywords
        10
        google_related_keywords
        11
        bing_news_title
        12
        bing_news_description
        13
        bing_videos
        14
        bing_images
        15
        bing_search_result_title
        16
        bing_search_result_description
        17
        bing_search_result_url
        18
        bing_paa_questions
        19
        bing_paa_answers
        20
        bing_slider_faq_questions
        21
        bing_slider_faq_answers
        22
        bing_pop_faq_questions
        23
        bing_pop_faq_answers
        24
        bing_tab_faq_questions
        25
        bing_tab_faq_answers
        26
        google_faq_questions
        27
        google_faq_answers
        28
        google_rich_snippet
        29
        google_search_result
        30
        indexedArray
        31
        total_images
        32
        total_videos
        33
        settings
        34
        url_current
        35
        menus
        36
        sidebar
        37
        i
        38
        __currentLoopData
        39
        loop
        40
        item
      • themes.DevBlog.panels.navbar (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/navbar.blade.php)41blade
        Params
        0
        __env
        1
        app
        2
        errors
        3
        post
        4
        postContent
        5
        author
        6
        updated_at
        7
        bing_rich_snippet_text
        8
        bing_rich_snippet_link
        9
        bing_related_keywords
        10
        google_related_keywords
        11
        bing_news_title
        12
        bing_news_description
        13
        bing_videos
        14
        bing_images
        15
        bing_search_result_title
        16
        bing_search_result_description
        17
        bing_search_result_url
        18
        bing_paa_questions
        19
        bing_paa_answers
        20
        bing_slider_faq_questions
        21
        bing_slider_faq_answers
        22
        bing_pop_faq_questions
        23
        bing_pop_faq_answers
        24
        bing_tab_faq_questions
        25
        bing_tab_faq_answers
        26
        google_faq_questions
        27
        google_faq_answers
        28
        google_rich_snippet
        29
        google_search_result
        30
        indexedArray
        31
        total_images
        32
        total_videos
        33
        settings
        34
        url_current
        35
        menus
        36
        sidebar
        37
        i
        38
        __currentLoopData
        39
        loop
        40
        item
      • themes.DevBlog.panels.footer (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/footer.blade.php)41blade
        Params
        0
        __env
        1
        app
        2
        errors
        3
        post
        4
        postContent
        5
        author
        6
        updated_at
        7
        bing_rich_snippet_text
        8
        bing_rich_snippet_link
        9
        bing_related_keywords
        10
        google_related_keywords
        11
        bing_news_title
        12
        bing_news_description
        13
        bing_videos
        14
        bing_images
        15
        bing_search_result_title
        16
        bing_search_result_description
        17
        bing_search_result_url
        18
        bing_paa_questions
        19
        bing_paa_answers
        20
        bing_slider_faq_questions
        21
        bing_slider_faq_answers
        22
        bing_pop_faq_questions
        23
        bing_pop_faq_answers
        24
        bing_tab_faq_questions
        25
        bing_tab_faq_answers
        26
        google_faq_questions
        27
        google_faq_answers
        28
        google_rich_snippet
        29
        google_search_result
        30
        indexedArray
        31
        total_images
        32
        total_videos
        33
        settings
        34
        url_current
        35
        menus
        36
        sidebar
        37
        i
        38
        __currentLoopData
        39
        loop
        40
        item
      • themes.DevBlog.panels.scripts (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/scripts.blade.php)41blade
        Params
        0
        __env
        1
        app
        2
        errors
        3
        post
        4
        postContent
        5
        author
        6
        updated_at
        7
        bing_rich_snippet_text
        8
        bing_rich_snippet_link
        9
        bing_related_keywords
        10
        google_related_keywords
        11
        bing_news_title
        12
        bing_news_description
        13
        bing_videos
        14
        bing_images
        15
        bing_search_result_title
        16
        bing_search_result_description
        17
        bing_search_result_url
        18
        bing_paa_questions
        19
        bing_paa_answers
        20
        bing_slider_faq_questions
        21
        bing_slider_faq_answers
        22
        bing_pop_faq_questions
        23
        bing_pop_faq_answers
        24
        bing_tab_faq_questions
        25
        bing_tab_faq_answers
        26
        google_faq_questions
        27
        google_faq_answers
        28
        google_rich_snippet
        29
        google_search_result
        30
        indexedArray
        31
        total_images
        32
        total_videos
        33
        settings
        34
        url_current
        35
        menus
        36
        sidebar
        37
        i
        38
        __currentLoopData
        39
        loop
        40
        item
      uri
      GET {post}
      middleware
      web, checkdate
      as
      post.show
      controller
      App\Http\Controllers\Frontend\json_data\PostController@show
      namespace
      where
      file
      app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/json_data/PostController.php:18-166
      7 statements were executed653ms
      receivinghelpdeskask
      • select * from `posts` where `published_at` <= '2025-06-22 09:16:04' and `slug` = 'what-is-breakdown-voltage-in-diode' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        3.74ms/app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54receivinghelpdeskask
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2025-06-22 09:16:04
        • 1. what-is-breakdown-voltage-in-diode
        Backtrace
        • 15. /app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:842
        • 19. Route binding:39
        • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:78
      • select * from `json_post_contents` where `json_post_contents`.`post_id` = 190516 and `json_post_contents`.`post_id` is not null and `rewrite_id` = 0
        18.49msmiddleware::checkdate:30receivinghelpdeskask
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 190516
        • 1. 0
        Backtrace
        • 19. middleware::checkdate:30
        • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/jetstream/src/Http/Middleware/ShareInertiaData.php:61
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • select * from `nova_menu_menus` where `slug` = 'header' limit 1
        1.12ms/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32receivinghelpdeskask
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. header
        Backtrace
        • 15. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
        • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` = 1 and `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` is not null and `parent_id` is null order by `parent_id` asc, `order` asc, `name` asc
        580μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        Backtrace
        • 19. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
        • 20. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
      • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`parent_id` in (1) order by `order` asc
        340μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 24. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
        • 25. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
        • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
      • select `id`, `post_title`, `slug` from `posts` where `status` = 'publish' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 10
        627ms/app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22receivinghelpdeskask
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. publish
        Backtrace
        • 14. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22
        • 15. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:12
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162
        • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177
      • select * from `fake_users` where `fake_users`.`id` = 37177 limit 1
        2.06msview::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15receivinghelpdeskask
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 37177
        Backtrace
        • 21. view::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:108
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 25. /vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
        • 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:61
      App\Models\FakeUser
      1
      Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\MenuItem
      1
      Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\Menu
      1
      App\Models\JsonPostContent
      1
      App\Models\Post
      11
          _token
          HiyEMSsOJ5qsWssZSk1XfWho286lEEnu8jVX524q
          _previous
          array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/what-is-breakdown-voltage-in-diode" ]
          _flash
          array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
          PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
          []
          path_info
          /what-is-breakdown-voltage-in-diode
          status_code
          200
          status_text
          OK
          format
          html
          content_type
          text/html; charset=UTF-8
          request_query
          []
          request_request
          []
          request_headers
            0 of 0   
          array:25 [▼
  "cookie" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "_pk_id.64.7c30=79ed617c61cef41e.1750563949.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlJURkIzcURxb1MvTDZsVzBZZWl4Q0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidGQrc09YWElGdDk0eE0rVzc1Qld6N2lwbVVqempBOEhSeDhobjRsVFgzM1FDYWNERk92RlM2QzBnWnNoRmpSMzN4MG9sNGZtWEIrNkxXbTQ5eFFNa25jTm80NUNMTXl3OVMxNU1PT2xNTWtxcnRRZE5pNWluN0xNNDJiZThsRE8iLCJtYWMiOiJkMzNmZjJjYzY1OThkMzBkMjRjYjRmNDVjNmZjODBkMmNhYzgxMDQ0NmU5MDEwYWE3MGNjMjVhMTYwMzAxMDZjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IitRTnN4Tys3M2JMdVFrSDdkNXVQUFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZVFERnJpL0lnTjVvUHVFRzgyU3IreWpsVFlQbWRhY3RqaUp3cnZYcnNCZGF3bDhFcHZhYm1KVXlIUjAzclNXejBvOFFGQjBhTmU5cTMwRmh5SVNJdVhvanoxdElGSUFmdWVFTmdhSk54ZGhHUy9PSW1lY3EzZm5Ya3htK1VqaVMiLCJtYWMiOiJiNDRiMWQwNzVkM2Q5ZDI4MzdmNTQ4NGY1M2ZmMWYwM2FmYzkzOGRiZWM3MzA0NzI0MDc1ZDFkNGEzMzc1NDhiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D ◀_pk_id.64.7c30=79ed617c61cef41e.1750563949.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlJURkIzcURxb1MvTDZsVzBZZWl4Q0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidGQrc09YWElGdDk0eE0rVzc1Qld6N ▶"
  ]
  "cf-ipcountry" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "US"
  ]
  "cf-connecting-ip" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "216.73.216.214"
  ]
  "cdn-loop" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "cloudflare; loops=1"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "navigate"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "none"
  ]
  "accept" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7"
  ]
  "user-agent" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
  ]
  "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "1"
  ]
  "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [▶
    0 => ""Windows""
  ]
  "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "?0"
  ]
  "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [▶
    0 => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99""
  ]
  "cache-control" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "no-cache"
  ]
  "pragma" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "no-cache"
  ]
  "accept-encoding" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "gzip, br"
  ]
  "cf-ray" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "9538c1abc9d1f50d-ORD"
  ]
  "priority" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "u=0, i"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "document"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "?1"
  ]
  "cf-visitor" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "{"scheme":"https"}"
  ]
  "connection" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "close"
  ]
  "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "https"
  ]
  "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "216.73.216.214, 172.69.6.6"
  ]
  "x-server-addr" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "154.12.239.204"
  ]
  "host" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "receivinghelpdesk.com"
  ]
]
          request_server
            0 of 0   
          array:56 [▼
  "USER" => "runcloud"
  "HOME" => "/home/runcloud"
  "SCRIPT_NAME" => "/ask/index.php"
  "REQUEST_URI" => "/ask/what-is-breakdown-voltage-in-diode"
  "QUERY_STRING" => ""
  "REQUEST_METHOD" => "GET"
  "SERVER_PROTOCOL" => "HTTP/1.0"
  "GATEWAY_INTERFACE" => "CGI/1.1"
  "REDIRECT_URL" => "/ask/what-is-breakdown-voltage-in-diode"
  "REMOTE_PORT" => "37024"
  "SCRIPT_FILENAME" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/ask/index.php"
  "SERVER_ADMIN" => "you@example.com"
  "CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/"
  "CONTEXT_PREFIX" => ""
  "REQUEST_SCHEME" => "http"
  "DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/"
  "REMOTE_ADDR" => "172.69.6.6"
  "SERVER_PORT" => "80"
  "SERVER_ADDR" => "127.0.0.1"
  "SERVER_NAME" => "receivinghelpdesk.com"
  "SERVER_SOFTWARE" => "Apache/2.4.63 (Unix) OpenSSL/1.1.1f"
  "SERVER_SIGNATURE" => ""
  "LD_LIBRARY_PATH" => "/RunCloud/Packages/apache2-rc/lib"
  "PATH" => "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
  "HTTP_COOKIE" => "_pk_id.64.7c30=79ed617c61cef41e.1750563949.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlJURkIzcURxb1MvTDZsVzBZZWl4Q0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidGQrc09YWElGdDk0eE0rVzc1Qld6N2lwbVVqempBOEhSeDhobjRsVFgzM1FDYWNERk92RlM2QzBnWnNoRmpSMzN4MG9sNGZtWEIrNkxXbTQ5eFFNa25jTm80NUNMTXl3OVMxNU1PT2xNTWtxcnRRZE5pNWluN0xNNDJiZThsRE8iLCJtYWMiOiJkMzNmZjJjYzY1OThkMzBkMjRjYjRmNDVjNmZjODBkMmNhYzgxMDQ0NmU5MDEwYWE3MGNjMjVhMTYwMzAxMDZjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IitRTnN4Tys3M2JMdVFrSDdkNXVQUFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZVFERnJpL0lnTjVvUHVFRzgyU3IreWpsVFlQbWRhY3RqaUp3cnZYcnNCZGF3bDhFcHZhYm1KVXlIUjAzclNXejBvOFFGQjBhTmU5cTMwRmh5SVNJdVhvanoxdElGSUFmdWVFTmdhSk54ZGhHUy9PSW1lY3EzZm5Ya3htK1VqaVMiLCJtYWMiOiJiNDRiMWQwNzVkM2Q5ZDI4MzdmNTQ4NGY1M2ZmMWYwM2FmYzkzOGRiZWM3MzA0NzI0MDc1ZDFkNGEzMzc1NDhiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D ◀_pk_id.64.7c30=79ed617c61cef41e.1750563949.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlJURkIzcURxb1MvTDZsVzBZZWl4Q0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidGQrc09YWElGdDk0eE0rVzc1Qld6N ▶"
  "HTTP_CF_IPCOUNTRY" => "US"
  "HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP" => "216.73.216.214"
  "HTTP_CDN_LOOP" => "cloudflare; loops=1"
  "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_MODE" => "navigate"
  "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_SITE" => "none"
  "HTTP_ACCEPT" => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7"
  "HTTP_USER_AGENT" => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
  "HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS" => "1"
  "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_PLATFORM" => ""Windows""
  "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_MOBILE" => "?0"
  "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA" => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99""
  "HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL" => "no-cache"
  "HTTP_PRAGMA" => "no-cache"
  "HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING" => "gzip, br"
  "HTTP_CF_RAY" => "9538c1abc9d1f50d-ORD"
  "HTTP_PRIORITY" => "u=0, i"
  "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_DEST" => "document"
  "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_USER" => "?1"
  "HTTP_CF_VISITOR" => "{"scheme":"https"}"
  "HTTP_CONNECTION" => "close"
  "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO" => "https"
  "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR" => "216.73.216.214, 172.69.6.6"
  "HTTP_X_SERVER_ADDR" => "154.12.239.204"
  "HTTP_HOST" => "receivinghelpdesk.com"
  "HTTPS" => "on"
  "REDIRECT_STATUS" => "200"
  "REDIRECT_HTTPS" => "on"
  "FCGI_ROLE" => "RESPONDER"
  "PHP_SELF" => "/ask/index.php"
  "REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT" => 1750563964.7893
  "REQUEST_TIME" => 1750563964
]
          request_cookies
            0 of 0   
          array:4 [▼
  "_pk_id_64_7c30" => null
  "_pk_ses_64_7c30" => null
  "XSRF-TOKEN" => "HiyEMSsOJ5qsWssZSk1XfWho286lEEnu8jVX524q"
  "askhelpdesk_session" => "v3zClRzd5Yq1lBCVHl5bdNHwj4sCtvXMo2QlVryx"
]
          response_headers
            0 of 0   
          array:7 [▼
  "content-type" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8"
  ]
  "cache-control" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "private, must-revalidate"
  ]
  "date" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "Sun, 22 Jun 2025 03:46:04 GMT"
  ]
  "pragma" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "no-cache"
  ]
  "expires" => array:1 [▶
    0 => -1
  ]
  "set-cookie" => array:2 [▶
    0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImNYSXBYSWZOZUVQckhoNW9VaEhzS2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOTM4V0taVys2Tll3OXRFUXVWY3FxbFBEZGZCcUhXelpmWG1RdzlHQjFkaFpYZ3h6b1g1R1FTZkdiYVkyVUJYbUpqWEEzcWZCZkFNaFVtNi8vaTRqY2pNOHByeEJnemY0MXpCNG5IL0ZYU1VpY1p4UjJOeEpVQk1Hd3JoSHpVUWciLCJtYWMiOiIzOGU2N2Y4NGQ2Y2UxNzk3YjEzMThiYTg1YzFkYjg2ODg0ZTU4MDhjYjE4ZWNjNzE1YWI4NGEwNDI0YmE0OWVhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sun, 22-Jun-2025 05:46:05 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; samesite=lax ◀XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImNYSXBYSWZOZUVQckhoNW9VaEhzS2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOTM4V0taVys2Tll3OXRFUXVWY3FxbFBEZGZCcUhXelpmWG1RdzlHQjFkaFpYZ3h6b1g1R1FTZkdiYVkyVUJYbUpqWEEzc ▶"
    1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IjA5bjlzc0lDTEdmTEpvZmd2K2d1VGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZXhJdzlZa0JaTHpOdXMvOGlKUHBhN3R3UTQ3NVVQbXRDMXQ4RVg3cnR0d2g2bVJmbWMrV1JZdVRsWGQxVTFGY2Fqanh5RUcya2xVV0ltUTZJT1ZNaE4yVUpyM0kzSm8vdmdvQnRQWFVwQTl4NkNkRkJNZUNHNVNCamNVaWJ1YlUiLCJtYWMiOiJhNWJmZDMxODBjZWU5N2VjYjkzMjI4MjdiMjgxNTE0MGIyYmMxZDVmMWQ4OTljYWNmOTZkODBiZjRlZWM2ZDZiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sun, 22-Jun-2025 05:46:05 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; httponly; samesite=lax ◀askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IjA5bjlzc0lDTEdmTEpvZmd2K2d1VGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZXhJdzlZa0JaTHpOdXMvOGlKUHBhN3R3UTQ3NVVQbXRDMXQ4RVg3cnR0d2g2bVJmbWMrV1JZdVRsWGQxVTFG ▶"
  ]
  "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [▶
    0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImNYSXBYSWZOZUVQckhoNW9VaEhzS2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOTM4V0taVys2Tll3OXRFUXVWY3FxbFBEZGZCcUhXelpmWG1RdzlHQjFkaFpYZ3h6b1g1R1FTZkdiYVkyVUJYbUpqWEEzcWZCZkFNaFVtNi8vaTRqY2pNOHByeEJnemY0MXpCNG5IL0ZYU1VpY1p4UjJOeEpVQk1Hd3JoSHpVUWciLCJtYWMiOiIzOGU2N2Y4NGQ2Y2UxNzk3YjEzMThiYTg1YzFkYjg2ODg0ZTU4MDhjYjE4ZWNjNzE1YWI4NGEwNDI0YmE0OWVhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sun, 22-Jun-2025 05:46:05 GMT; path=/ ◀XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImNYSXBYSWZOZUVQckhoNW9VaEhzS2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOTM4V0taVys2Tll3OXRFUXVWY3FxbFBEZGZCcUhXelpmWG1RdzlHQjFkaFpYZ3h6b1g1R1FTZkdiYVkyVUJYbUpqWEEzc ▶"
    1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IjA5bjlzc0lDTEdmTEpvZmd2K2d1VGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZXhJdzlZa0JaTHpOdXMvOGlKUHBhN3R3UTQ3NVVQbXRDMXQ4RVg3cnR0d2g2bVJmbWMrV1JZdVRsWGQxVTFGY2Fqanh5RUcya2xVV0ltUTZJT1ZNaE4yVUpyM0kzSm8vdmdvQnRQWFVwQTl4NkNkRkJNZUNHNVNCamNVaWJ1YlUiLCJtYWMiOiJhNWJmZDMxODBjZWU5N2VjYjkzMjI4MjdiMjgxNTE0MGIyYmMxZDVmMWQ4OTljYWNmOTZkODBiZjRlZWM2ZDZiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sun, 22-Jun-2025 05:46:05 GMT; path=/; httponly ◀askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IjA5bjlzc0lDTEdmTEpvZmd2K2d1VGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZXhJdzlZa0JaTHpOdXMvOGlKUHBhN3R3UTQ3NVVQbXRDMXQ4RVg3cnR0d2g2bVJmbWMrV1JZdVRsWGQxVTFG ▶"
  ]
]
          session_attributes
            0 of 0   
          array:4 [▼
  "_token" => "HiyEMSsOJ5qsWssZSk1XfWho286lEEnu8jVX524q"
  "_previous" => array:1 [▶
    "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/what-is-breakdown-voltage-in-diode"
  ]
  "_flash" => array:2 [▶
    "old" => []
    "new" => []
  ]
  "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => []
]