An "imposed" etic bias occurs when an observer attempts to generalize observations from one culture to another. For instance, a researcher studies a jungle-dwelling Amazon tribe and comes to conclusions regarding the tribe's social organization, history, traditions, etc.
What is imposed etic in sociology?
Mar 23, 2020 · An "imposed" etic bias occurs when an observer attempts to generalize observations from one culture to another.
What is imposed etic bias?
Imposed Etic Bias. "Etic" and "emic" are perspective concepts that are taken from field research in the fields of anthropology and other social and behavioral sciences. The etic approach to research is viewing and evaluating the culture from outside where the emic approach is a cultural view made from the inside of a culture. An "imposed" etic bias occurs when an observer …
What is emic/etic?
Also, what do psychologists mean by imposed ETIC when studying cultural differences in Behaviour? Cultural bias can occur if a researcher assumes that an emic construct is actually etic. This results in an imposed etic, where a culture-specific idea is …
What is the etic approach to ethnography?
Jan 06, 2011 · etic. This results in an imposed etic, where a culture-specific idea is wrongly imposed on another culture.
Why might the strange situation be an imposed etic?
What is an example of an etic?
What does an etic approach mean?
What are etic terms?
What is an example of Emic and ETIC?
How do you understand ethnology?
How do you do the etic approach?
What is an emic approach in psychology?
What is a emic in medical terms?
Who promoted emic approach?
Why is an etic perspective important?
Is Etics a word?
Introduction
Research is research is research! In cross-cultural/national marketing and management—indeed all social and behavioral science—research nothing could be further from the truth. Often, in research involving foreign markets a research project is designed, planned, etc.
Equivalence
The essence of concern for equivalence in cross-cultural research is captured in Figure 1, which is adapted from Salzberger (1997, p.3). As discussed above, for imposed etic validity to exist there must be equivalence in effects of method between the nation where the method was developed and refined and the nation where it is to be applied.
What is the difference between etic and emic approaches?
The distinction between the two was proposed by John Berry in 1969. An etic approach looks at behaviour from the outside of a given culture, and attempts to find trends that can be generalised, universal behaviours. Whereas an emic approach functions within certain cultures, aiming to identify behaviours relative to to that culture. A lot of research in psychology is guilty of imposed etic, assuming that findings from a study in one culture can be applied universally, when in fact they are only relative to the culture in which they were studied. A key example of this is Ainsworth's Strange Situation, she studied behaviour in America and applied the 'ideal attachment type' in America, to the rest of the world, leading to results affected by cultural bias because child rearing practices largely vary across the world.
Is psychology imposed etic?
A lot of research in psychology is guilty of imposed etic, assuming that findings from a study in one culture can be applied universally, when in fact they are only relative to the culture in which they were studied.
What is the meaning of etic in anthropology?
While emic has remained in use as part of anthropological jargon, its conceptual counterpart, etic, a term often loosely employed to identify a researcher’s own analytic framework, has fallen out of fashion. As a result, the historical development of these counterparts has likewise faded into obscurity.
What is the difference between etic and emic?
Imported into anthropology in the 1960s, etic came to stand for ambitions to establish an objective, scientific approach to the study of culture, whereas emic refers to the goal of grasping the world according to one’s interlocutors’ particular points of view.
What is an emic in the humanities?
To most students and scholars in the humanities and social sciences, the term emic is probably familiar from introductory courses and casual references to the concepts, statements, and interactions of a researcher’s interlocutors in ethnographic research.
When did the etic and emic distinction start?
The emic/etic distinction originated in linguistics in the 1950s to designate two complementary standpoints for the analysis of human language and behaviour. It has been subject to debates in the humanities and social sciences ever since. Imported into anthropology in the 1960s, etic came to stand for ambitions to establish an objective, ...
What is the second section of the emic/etic debate?
The second section turns to the actual contents of the emic/etic debate of the late 1980s, which reflect major epistemological differences in the social sciences of the time. Finally, the third section addresses current scholarship in the humanities and social sciences that continues to debate the emic/etic distinction.
Who wrote "From etic to emic units in the structural study of folktales"?
Dundes, A. 1962. From etic to emic units in the structural study of folktales. The Journal of American Folklore 75 (296), 95-105.
When did anthropologists start using emic/etic?
From the 1960s to the 1980s, many anthropologists took up emic/etic, either as a way to position themselves epistemologically or simply to indicate alignment with a major strand of anthropological theory. However, no scholar employed the terms as pointedly and deliberately as Marvin Harris did to promote his own theory – cultural materialism – over such a long period of time. We can thus look at Harris as a node in anthropological discussions on the emic/etic distinction. Such discussions first took place in academic journals (e.g. Harris 1976) and then in person in 1988 when Pike and Harris were part of an invited panel at the Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association in Phoenix, Arizona. In front of an audience of an estimated six hundred anthropologists, the two protagonists of the decades-long intellectual debate encountered each other.
What does "etic" mean in a study?
Some researchers use "etic" to refer to objective or outsider accounts, and "emic" to refer to subjective or insider accounts. Margaret Mead was an anthropologist who studied the patterns of adolescence in Samoa. She discovered that the difficulties and the transitions that adolescents faced are culturally influenced.
What does etic mean in psychology?
Some researchers use "etic" to refer to objective or outsider accounts, and "emic" to refer to subjective or insider accounts. Pike, Harris, and others have argued that cultural "insiders" and "outsiders" are equally capable of producing emic and etic accounts of their culture.
What is the etic approach?
"The etic (scientist-oriented) approach shifts the focus from local observations, categories, explanations, and interpretations to those of the anthropologist. The etic approach realizes that members of a culture often are too involved in what they are doing... to interpret their cultures impartially. When using the etic approach, the ethnographer emphasizes what he or she considers important."
Why is etics important?
Emic and etic approaches are important to understanding personality because problems can arise "when concepts, measures, and methods are carelessly transferred to other cultures in attempts to make cross-cultural generalizations about personality.".
What is an emic?
In anthropology, folkloristics, and the social and behavioral sciences, emic ( / ˈiːmɪk /) and etic ( / ˈɛtɪk /) refer to two kinds of field research done and viewpoints obtained: emic, from within the social group (from the perspective of the subject) and etic, from outside (from the perspective of the observer).
What is an emic account?
An 'emic' account is a description of behavior or a belief in terms meaningful (consciously or unconsciously) to the subject/actor; that is, an emic account comes from a person within the culture. Almost anything from within a culture can provide an emic account.
Why is the term "emic" so specific?
This approach "is culture specific because it focuses on a single culture and it is understood on its own terms.". As explained below, the term "emic" originated from the specific linguistic term "phonemic", from phoneme, which is a language-specific way of abstracting speech sounds.
What is an etic?
Etic: The researcher uses an outsider’s point of view.
What is the difference between emic and etic perspectives?
On the other hand, in the Etic perspective the researcher looks at the research field objectively from a distance. The key difference between the two stems from the subjective and objective understanding of the social phenomenon.
What is an emic perspective?
Emic: Emic Perspective can be defined as the perspective in which the researcher gains the insider’s point of view. Etic: In the Etic perspective, the researcher looks at the research field objectively from a distance.
