What is the IUPAC name of aniline?
Aniline Derivative. Aniline derivatives (occasionally referred to as coal tar analgesics) are strong antipyretics that may exert their antipyretic effects on the thermoregulatory center of the hypothalamus. From: Current Therapy in Pain, 2009. Related terms: Cytochrome P450; Metabolism; Enzyme; Protein; Carcinogen; Xenobiotic Agent; Toxicity; Intoxication; Aniline
What is aniline derivative dye used for?
26/10/2021 · An important derivative of aniline is 4,4′-methylenedianiline (4,4′-MDA). Manufacture is carried out by the acid-catalyzed reaction of formaldehyde with aniline. All processes produce polymeric MDA (PMDA), which consists of mixtures of isomers and oligomers of MDA.
Is aniline organic or inorganic?
13/06/2020 · Term. aniline derivatives. Definition. containing small un colored dyes that combine eith hydrogen perxiode to form larger permanent dye molecules within the cortex. Term.
What is aniline used for?
Aniline and its derivatives: Aniline, chloroanlines, methylanilines, chloromethylanilines: Aromatic compounds: Nitrophenols, chlorinated phenols, phenolic acids (benzoic, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic, salicylic, phenazine-1-carboxylic), aromatic anionic surfactants (alkylbenzenesulfonates) Carboxylic acids
What are aniline analgesics?
Step 1. Non-opioid analgesics are derived from three types of compounds: aniline derivatives, such as paracetamol; aspirin and other acidic NSAIDs; and non-acidic pyrazole drugs such as phenylbutazone and dipyrone. Paracetamol works at the supraspinal level by an as yet unknown mechanism.
How is aniline formed?
Aniline is prepared commercially by the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene or by the action of ammonia on chlorobenzene. The reduction of nitrobenzene can also be carried out with iron borings in aqueous acid. A primary aromatic amine, aniline is a weak base and forms salts with mineral acids.
What is structure of aniline?
C6H5NH2Aniline/FormulaAnilines – Structure Aniline, also known as aminobenzene or phenylamine, has 6 carbon (C) atoms, 7 hydrogen (H) atoms, and 1 nitrogen (N) atom in its chemical formula of C6H7N or C6H5NH2. Because aniline has an amino group in its structure, it is also an amine, hence it is classified as an aromatic amine.
Which functional group is present in aniline?
amino groupThe functional group of aniline is the amino group -NH2. The amino group is attached to one of the carbons in the aromatic benzene ring.19-Nov-2021
Is aniline a heterocyclic compound?
Aniline also has one nitrogen atom outside the carbon ring. That's why aniline is also not a heterocyclic compound.
What is the common name of aniline?
aminobenzeneAniline is commonly known as aminobenzene. The chemical formula of aniline is C6H5NH2or C6H7N.
How is aniline best described?
Aniline is an organic compound with the formula C6H5NH2. Consisting of a phenyl group attached to an amino group, aniline is the simplest aromatic amine. ... Like most volatile amines, it has the odor of rotten fish. It ignites readily, burning with a smoky flame characteristic of aromatic compounds.
How do you identify aniline?
Aniline appears as a yellowish to brownish oily liquid with a musty fishy odor. Melting point -6°C; boiling point 184°C; flash point 158°F. Denser than water (8.5 lb / gal) and slightly soluble in water. Vapors heavier than air.
What are the properties of aniline?
Physical properties Aniline is a colourless to brown, oily liquid which darkens on exposure to air and light. It has a characteristic amine odour (detectable at 0.6 to 10 ppm ) and burning taste. Hygroscopic. Moderately soluble in water.22-Nov-2021
What is the pH of aniline?
Aniline pKb=9.4. Aniline in solution of its hydrochloride is in form of conjugate acid. To calculate pH of such solution we have to find pKa for aniline and treat it like weak acid.
Is aniline an Iupac name?
PhenylamineAniline/IUPAC ID
How do you find the molarity of an aniline?
The molarity is: 0.37(g HCl / g aq. sol.)
What type of melanin gives blonde and red colors to the hair?
Hair color is determined by the amount of a pigment called melanin in hair. An abundance of one type of melanin, called eumelanin, gives people black or brown hair. An abundance of another pigment, called pheomelanin, gives people red hair.
Why are on the scalp lighteners popular?
Cream and oil lighteners are the most popular type of lighteners because they are easy to apply. Oil lighteners are the mildest type, appropriate when only one or two levels of lift are desired. Because they are so mild, they are also used professionally to lighten dark facial and body hair.
What is a conditioner filler?
Term. Conditioner Fillers. Definition. Used to recondition damaged, overly porous hair, and equalize porosity so that the hair accpets the color evenly from strand to strand and scalp to ends.
What are the two processes involved in double process hair coloring?
Plus, it's also great for the home hair colorist. Double Process is typically used when lightening hair by more than two shades. First the hair is bleached to remove natural or colored hair pigments, and then pigment is added into the hair to create the desired shade.
What color is aniline?
Aniline appears as a yellowish to brownish oily liquid with a musty fishy odor. Melting point -6°C; boiling point 184°C; flash point 158°F. Denser than water (8.5 lb / gal) and slightly soluble in water.
How is aniline formed?
Benzene to nitrobenzene The benzene is treated with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulphuric acid at a temperature not exceeding 50°C. The mixture is held at this temperature for about half an hour. Yellow oily nitrobenzene is formed.
Does aniline dissolve in water?
Hygroscopic. Moderately soluble in water. Aniline is miscible with alcohol, benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, acetone, and most organic solvents.
How long does glucuronide last?
The half-life is approximately 2 to 4 hours, and the primary site of biotransformation (by glucuronide conjugation) is the liver. A highly reactive and hepatotoxic intermediate metabolite, N-acetyl- p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI), is usually of little significance.
When was acetaminophen first discovered?
Chemistry and Classification. The history of acetaminophen dates back to the late 1800s, when the antipyretic activity of aniline derivatives was discovered and several congeners, including acetaminophen, were synthesized.
Is acetaminophen a metabolite?
For some reason, two other aniline derivatives, acetanilid and phenacetin, became popular, and acetaminophen was not used. Chemists eventually realized that acetaminophen was an active metabolite of both of these drugs, but it was not until the mid-1900s that acetaminophen became commercially successful.
How soon can you give N-acetylcysteine?
However, to be effective, N-acetylcysteine must be administered as soon as possible and ideally within 10 h. At present, acetaminophen overdose presents a more dangerous and difficult management problem than does aspirin overdose.
Does acetaminophen affect the respiratory system?
At therapeutic doses, acetaminophen has little if any effect on the cardiovascular or respiratory systems.
How deep are Archimedes' grooves?
Typically the groove width and depth can vary in the range from 1 to 3 mm and from 0.1 to 0.5 mm, respectively. Though the two grooves must face each other, they can differ in depth.
Does acetaminophen cause uric acid?
Acetaminophen does not inhibit platelet aggregation, cause occult bleeding or gastric irritation, affect uric acid excretion, or have as many drug interactions as aspirin. In overdose, the organ most affected is the liver. Acute renal toxicity may also occur.
What is the simplest of the primary aromatic amines?
Aniline (benzenamine) is the simplest of the primary aromatic amines. Aromatic amines can be produced by reduction of the corresponding nitro compound, the ammonolysis of an aromatic halide or phenol, and by direct amination of the aromatic ring. At present, the catalytic reduction of nitrobenzene is the predominant process for manufacture ...
Is aniline a class B poison?
Aniline is shipped in tank truck and tank car quantities and is classified by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) as a Class B poison (UN 1547), and must carry a poison label.
What is the smell of aniline?
Pure, freshly distilled aniline is a colorless, oily liquid that darkens on exposure to light and air. It has a characteristic sweet, amine‐like aromatic odor. Aromatic amines are usually weaker bases than aliphatic amines.
Is aniline a hazardous waste?
Wastes contaminated with aniline may be listed as RCRA Hazardous Waste. Aniline is highly toxic and may be fatal if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. Aniline vapor is mildly irritating to the eye, and in liquid form it can be a severe eye irritant and cause corneal damage.
What is the flash point of aniline?
The predominant process for manufacture of aniline is the catalytic reduction of nitrobenzene with hydrogen. The flash point of aniline (70°C) is well above its normal storage temperature, but aniline should be stored and used in areas with minimum fire hazard. Aniline is slightly corrosive to some metals.
What is aniline used for?
The major uses of aniline are in the manufacture of polymers, rubber, agricultural chemicals, dyes and pigments, pharmaceuticals, and photographic chemicals. Most derivatives of aniline are prepared by hydrogenation of their nitroaromatic precursors. An important derivative of aniline is 4,4′‐methylenedianiline (4,4′‐MDA).
What is the derivative of aniline?
An important derivative of aniline is 4,4′‐methylenedianiline (4,4′‐MDA). Manufacture is carried out by the acid‐catalyzed reaction of formaldehyde with aniline. All processes produce polymeric MDA (PMDA), which consists of mixtures of isomers and oligomers of MDA.
Why is the nitrogen lone pair in aniline more flatter than that in an aliphatic amine?
The amino group in aniline is much flatter than that in an aliphatic amine, which is because of the conjugation of the lone pair of electrons along with the aryl substituent.
What is aniline used for?
Aniline is a type of organic base which is used in the making of several dyes, explosives, plastics, drugs, and rubber, and photographic chemicals. Anilines are the organic compounds that lie in the class of groups coming in the organic chemistry that is referred to as aminobenzene or phenylamine. These compounds are known to be toxic ...
Is aniline a liquid?
It is a chemical substance that is a flammable liquid and has a very unpleasant odour. The compound of aniline is soluble in water which is colourless to light brown. Its chemical formula is C6H5NH2 or C6H7N. Since it consists of 6 carbon atoms, 7 hydrogen atoms, and 1 nitrogen atom in its chemical formula, it is an organic compound. ...
Why are anilines weak?
Also, the weaker basicity of anilines is due to the inductive effect from the electronegative sp2 carbon atom and the resonance effects, as the electron lone pair of nitrogen is delocalized partially into the pi system of a benzene ring. 2.
What is the formula for aniline compounds?
The aniline compounds are known to have the formula C6H5NH2 in which the amino group is attached to the phenyl group.
Is phenylamine an organic compound?
Since it consists of 6 carbon atoms, 7 hydrogen atoms, and 1 nitrogen atom in its chemical formula, it is an organic compound. Today, we will learn about what is anilines, the phenylamine structure, its physical properties and uses.
What is the structure of benzenamine?
Given below is the aminobenzene structure. The structure of benzenamine has a pyramidal shaped molecule and has a nitrogen hybridization which lies in between sp3 and sp2. Due to this, the nitrogen lone pair lies in an spx hybrid orbital and has a high p character.
Why is aniline yellow?
Likewise, it is also prone to oxidation: while freshly purified aniline is an almost colorless oil, exposure to air results in gradual darkening of the sample (to yellow or red) due to the formation of strongly colored, oxidized impurities.
What is the chemical formula for aniline?
Chemical compound. Not to be confused with the amino acid Alanine. Aniline is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 N H 2. Consisting of a phenyl group attached to an amino group, aniline is the simplest aromatic amine. It is an industrially significant commodity chemical, as well as a versatile starting material for fine chemical synthesis.
When was nitrobenzene first reduced?
The reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline was first performed by Nikolay Zinin in 1842, using inorganic sulfide as a reductant ( Zinin reaction ). The reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline was also performed as part of reductions by Antoine Béchamp in 1854, using iron as the reductant ( Bechamp reduction ).
Who was the first person to use aniline oil?
In 1840, Carl Julius Fritzsche (1808–1871) treated indigo with caustic potash and obtained an oil that he named aniline, after an indigo-yielding plant, anil ( Indigofera suffruticosa ). In 1842, Nikolay Nikolaevich Zinin reduced nitrobenzene and obtained a base that he named benzidam.
Is aniline a pyramidal molecule?
Aniline is a slightly pyramidalized molecule, with hybridization of the nitrogen somewhere between sp 3 and sp 2. As a result, the nitrogen lone pair is in an sp x hybrid orbital with high p character. The amino group in aniline is flatter (i.e., it is a "shallower pyramid") than that in an aliphatic amine, owing to conjugation of the lone pair with the aryl substituent. The observed geometry reflects a compromise between two competing factors: 1) stabilization of the N lone pair in an orbital with significant s character favors pyramidalization (orbitals with s character are lower in energy), while 2) delocalization of the N lone pair into the aryl ring favors planarity (a lone pair in a pure p orbital gives the best overlap with the orbitals of the benzene ring π system).
What acid gives chloranil?
Hydrochloric acid and potassium chlorate give chloranil. Potassium permanganate in neutral solution oxidizes it to nitrobenzene; in alkaline solution to azobenzene, ammonia, and oxalic acid; in acid solution to aniline black. Hypochlorous acid gives 4-aminophenol and para-amino diphenylamine.
When was the first synthetic dye made?
In 1856 , while trying to synthesise quinine, von Hofmann 's student William Henry Perkin discovered mauveine and went into industry producing the first commercial synthetic dye. Other aniline dyes followed, such as fuchsin, safranin, and induline. At the time of mauveine's discovery, aniline was expensive. Soon thereafter, applying a method reported in 1854 by Antoine Béchamp, it was prepared "by the ton". The Béchamp reduction enabled the evolution of a massive dye industry in Germany. Today, the name of BASF, originally Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik (English: Baden Aniline and Soda Factory), now the largest chemical supplier, echoes the legacy of the synthetic dye industry, built via aniline dyes and extended via the related azo dyes. The first azo dye was aniline yellow.
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Abstract
Aniline (benzenamine) is the simplest of the primary aromatic amines. Aromatic amines can be produced by reduction of the corresponding nitro compound, the ammonolysis of an aromatic halide or phenol, and by direct amination of the aromatic ring.
Anilines Structure C6h5nh2structure
- Given below is the aminobenzene structure. (image will be uploaded soon) The structure of benzenamine has a pyramidal shaped molecule and has a nitrogen hybridization which lies in between sp3and sp2. Due to this, the nitrogen lone pair lies in an spxhybrid orbital and has a high p character. The amino group in aniline is much flatter than that in an aliphatic amine, which is b…
Anilines Physical Properties
- Let us discuss the physical properties of anilines which are given below. 1. The boiling of aniline is 184.13 °C and its melting point is −6.3 °C. 2. The compound of aniline is slightly soluble in water and many times freely soluble in the chemicals like alcohol and ether. 3. This organic compound turns darker when it is exposed to light and air. 4. It is known to be a weak base and when it reac…
Anilines Reactions
- Let us now take a look at some of the reactions of anilines and the aniline compounds. 1. Oxidation Reaction:Oxidation reactions of the anilines compounds tend to lead to the formation of the carbon-nitrogen bonds. 2. Basicity:Anilines are weaker bases and on reacting with stronger acids, the compounds form anilinium ions. 3. Acylation:In the acylation reaction, anilines tend to …
Anilines Uses
- Anilines are used in various fields of science and everyday life. Some of the uses of anilines are given below. 1. Anilines have their uses in the rubber industry to process the rubber chemicals and products like car tyres, gloves, balloons, etc. 2. It is also used as a dyeing agent for the manufacturing of clothes like jeans, etc. 3. It is used for the production of drugs, for example, pa…
Overview
Aniline is an organic compound with the formula C6H5NH2. Consisting of a phenyl group attached to an amino group, aniline is the simplest aromatic amine. It is an industrially significant commodity chemical, as well as a versatile starting material for fine chemical synthesis. Its main use is in the manufacture of precursors to polyurethane, dyes, and other industrial chemicals. Like most volatile amines, it has the odor of rotten fish. It ignitesreadily, burning with a smoky flame c…
Structure
In aniline, the C−N bond length is 1.41 Å, compared to 1.47 Å for cyclohexylamine, indicating partial π-bonding between N and C. The C(aryl)-NH2 distance in anilines is highly sensitive to substituent effects. This distance is 1.34 Å in 2,4,6-trinitroaniline vs 1.44 Å in 3-methylaniline.
The amine in anilines is a slightly pyramidalized molecule, with hybridization of the nitrogen somewhere between sp and sp . The nitrogen is described as having high p character. The amin…
Production
Industrial aniline production involves two steps. First, benzene is nitrated with a concentrated mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid at 50 to 60 °C to yield nitrobenzene. The nitrobenzene is then hydrogenated (typically at 200–300 °C) in the presence of metal catalysts:
The reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline was first performed by Nikolay Zinin in 1842, using inorganic sulfide as a reductant (Zinin reaction). The reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline was al…
Reactions
The chemistry of aniline is rich because the compound has been cheaply available for many years. Below are some classes of its reactions.
The oxidation of aniline has been heavily investigated, and can result in reactions localized at nitrogen or more commonly results in the formation of new C-N bonds. In alkaline solution, azobenzene results, whereas arsenic acid produces the violet-coloring matter violaniline. Chromi…
Uses
Aniline is predominantly used for the preparation of methylenedianiline and related compounds by condensation with formaldehyde. The diamines are condensed with phosgene to give methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, a precursor to urethane polymers.
Other uses include rubber processing chemicals (9%), herbicides (2%), and dyes and pigments (2%). As additives to rubber, aniline derivatives such as phenylenediamines and diphenylamine, are anti…
History
Aniline was first isolated in 1826 by Otto Unverdorben by destructive distillation of indigo. He called it Crystallin. In 1834, Friedlieb Runge isolated a substance from coal tar that turned a beautiful blue color when treated with chloride of lime. He named it kyanol or cyanol. In 1840, Carl Julius Fritzsche (1808–1871) treated indigo with caustic potash and obtained an oil that he named aniline, after an indigo-yielding plant, anil (Indigofera suffruticosa). In 1842, Nikolay Nikolaevich …
Toxicology and testing
Aniline is toxic by inhalation of the vapour, ingestion, or percutaneous absorption. The IARC lists it in Group 3 (not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans) due to the limited and contradictory data available. The early manufacture of aniline resulted in increased incidents of bladder cancer, but these effects are now attributed to naphthylamines, not anilines.
Aniline has been implicated as one possible cause of forest dieback.
See also
• Toxic oil syndrome