What is an axenic culture?
These subcultures are allowed to grow until the identity of their constituent organisms can be ascertained. Selection of those cultures consisting solely of the desired organism produces the axenic culture.
What is isolation in axenic culture?
Isolation in axenic culture is achieved usually by growing the species in an environment that was sterilized previously and was thereby rid of contaminating organisms.
What is the difference between germ-free and axenic cultures?
From a practical viewpoint, because the contaminating organisms usually encountered are microorganisms, axenic cultures, whether of invertebrates (for example, nematodes) or vertebrates (for example, rodents), are often referred to as germ-free. Indeed, the terms axenic and germ-free are occasionally used interchangeably.
What is the meaning of a·Xen·IC?
[a-zen´ik] not contaminated by or associated with any foreign organisms; used in reference to pure cultures of microorganisms or to germ-free animals. Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. © 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. a·xen·ic (ā-zen'ik),
What is axenic culture?
What is the difference between axenic and pure?
What is synchronous growth in microbiology?
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What is the difference between an axenic and a pure culture?
A pure (or axenic) culture is a population of cells or multicellular organisms growing in the absence of other species or types. A pure culture may originate from a single cell or single organism, in which case the cells are genetic clones of one another.
What part of the body is axenic?
Within the womb, a baby's body is axenic, meaning that the environment within the uterus is sterile. During and after birth, the newborn becomes colonized by microbes, most of which are beneficial to human health. These bacteria are called normal flora or normal microbiota.
What is non axenic culture?
Both microalgae were cultivated under non-sterile environments, so bacteria and other microorganisms which naturally grow along with microalgae were present (non-axenic cultures).
How do you get an axenic culture?
Conventional approaches for obtaining of axenic diatom cultures employ physical and chemical methods for separating bacteria from diatoms, treatment with antibiotics, and isolation of individual diatom cells for monoclonal cul- turing (Spencer 1952; Brown and Bischoff 1962; Jones et al.
Why axenic culture is important?
The earliest axenic cultures were of bacteria or unicellular eukaryotes, but axenic cultures of many multicellular organisms are also possible. Axenic culture is an important tool for the study of symbiotic and parasitic organisms in a controlled environment.
What are axenic animals?
The terms axenic and gnotobiotic refer to animals that harbor no cultivatable organisms or have a completely defined microbiological flora, respectively (see gnotobiology chapter); as a consequence, the health status of these animals regarding pathogenic or opportunistic agents is relatively easy to characterize.
How do you say axenic?
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What is Subculturing in microbiology?
Sub-culturing is a procedure of transferring of microorganism into fresh nutritive medium from its stock culture. It includes transfer of culture from slant to slant, slant to plate, plate to plate, plate to slant, solid medium to broth, and broth to solid media.
What is Polyxenic culture?
Biology. Of or relating to the culture of an organism, especially a parasitic protozoan, in the presence of several other (usually known) species.
How do you isolate cyanobacteria?
Abstract. A method employing nutrient saturated glass fiber filters allowed the isolation of the same numbers of cyanobacteria from freshwater as were obtained with medium solidified with agar, while providing a 2- to 15-fold reduction in the number of accompanying heterotrophic bacteria.
Why is axenic culture so complicated?
The axenic culture of some pathogens is complicated because they normally thrive within host tissues which exhibit properties that are difficult to replicate in vitro. This is especially true in the case of intracellular pathogens.
Why are axenic cultures useful?
As axenic cultures are derived from very few organisms, or even a single individual, they are useful because the organisms present within them share a relatively narrow gene pool. In the case of an asexual species derived from a single individual, the resulting culture should consist of identical organisms (though processes such as mutation and horizontal gene transfer may introduce a degree of variability). Consequently, they will generally respond in a more uniform and reproducible fashion, simplifying the interpretation of experiments .
How are axenic cultures prepared?
Axenic cultures of microorganisms are typically prepared by subculture of an existing mixed culture. This may involve use of a dilution series, in which a culture is successively diluted to the point where subsamples of it contain only a few individual organisms, ideally only a single individual (in the case of an asexual species ).
Why do we check axenic cultures?
Axenic cultures are usually checked routinely to ensure that they remain axenic. One standard approach with microorganisms is to spread a sample of the culture onto an agar plate, and to incubate this for a fixed period of time. The agar should be an enriched medium that will support the growth of common "contaminating" organisms. Such "contaminating" organisms will grow on the plate during this period, identifying cultures that are no longer axenic.
What is the state of a culture in which only a single species, variety, or strain of organism is present?
In biology, axenic describes the state of a culture in which only a single species, variety, or strain of organism is present and entirely free of all other contaminating organisms.
Where can I find axenic culture?
Axenic Culture. Axenic cultures are readily available only from a few recognized culture collections such as the Pasteur Culture Collection (PCC, France) and the National Institute of Environmental Studies (NIES, Japan) and have been the source of new natural products (Ishida, Matsuda, & Murakami, 1998;
What are the factors that affect T. cruzi differentiation?
cruzi differentiation focused on the metacyclogenesis process due to the availability of axenic culture conditions, as described above. There are several factors involved in triggering T. cruzi metacyclogenesis. The availability of nutrients is of great importance both within the host and under in vitro conditions. An early observation was that, in the particular case of the metacyclogenesis process, impoverishment of the medium stimulates the transformation of epimastigotes into metacyclic trypomastigotes ( Contreras et al., 1985a,b; Sullivan, 1982 ). This is one of the reasons why spontaneous metacyclic trypomastigotes are found in late stationary phase cultures ( Camargo, 1964 ). T. cruzi metabolism is primarily organized around the fast consumption of glucose, but the process does not go to completion and glucose is not fully metabolized ( Cazzulo, 1992; Urbina, 1994 ). Upon carbohydrate exhaustion, the parasites fulfil their energy requirements by consuming amino acids ( Cazzulo, 1984, 1994 ). The amino acids glutamic acid and proline are particularly important metabolites for energy production ( Sylvester and Krassner, 1976 ); note that proline is the most abundant amino acid in triatomine hemolymph ( Barrett, 1974) and it might have a role in potentiating the infectivity of metacyclic trypomastigotes ( Martins et al., 2009 ). Further, epimastigote forms have been described during the intracellular differentiation of amastigotes into trypomastigotes ( Almeida-de-Faria et al., 1999 ), and proline seems to make a major contribution to this process ( Tonelli et al., 2004 ). It is important also to note that T. cruzi metacyclogenesis can occur under chemically defined conditions using proline and glucose as the sole carbon sources ( Contreras et al., 1985b ). Thus, there is no doubt that amino acid metabolism and, in particular, that of proline is important for T. cruzi energy production. This exploitation of amino acids for energy production might indicate that carbohydrates are scarce in the parasite's environment and also that environmental energy source availability and, in particular, nutritional stress may be a differentiation trigger for T. cruzi.
Can ECM fungi be grown in axenic culture?
The ease with which many ECM fungi can be grown in axenic culture has enabled extensive screening of their abilities to use different forms of N. Most species readily use ammonium, nitrate and some simple organic-N compounds, although there are differences at both the inter- and intraspecific levels.
Problem 2 Easy Difficulty
An axenic environment is one that __________________. a. exists in the human mouth b. contains only one species c. exists in the human colon d. both a and c
Video Transcript
mhm. Yeah, an accident is typically an environment where the state of a culture or a single species or variety or strength is the only organism that's present and the test tube in the Petri dish and whatever and entirely free of all other kinds of contaminating type of other organisms.
What is axenic culture?
In biology, axenic describes the state of a culture in which only a single species, variety, or strain of organism is present and entirely free of all other contaminating organisms. Axenic culture is an important tool for the study of symbiotic and parasitic organisms in a controlled environment.
What is the difference between axenic and pure?
As adjectives the difference between axenic and pure is that axenic is (biology) containing only a single species of microorganism for example, an "axenic culture" means that a pure sample of the organism in question has been grown while pure is free of flaws or imperfections; unsullied.
What is synchronous growth in microbiology?
Similarly, what is synchronous growth in microbiology? Synchronous growth is the growth of bacteria such that all the bacteria are at the same stage in their growth cycle (e.g., exponential phase, stationary phase). In a normal batch culture of fluid, or on an agar plate, bacteria in the population exhibit a range of sizes, ages, and growth rates.
