What is a organum in music?
- parallel organum. no real second voice exists/parallel motion/two voices usually at a perfect 5th or 4th.
- converging organum. oblique motion/both start on the same note, separate, and then come back together at the end.
- free organum. contrary motion.
- melismatic organum.
- organum purum.
- discant.
What is an organum?
As the Latin form of the Greek ὄργανον (organon: “tool,” “instrument,” “systematic principle”), the word organumrefers most typically to a specimen of vocal polyphony, especially one that has a preexisting liturgical chant as one of its voices.
What is organum purum in music?
Organum purum is one of three styles of organum, which is used in section where the chant is syllabic thus where the tenor can not be modal. As soon as the chant uses ligatures, the tenor becomes modal and it will have become discant, which is the second form.
What does organ mean in music?
Organ (music) In music, the organ is a keyboard instrument of one or more pipe divisions or other means for producing tones, each played with its own keyboard, played either with the hands on a keyboard or with the feet using pedals.
What is the difference between melody and organum?
Thus the melody would be heard as the principal voice, the vox organalis as an accompaniment or harmonic reinforcement. This kind of organum is now usually called parallel organum, although terms such as sinfonia or diaphonia were used in early treatises.
What is an organum?
Definition of organum 1 : early polyphony of the late Middle Ages that consists of one or more voice parts accompanying the cantus firmus often in parallel motion at a fourth, fifth, or octave above or below also : a composition in this style. 2 : organon.
What is organum and its importance?
Organum is a musical style based on plainchant. While one voice sings the primary chant melody, at least one other voice sings along to enhance the harmony. This style is important to musicians, particularly music theorists, because it served as the basis for the development of true counterpoint.
What is an organum and how is it performed?
Organum (/ˈɔːrɡənəm/) is, in general, a plainchant melody with at least one added voice to enhance the harmony, developed in the Middle Ages.
What are the 3 types of organum?
#1 - Strict Simple Organum #2 - Strict Composite Organum #3 - Modified Parallel Organum #4 - Free Organum These examples come from the CD set of the Stolba Music History textbook.
Which term best describes organum music?
Organum. Medieval polyphony that consists of gregorian chant and one or more additional melodic lines.
What is an organum in medieval music?
organum, plural Organa, originally, any musical instrument (later in particular an organ); the term attained its lasting sense, however, during the Middle Ages in reference to a polyphonic (many-voiced) setting, in certain specific styles, of Gregorian chant.
How do you make organum?
0:171:22Organum and Gregorian Chant Tutorial - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipThe first step is to rule a staff at a cliff and then pick a mode. We will use C Ionian mode forMoreThe first step is to rule a staff at a cliff and then pick a mode. We will use C Ionian mode for this piece. No time signature is needed in this style.
What is Gregorian chant and organum?
Multi-voice elaborations of Gregorian chant, known as organum, were an early stage in the development of Western polyphony. Gregorian chant was traditionally sung by choirs of men and boys in churches, or by men and women of religious orders in their chapels.
What is the difference between chant and organum?
Notre Dame Organum sets the solo sections of the responsorial chants of the Mass and Office. The organum is highly melismatic; can be for 2, 3, or 4 voices; chant is always in the lowest voice called the Tenor. Long held notes in the Tenor except for places where a melisma appears in the chant (see Clausula below).
What is Renaissance organum?
Guide: Vocal Music in the Medieval and Renaissance Periods. Organum is a genre of Medieval polyphonic music (music with two or more simultaneous, different voice parts) that reached the peak of its sophistication during the late 1100s-early 1200s in France.
What is the difference between motet and organum?
The motet probably arose from the addition of text to the long melismatic passages of organum. The motet took a definite rhythm from the words of the verse, and as such appeared as a brief rhythmic interlude in the middle of the longer, more chantlike organum.
Who created organum?
The brilliant cycle of organum created over several decades by Leonin, Perotin, and their fellow composers at the Cathedral of Notre Dame and other Parisian churches 'for the enhancement of the Divine Service', as the English writer Anonymous IV puts it, circulated throughout 13th-century Europe.
What is the organum purum?
Organum purum is one of three styles of organum, which is used in section where the chant is syllabic thus where the tenor can not be modal. As soon as the chant uses ligatures, the tenor becomes modal and it will have become discant, which is the second form.
Who were the two founders of organum?
The history of organum would not be complete without two of its greatest innovators, Léonin and Pérotin. These two men were "the first international composers of polyphonic music". The innovations of Léonin and Pérotin mark the development of the rhythmic modes.
What does "instrument" mean in Latin?
^ Latin: "an implement, instrument, engine of any kind", of musical instruments, "a pipe", of hydraulic engines, "an organ, water-organ"; "an implement, instrument"; "a musical instrument" from Greek: ὄργανον, [organon] "instrument, implement, tool, for making or doing a thing" "organ of sense or apprehension", "musical instrument", "surgical instrument", "work or product", "instrument of philosophy" "instrument or table of calculations" .
What is the duplum line?
Starting from a consonant, mostly the octave, sometimes lead in by 7–8 over 1, the duplum line explores the harmonious interplay with the tenor, building up to a change of harmony at the end of a melisma where another syllable is produced at a different pitch.
What was the center of musical composition in the 12th and 13th centuries?
The Cathedral of Notre-Dame and the University of Paris served as the center of musical composition and as a transmitter of musical theory in the 12th and 13th centuries. The presence of Léonin and Pérotin at the Notre-Dame School made Paris the centre of the musical world in the 12th century.
What is the vox organalis in a parallel chant?
For parallel singing, the original chant would be the upper voice, vox principalis; the vox organalis was at a parallel perfect interval below, usually a fourth. Thus the melody would be heard as the principal voice, the vox organalis as an accompaniment or harmonic reinforcement.
What is the key concept behind the creative outburst that manifested in the 11th and 12th centuries
As key-concept behind the creative outburst that manifested in the 11th and 12th centuries is the vertical and harmonic expansion of dimension, as the strongly resonant harmony of organum magnified the splendour of the celebration and heightened its solemnity.
What is the organum of a song?
Organum was originally improvised with one singer performing a written melody (the vox principalis), and a second singer improvising the harmony (the vox organalis) in fifth and fourth intervals. Using this method, this form was considered heterophonic, meaning only one voice or melody was carried by the song.
What is the origin of the organum?
Organum is an early Medieval form of plainsong, or plainchant (e.g. Gregorian chanting) that has it's origins from 9th Century France. In it's beginnings, organum was sung with at least one voice added to create harmony, usually a perfect fifth or fourth. Organum was originally improvised with one singer performing a written melody (the vox principalis), and a second singer improvising the harmony (the vox organalis) in fifth and fourth intervals. Using this method, this form was considered heterophonic, meaning only one voice or melody was carried by the song. True polyphony was reached later through the development of parallel oganum and then free organum which utilizes parallel motion and oblique motion (upper voice moving while the tenor holds one note). Organum can be said to have graduated into florid organum which uses anywhere from two to six notes in the organal voice sung over a single sustained note by the tenor voice. <br>
What is the organ in music?
Organ (music) In music, the organ is a keyboard instrument of one or more pipe divisions or other means for producing tones, each played with its own keyboard, played either with the hands on a keyboard or with the feet using pedals.
Why is the church organ called the classical organ?
It may be called a church organ or classical organ to differentiate it from the theatre organ, which is a different style of instrument. However, as classical organ repertoire was developed for the pipe organ and in turn influenced its development, the line between a church and a concert organ became harder to draw.
How are little barrel organs controlled?
These are controlled by mechanical means such as pinned barrels or book music. Little barrel organs dispense with the hands of an organist and bigger organs are powered in most cases by an organ grinder or today by other means such as an electric motor .
What are non-piped organs?
Non-piped organs include: pump organs, named also reed organs or harmoniums, which like the accordion and harmonica (or "mouth organ") use air to excite free reeds; electronic organs (both analog and digital ), notably the Hammond organ, which generate electronically produced sound through one or more loudspeakers.
How many pipes are there in an organ?
Pipe organs range in size from a single short keyboard to huge instruments with over 10,000 pipes. A large modern organ typically has three or four keyboards ( manuals) with five octaves (61 notes) each, and a two-and-a-half octave (32-note) pedal board .
What is the organ repertoire?
In music, the organ is a keyboard instrument of one or more pipe divisions or other means for producing tones, each played with its own keyboard, played either with the hands on a keyboard or with the feet using pedals.
When did the clonewheel organ become popular?
Its popularity resurged in pop music around 2000, in part due to the availability of clonewheel organs that were light enough for one person to carry.
