The nature of laser heating is to change the internal microstructure of metal by energy absorption. The metal absorptivity of laser light is a critical factor that influences the deformation process.
What is laser heating?
- TWI What is laser heating? In this process the laser is used to heat the surface of materials. Any subsurface heating is accomplished by conduction. For intensity values up to about 1x10 4 W/cm 2, the absorbed power depends on the wavelength ( λ), the material (and its surface condition).
Why choose Toyotomi laser heaters?
It is also the perfect solution for those hard-to-heat rooms or areas. Laser Heaters are also ideal for heating summer homes or cabins, and are certified for installation in mobile homes and manufactured housing. More than half a million satisfied customers trust their home’s heat to Toyotomi.
How is laser light absorbed and heated?
Any subsurface heating is accomplished by conduction. For intensity values up to about 1x10 4 W/cm 2, the absorbed power depends on the wavelength ( λ), the material (and its surface condition). Generally, as the material temperature increases, so does the absorption of laser light.
What are the processing parameters of laser heat treatment?
The most relevant processing parameters are the laser power and the beam/material interaction time. In metals, local surface heating is very rapid and produces a thin hot layer on a relatively cool bulk material. This conducts heat away from the surface very quickly.
How does a laser heater work?
In a laser heating process, energy is stored in the substrate during the heating cycle through internal energy gain of the substrate material and the stored energy is removed during the cooling cycle of the process.
How much does a Toyostove cost?
Toyostoves generally cost between $1,000 and $3,000. The heaters are made by a company in Japan called TOYOTOMI.
How efficient is a Toyo stove?
The cost to operate a TOYOTOMI vented heating system is so economical that owners enjoy annual savings of up to 50% over conventional heating systems. A TOYOTOMI heater can pay for itself in just a few short years. Most conventional oil-fired heating systems only run at peak efficiency 20% of the time.
What is a TOYOTOMI heater?
Toyotomi sealed combustion direct vent heating systems (TOYOSTOVE, Laser, and OIL MISER models) are the most fuel-efficient, energy saving, heating systems available (use up to 50% less fuel for heating the same area) and have substantially lower emissions (up to 50% less CO²) than traditional oil-fired heating systems ...
What is the smallest Toyostove?
Toyostove Laser 300The Toyostove Laser 300 is the smallest output wall furnace available from Toyotomi. The Toyostove Laser 300 can heat up to 720 Sq. Ft. of living space for a fraction of alternative heat sources.
What does EE 6 mean on a Toyostove?
EE2 and EE6 The EE2 code means that the flame sensor did not detect a flame during the ignition and pre-heat stage. The EE6 code means that the flame sensor has lost flame contact twice after the unit reached the normal burning stage.
Do kerosene heaters need to be vented?
Adequate ventilation is necessary for safe operation of the kerosene heater. Burning kerosene consumes oxygen and produces carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and other gases.
What is a kerosene Monitor heater?
Kerosene oil, commonly used with kerosene lanterns, is used to fuel monitor heaters. A monitor heater is an oil-fueled, forced-air home heating system that capitalizes on the principle that hot air rises.
Are Toyotomi heaters good?
The revolutionary TOYOTOMI Laser Direct Vent Heaters, with their whisper-quiet comfort, safety and dependability, are the most popular, best-selling, direct vent heating systems in Alaska.
What is an oil miser?
The Oil Miser combines the most advanced technology with the economy of kerosene heating. It features a simplified digital control panel that displays room temperature, temperature settings, time, and error codes.
How good are kerosene heaters?
Among portable heating devices, kerosene heaters are fast becoming the preferred choice for keeping warm. Not only are they more efficient than other heat sources, but they also produce more heat, require less ventilation, and use kerosene as a fuel source, which is both cheap and readily available.
Why is laser heating important?
The nature of laser heating is to change the internal microstructure of metal by the energy absorption. The metal absorptivity of laser light is a critical factor that influences the deformation process, and the copper absorptivity of laser light is almost independent on temperature [2]. When the micro specimen is heated up by laser beam, it is assumed to achieve an even distribution of temperature due to the excellent thermal conductivity of pure copper.
What laser is used to process metal?
One of the most two common lasers used in metal processing is the Nd: YAG laser (the other one is the CO 2) operating in the near infrared just outside the visible wavelength region [36]. The spot size of the laser can be controlled by the distance from the lens to specimen surface.
What temperature is used for HAMR?
At the same time, during the HAMR process the magnetic recording medium needs to be heated to temperatures above its Curie temperature TC, which for high-anisotropy HAMR materials such as FePt, CoPt, or SmCo 5 lies in a high-temperature range between ∼750 to ∼1000 K [ 28 ]. The idea behind is to substantially reduce the magnetic coercitivity of the recording medium during the writing process, so that it is possible to use as small as possible write magnetic fields to induce a new magnetic state during the cooling process. Engineering challenges are thus the incorporation of small laser diodes in recording heads, achieving high enough temperatures with tightly focused laser beams, as well as efficient control of heat dissipation. In this context, there have been also attempts to reduce the high TC of the recording layers with doping. In one example, Ni was used as doping to reduce the TC of FePt; however, at the same time the anisotropy decreases [ 41 ]. While the HAMR process can be seen as an analog of magneto-optical recording [ 42, 43 ], the very first generation of commercially available HAMR hard drives are expected to take advantage of a magnetoresistive element for the readout of magnetic information, as sketched in Fig. 9.2 C. The technical feasibility of HAMR using this approach was first demonstrated in 2006 [ 44 ]. This was followed by a demonstration of a storage density of ∼1 Tb/in 2 and a working prototype of noncommercial HAMR hard drive in 2013 [ 45 ]. Most recently, HAMR recording at an areal density of about 1.4 Tb/in 2 was achieved using plasmonic near-field transducers and high anisotropy granular FePt media [ 29 ]. It should be mentioned that other approaches of energy-assisted magnetic recording besides HAMR, such as microwave-assisted magnetic recording (MAMR), are currently being explored at the fundamental level [ 46, 47 ]. The key idea behind MAMR is to replace laser heating by an AC magnetic field of high frequency applied on the recording layer, and in this way increase the effectiveness of the writing process by promoting reversal of the bit magnetization [ 48, 49 ].
What is HAMR in writing?
HAMR takes advantage of thermal laser heating of the magnetic medium to write data using moderate recording fields, which in practical applications of today's recording technology are limited to about 2.4 Tesla because of several technological challenges [ 40 ]. The applied magnetic field combined with a focused laser spot allows to reverse the magnetization of the grains within the heated area, and the process is fundamentally distinct from conventional LMR and PMR technologies (see Fig. 9.2 ). In consequence, the overall HAMR process allows to use materials with even smaller grain size and much higher coercitivity at room temperature, which not only improves the long-term stability of the magnetic information but also allows writing bits on a much smaller area than before. Moreover, as the writing process occurs at elevated temperature, a potential advantage of HAMR is that there is much less compromise between the room temperature high saturation bit magnetization and the maximum possible magnetic field that can be applied using conventional writing heads.
What is the best way to heat a microform?
Laser heating and resistance heating are two heating methods that are commonly used in heat-assisted microforming processes. Laser radiation provides the most suitable choice for the purpose of heating the material during microforming process as it offers several advantages in comparison to other methods, including [35]: (1) the laser energy input and thus the resulting temperature in the workpiece can be easily controlled via the current of a diode laser; (2) local heating of selected areas of the workpiece is possible, allowing to limit the heating to the forming zone; (3) needed temperature gradients can be achieved by control of laser power; (4) the absorption of laser radiation allows short processing time which cannot be accomplished with heat transfer from pre-heated tools; and (5) material properties can be manipulated by controlling the down cooling time via laser power. The principal of laser-assisted microforming is schematically shown in Fig. 2.17.
What is HAMR in magnetic recording?
Fig. 9.2. Sketches comparing (A) longitudinal magnetic recording (LMR), (B) perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR), and (C) heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) technologies. In LMR and PMR, the data bits are aligned parallel and perpendicular to the surface of the disk, respectively. The latter configuration reduces the repelling forces between bits and enables higher write magnetic fields, allowing higher areal recording densities. HAMR uses thermal laser heating of the magnetic medium to write data at high temperatures, enabling the use of smaller write magnetic fields and thus magnetic recording layers with smaller grain size and higher anisotropy. This not only improves the long-term stability of the magnetic information but also allows to further increase the areal bit density.
Why is the scanning speed of a laser higher?
This is because of the internal energy gain of the substrate material, which is high in the region in front of the laser source. Moreover, as the scanning speed increases, the magnitude of temperature away from the laser heating source reduces.
High Power Diode Laser – The Perfect UHV Heater
Temperature is one of the most important physical parameters for the epitaxial growth of thin films. Generating high temperatures in UHV applications is always a compromise between the requirements of the process and the available heat sources suitable for these temperature and process conditions.
Substrate Manipulator
For PLD applications, the laser heater is integrated into a SURFACE substrate manipulator with precision, backlash-free adjustments for rotation, tilt, and height of the substrate:
The Main Features of Diode Laser Heating
Temperature of a 10×10×0.5 mm 3 Si substrate, heated by the SURFACE Laser Heater system. Note that the temperature follows precisely the programmed setpoint!
CO 2 Laser Heater
Many commonly-used oxide substrate materials such as SrTiO 3, Al 2 O 3, or rare earth scandates are transparent in the near-infrared range. If backside coating is not acceptable because of its complications and limitations, CO 2 laser heating may be a suitable alternative.
What is a Toyotomi direct vent heater?
The revolutionary Toyotomi Laser Direct Vent Heaters, with their whisper-quiet comfort, safety and dependability, are the most popular, best-selling, direct vent heating systems in Alaska. With multiple options to choose from, a Laser Direct Vent Heater can often heat an entire home. It is also the perfect solution for those hard-to-heat rooms or areas. Laser Heaters are also ideal for heating summer homes or cabins, and are certified for installation in mobile homes and manufactured housing. More than half a million satisfied customers trust their home’s heat to Toyotomi.
Can a laser heater be used in a mobile home?
It is also the perfect solution for those hard-to-heat rooms or areas. Laser Heaters are also ideal for heating summer homes or cabins, and are certified for installation in mobile homes and manufactured housing. More than half a million satisfied customers trust their home’s heat to Toyotomi.
