condenser
- (Chemistry) a. an apparatus for reducing gases to their liquid or solid form by the abstraction of heat b. ...
- (General Physics) a lens that concentrates light into a small area
- (Electronics) another term for capacitor
Full Answer
What is the function of the condenser?
How do you test an ignition condenser?
- Remove the condenser from the engine. …
- Switch the volt ohmmeter to the ohms position. …
- Touch the red lead to the hot connector on the condenser. …
- Remove the leads and reverse the placement to the condenser. …
- Movement from the meter’s needle indicates the condenser is good.
What is the purpose of the condenser?
Distillation can be further divided into four types:
- Simple Distillation: In this, two liquid components are separated, given a significant difference in the temperature at which each of them converts into vapours.
- Steam Distillation: Instead of liquids, heat-sensitive components get separated in this.
- Fractional Distillation: Crude oil’s hydrocarbon fractions are separated by this process.
How does a condenser work?
How does a condenser work? Inside the condenser, the refrigerant vapor is compressed and forced through a heat exchange coil, condensing it into a liquid and rejecting the heat previously absorbed from the cool indoor area. The condenser’s heat exchanger is generally cooled by a fan blowing outside air through it. Why does water go in at the bottom of a condenser?
What is a laboratory condenser?
In a laboratory, a condenser is a piece of laboratory glassware used to cool hot vapors or liquids. A condenser usually consists of a large glass tube containing a smaller glass tube running its entire length, within which the hot fluids pass.
What is a condenser used for in chemistry?
In chemistry, a condenser is laboratory apparatus used to condense vapors — that is, turn them into liquids — by cooling them down. Condensers are routinely used in laboratory operations such as distillation, reflux, and extraction.
What is the function of condenser in simple distillation?
Liquid compounds can be separated from one another by the differences in boiling points of the liquids in a mixture. The purpose of the condenser is to allow the components of the mixture to condense and be collected.
What is air condenser in organic chemistry?
An air condenser is the simplest sort of condenser. There is only one tube, and the heat of the fluid is conducted to the glass, which is cooled by air. It is related to the retort used by alchemists.
Why condenser is used in distillation?
In the process of distillation, a liquid is converted into its vapor and the vapor is then condensed back to liquid on cooling. The condenser has a jacket with two outlets through which water is circulated. Hence, to provide efficient cooling, a condenser is used.
What is the function of the water condenser during the activity?
A water-cooled condenser is a heat exchanger that transfers heat from the air to the water. The outside of a tube has the refrigerant vapor condense on it. Vapor condenses and gives up heat to the water inside the tube.
How do you make a condenser?
0:176:49How to Build an EASY Pot Still Condenser! - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipAnd an outlet. Or an in yeah an inlet. And an outlet. This is a very simple build it doesn't takeMoreAnd an outlet. Or an in yeah an inlet. And an outlet. This is a very simple build it doesn't take much time it doesn't cost a whole lot. And damn near everything is available at your local hardware.
What is condenser Class 9?
Condenser is a unit or device used for the condensation process. It is also used in different separation methods. Complete answer: Condenser is a cooling unit used in the distillation process.
Why are condensers called that?
Answer: This helps to lower the temperature of the system so that the vapours produced during the reaction can be distilled in liquid form and can easily be collected.May 19, 2021
What are the three functions of a condenser?
There are three very important functions the condenser performs in keeping your air conditioner performing its best. These include rejecting superheated refrigerant gas, condensation, and subcooling refrigerant once it is transformed back into a liquid state.Sep 16, 2020
What is a condenser in distillation column?
a condenser to cool and condense the vapour leaving the top of the column. a reflux drum to hold the condensed vapour from the top of the column so that liquid (reflux) can be recycled back to the column.
Which condenser is used in distillation?
For fractional distillation, an air or Vigreux condenser is usually used to slow the rate at which the hot vapors rise, giving a better separation between the different components in the distillate.Aug 24, 2019
What is the design of a condenser?
Designing and maintaining systems and processes using condensers requires that the heat of the entering vapor never overwhelm the ability of the chosen condenser and cooling mechanism; as well, the thermal gradients and material flows established are critical aspects, and as processes scale from laboratory to pilot plant and beyond , the design of condenser systems becomes a precise engineering science.
What is a condenser used for?
In chemistry, a condenser is laboratory apparatus used to condense vapors — that is, turn them into liquids — by cooling them down. Condensers are routinely used in laboratory operations such as distillation, reflux, and extraction. In distillation, a mixture is heated until the more volatile components boil off, the vapors are condensed, ...
How does a Liebig condenser work?
A distillation setup using a Liebig-type condenser (the tilted double-walled tube at the center). A liquid (not visible) in the flask at left is heated by the blue mantle to the boiling point. The vapor is then cooled as it goes through the inner tube of the condenser. There it becomes liquid again, and drips into the smaller collecting flask at right, immersed in a cooling bath. The two hoses connected to the condenser circulate water through the space between the inner and outer walls.
Why do condensers have to be dimensioned?
The condenser must also be dimensioned so that the condensed liquid can flow out at the maximum rate (mass over time) that the vapor is expected to enter it. Care must also be taken to prevent the boiling liquid to enter the condenser as splattering from explosive boiling, or droplets created as bubbles pop.
What is a laboratory condenser made of?
Laboratory condensers are usually made of glass for chemical resistance, for ease of cleaning, and to allow visual monitoring of the operation; specifically, borosilicate glass to resist thermal shock and uneven heating by the condensing vapor.
Which is more effective, a Dimroth or a Davies condenser?
Dimroth condensers are more effective than conventional coil condensers. They are often found in rotary evaporators . There also exists a version of Dimroth condenser with an external jacket, like in a Davies condenser, to further increase the cooling surface.
Which condenser is more efficient?
The ends of the inner tube, that carries the vapor and condensed liquid, are open. Compared to the simple air-cooled tube, the Liebig condenser is more efficient at removing the heat of condensation and at maintaining the inner surface a stable low temperature.
What is surface condenser?
A surface condenser is one in which condensing medium and vapors are physically separated and used when direct contact is not desired. It is a shell and tube heat exchanger installed at the outlet of every steam turbine in thermal power stations. Commonly, the cooling water flows through the tube side and the steam enters the shell side where the condensation occurs on the outside of the heat transfer tubes. The condensate drips down and collects at the bottom, often in a built-in pan called a hotwell. The shell side often operates at a vacuum or partial vacuum, produced by the difference in specific volume between the steam and condensate. Conversely, the vapor can be fed through the tubes with the coolant water or air flowing around the outside.
What is a condenser coil?
The condenser coil of a refrigerator. In systems involving heat transfer, a condenser is a heat exchanger used to condense a gaseous substance into a liquid state through cooling. In so doing, the latent heat is released by the substance and transferred to the surrounding environment. Condensers are used for efficient heat rejection in many ...
What is a condenser in a water jacket?
In laboratory distillation, reflux, and rotary evaporators, several types of condensers are commonly used. The Liebig condenser is simply a straight tube within a cooling water jacket, and is the simplest (and relatively least expensive) form of condenser. The Graham condenser is a spiral tube within a water jacket, and the Allihn condenser has a series of large and small constrictions on the inside tube, each increasing the surface area upon which the vapor constituents may condense. Being more complex shapes to manufacture, these latter types are also more expensive to purchase. These three types of condensers are laboratory glassware items since they are typically made of glass. Commercially available condensers usually are fitted with ground glass joints and come in standard lengths of 100, 200, and 400 mm. Air-cooled condensers are unjacketed, while water-cooled condensers contain a jacket for the water.
What is the purpose of a condenser in distillation?
Larger condensers are also used in industrial-scale distillation processes to cool distilled vapor into liquid distillate. Commonly, the coolant flows through the tube side and distilled vapor through the shell side with distillate collecting at or flowing out the bottom.
How does a direct contact condenser work?
In a direct-contact condenser, hot vapor and cool liquid are introduced into a vessel and allowed to mix directly , rather than being separated by a barrier such as the wall of a heat exchanger tube. The vapor gives up its latent heat and condenses to a liquid, while the liquid absorbs this heat and undergoes a temperature rise. The entering vapor and liquid typically contain a single condensable substance, such as a water spray being used to cool air and adjust its humidity.
What happens to the condenser during phase changes?
The condenser relies on the efficient heat transfer that occurs during phase changes, in this case during the condensation of a vapor into a liquid. The vapor typically enters the condenser at a temperature above that of the secondary fluid. As the vapor cools, it reaches the saturation temperature, condenses into liquid ...
Why do refrigerators use condensers?
For example, a refrigerator uses a condenser to get rid of heat extracted from the interior of the unit to the outside air. Condensers are used in air conditioning, industrial chemical processes such as distillation, steam power plants and other heat-exchange systems. Use of cooling water or surrounding air as the coolant is common in many ...
What is a condenser in a lab?
Condenser (laboratory) In a laboratory, a condenser is a piece of laboratory glassware used to cool hot vapors or liquids. A condenser usually consists of a large glass tube containing a smaller glass tube running its entire length, within which the hot fluids pass. The ends of the inner glass tube are usually fitted with ground glass joints which ...
What is the simplest type of condenser?
An air condenser is the simplest sort of condenser. There is only one tube, and the heat of the fluid is conducted to the glass, which is cooled by air. It is related to the retort used by alchemists. The air condenser is usually used for fractional distillation, and it can be packed with some material such as glass beads, metal pieces, or Raschig rings to increase the number of effective plates.
Why is a Liebig condenser more efficient than a simple retort?
The Liebig condenser is much more efficient than a simple retort due to its use of liquid cooling. Water can absorb much more heat than the same volume of air, and its constant circulation through the water jacket keeps the condenser's temperature constant. Therefore a Liebig condenser can condense a much greater flow of incoming vapour than an air condenser or retort.
Why do we need a condenser?
Condensers are often used in reflux, where the hot solvent vapors of a liquid being heated are cooled and allowed to drip back. This reduces the loss of solvent allowing the mixture to be heated for extended periods. Condensers are used in distillation to cool the hot vapors, condensing them into liquid for separate collection.
What is a Vigreux condenser?
A Vigreux condenser is a modification of the air condenser. It is usually used as a fractionating column for fractional distillations. Unlike straight-walled columns, a Vigreux column has a series of downward-pointing indentations on the inside wall which serve to dramatically increase the surface area without increasing the length of the condenser. Because of their added complexity, Vigreux columns also tend to considerably more expensive than traditional straight-walled designs.
What is the apparatus used in microscale distillation?
For microscale distillation, there are commercially available apparatus which include the "pot", the Claisen head, and the condenser fused into one-piece. This reduces the hold-up volume, and obviates the need for ground glass joints preventing contamination by grease and air leaks.
What is the end of a glass tube?
The upper end is usually left open to the atmosphere , or vented through a bubbler, or a drying tube to prevent the ingress of water or oxygen.
How does a condenser work?
A condenser creates the lowest possible turbine back pressure by evacuating air from a condenser shell. A liquid ring vacuum pump and/or steam-jet air ejector is used to maintain vacuum in a condenser. Heat liberated from turbine exhaust steam is removed by either water or air, or a combination of these.
What is a condenser used for?
In refrigeration operations, condensers are used to liquefy the high-pressure refrigerant vapor leaving the compressor. Heat exchangers referred to as surface condensers are used to condense the exhaust from steam turbines that generate in-house power for plant operations.
What is the NA of an achromatic condenser?
For critical work, an achromatic condenser which consists of a series of lenses is essential. The NA quoted for Abbé condensers is frequently as high as 1.20 but, due to the lack of correction, the iris diaphragm must be partly closed in order to produce an aplanatic cone of light.
How does an ejector condenser improve system efficiency?
Ejector condensers improve system efficiency by condensing the ejector motive steam and a portion of the saturation vapors to reduce the compression load on the flowing stages in the gas removal system. As for the ejectors, ejector condensers at geothermal steam plants are typically fabricated from Type 316L stainless steel.
What type of condenser is used for critical work?
For critical work a three-lens type of Abbé achromatic condenser may be used but for the best results an aplanatic condenser should be selected. The maximum working NA of the objective/condenser system is then obtained.
Why do condenser tubes need space?
Space must be left between the condenser tubes to prevent ice bridging across them and causing too great a temperature difference. The coefficient of heat transfer depends mainly on the thickness of the frozen layer; for water vapour which has formed an ice layer 6 mm thick, the value is about 320 kcal/m 2 /°C.
Where should condensate drains be routed?
Condensate drains from ejector condensers should be routed to either the main condenser or the cooling tower basin. Drains to the main condenser should enter the main condenser shell at a relatively high elevation to assist in separating any dissolved NCG from the drain flow within the condenser.
What is the function of a condenser?
There are three key functions that every condenser does as running: the first phase is desuperheating; to understand what desuperheating is you have to get familiar with the concept of saturation temperature. Saturation temperature is the point at which refrigerant state starts to change. By reaching to that point, ...
What is a condenser?
The main question is “what is a condenser?” For sure you have seen twisting and spiral coils on the back of your home refrigerator. These coils are the main part of a condenser. All of what these coils do is helping the entire system to lose its heat in order to work efficiently. Condensers vary in design; Some of them are designed for devices we use every day in our home like refrigerators and air conditioners and some of them are designed for industrial purposes. Based on their usage, their size varies too; some of them can be carried and held by a hand and some others are in large and industrial scale. Condensers are used in home or industrial refrigeration systems, heat pumps, industrial steam power plants, air conditioners and many other systems which need to be cooled to work efficiently.
What happens when vapor comes out of a compressor?
So, the vapor coming out of compressor is at the superheated state from the process of evaporating. After that the vapor flows into the condenser and has to lose its temperature.
What are the different types of condensers used in HVAC?
Three main types of condensers, based on the way they cool the refrigerant, are mostly used in HVAC systems; air-cooled, water-cooled and evaporative. These types of condensers and their functions and applications are elaborated with details in another article.
What is the name of the part that transfers heat out of a refrigerator?
Conclusion. In any systems with heat transfer like refrigerators, home air conditioning equipment chillers, heat pumps and ventilators there are many parts cooperating to transfer heat out of the entire system: but among these parts, one of them is basically known as the heat rejector and it is called condenser.
What is a cabin made of?
A cabin which is a housing for other parts, coils which can be made by copper or aluminum, a compressor which is for increasing pressure and a fan whose job is flowing air into coils. The coils can be made of copper or aluminum and it’s better to be of aluminum so heat can be better and faster transferred. What you should consider as ...
Why is understanding HVAC systems important?
Understanding the components of HVAC systems helps you know how it works. Also if one of these components fails you may have an idea how to fix it or who can repair it. What you read in this article was necessary and essential to this purpose. we tried to answer the question of “what is a condenser?” and introduced the main components. Besides, we delivered some key information about how it works and elaborated the main functions.
What Does Condenser Mean?
A condenser is a piece of industrial equipment that acts as a heat exchanger to convert a vapor to a liquid. It does this by reducing the vapor's temperature via thermodynamic contact with an external fluid of lower temperature. Often, the gas to be treated is steam and the external fluid is water. Condensers are prone to corrosion due to their constant contact with moisture.
How does a condenser work?
It is first cooled then converted to a liquid by transferring heat to an external medium. The refrigerant leaves the condenser in saturated or sub-cooled liquid form.
How to determine the state of a liquid?
The exact state of the liquid may be determined by altering the temperature of the external medium or by the design of the condenser. Corrosion may be prevented by lining the condenser with a thermal barrier coating.
What is Condenser?
The condenser is a type of heat exchanger device, where gaseous substances are compressed into a liquid state using a cooling agent and , then latent heat is released in the environment , known as a condenser .
What is the main component of a condenser?
Tubes – Tubes are the main component of the condenser, Through that vapour or gas is passed by.
What is a double tube condenser?
In this type of condenser, Two pipes are used in pipe circumference, Where a small diameter coolant circular pipe is fitted above the bigger diameter refrigerant pipe, that’s why its name is- tube in tube or double tube condenser.
How is high temperature vaporised gas entered?
Firstly, High temperature vaporised gas is entered through vapour inlet. Now, the Coolant is throwdown in the condenser shell through the coolant inlet (Shown in fig.).
What type of condenser exchanges heat through the air?
These types of condensers are exchange heat through the air, Known as Air cooled condensers.
What is a heat exchanger?
In general, A Heat Exchanging device used in condensing gaseous or vapour state substances into a liquid state, Known as a condenser.
What is the major device in refrigeration?
The condenser is the major device in any refrigeration industry or in boilers, However, I Discussed it in detail above. As far as testing in concerned, These can be tested through Eddy current testing, One of the NDT Methods, Where Eddy current of Condenser Tubes can be done easily through ECT.
How does a condenser work?
Inside the condenser, the refrigerant vapor is compressed and forced through a heat exchange coil, condensing it into a liquid and rejecting the heat previously absorbed from the cool indoor area. The condenser's heat exchanger is generally cooled by a fan blowing outside air through it.
Why shouldn't a condenser be connected to the top?
The reason a condenser shouldn’t be connected on top is because the rate of discharge at the bottom is faster and it won’t fill up. The condenser has to be connected to the bottom so the condenser fills up and is cool enough to condenser vapors back into there liquid phase.
What type of pattern does a condenser microphone have?
A condenser microphone can have any polar pattern -cardioid, hyper cardioid, wide cardioid, figure 8, omni, or even a blend of patterns.
What is compressor in air?
A compressor is a device that compresses a gas or air to a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure. This raises the temperature of the gas, its specific mass (absolute Density), its volumetric flow QV decreases. In contrast, its mass flow QM stays constant (equality of mass per unit of time through the compressor.
Is chemistry a diverse field?
Additionally, chemistry is a diverse field. If you're consid
Overview
In chemistry, a condenser is laboratory apparatus used to condense vapors – that is, turn them into liquids – by cooling them down.
Condensers are routinely used in laboratory operations such as distillation, reflux, and extraction. In distillation, a mixture is heated until the more volatile components boil off, the vapors are condensed, and collected in a separate co…
History
The water-cooled condenser, which was popularized by Justus von Liebig, was invented by Weigel, Poisonnier, and Gadolin, and perfected by Gottling, all in the late 18th century. Several designs that are still in common use were developed and became popular in the 19th century, when chemistry became a widely practiced scientific discipline.
General principles
Designing and maintaining systems and processes using condensers requires that the heat of the entering vapor never overwhelm the ability of the chosen condenser and cooling mechanism; as well, the thermal gradients and material flows established are critical aspects, and as processes scale from laboratory to pilot plant and beyond, the design of condenser systems becomes a precise engineering science.
Historical condensers
The simplest type of condenser is a straight tube, cooled only by the surrounding air. The tube is held in a vertical or oblique position, and the vapor is fed through the upper end. The heat of condensation is carried away by convection.
The neck of the retort is a classical example of a straight tube condenser. Ho…
Modern condensers
The Liebig condenser is the simplest design with circulating coolant, easy to build and inexpensive. It is named after Justus von Liebig, who perfected an earlier design by Weigel and Göttling and popularized it. It consists two concentric straight glass tubes, the inner one being longer and protruding at both extremities. The ends of the outer tube are sealed (usually by a blown glass ring seal), forming a water jacket, and is fitted with side ports near the ends for cool…
Refluxing and fractional distillation columns
The Vigreux column, named after the French glass blower Henri Vigreux [fr] (1869–1951) who invented it in 1904, consists of a wide glass tube with multiple internal glass "fingers" that point downwards. Each "finger" is created by melting a small section of the wall and pushing the soft glass inwards. The vapor that enters from the lower opening condenses on the fingers and drips down from them. It is usually air-cooled, but may have an outer glass jacket for forced fluid cooli…
Alternative coolants
Condensers with forced-circulation cooling usually employ water as the cooling fluid. The flow may be open, from a tap to a sink, and driven only by the water pressure in the tap. Alternatively, a closed system may be used, in which the water is drawn by a pump from a tank, possibly refrigerated, and returned to it. Water-cooled condensers are suitable for liquids with boiling points well above 0 °C, even higher than 100 °C.
Further reading
• Heinz G. O. Becker, Werner Berger, Günter Domschke, et al., 2009, Organikum: organisch-chemisches Grundpraktikum (23rd German edn., compl. rev. updated), Weinheim:Wiley-VCH, ISBN 3-527-32292-2, see [1], accessed 25 February 2015.
• Heinz G. O. Becker, Werner Berger, Günter Domschke, Egon Fanghänel, Jürgen Faust, Mechthild Fischer, Frithjof Gentz, Karl Gewald, Reiner Gluch, Roland Mayer, Klaus Müller, Dietrich Pavel, Hermann Schmidt, Karl Schollberg, Klaus Sch…
Overview
In systems involving heat transfer, a condenser is a heat exchanger used to condense a gaseous substance into a liquid state through cooling. In so doing, the latent heat is released by the substance and transferred to the surrounding environment. Condensers are used for efficient heat rejection in many industrial systems. Condensers can be made according to numerous designs, and come in many sizes ranging from rather small (hand-held) to very large (industrial-scale unit…
Examples of condensers
A surface condenser is one in which condensing medium and vapors are physically separated and used when direct contact is not desired. It is a shell and tube heat exchanger installed at the outlet of every steam turbine in thermal power stations. Commonly, the cooling water flows through the tube side and the steam enters the shell side where the condensation occurs on the outside of t…
History
The earliest laboratory condenser, a "Gegenstromkühler" (counter-flow condenser), was invented in 1771 by the Swedish-German chemist Christian Weigel. By the mid-19th century, German chemist Justus von Liebig would provide his own improvements on the preceding designs of Weigel and Johann Friedrich August Göttling, with the device becoming known as the Liebig condenser.
Principle of operation
A condenser is designed to transfer heat from a working fluid (e.g. water in a steam power plant) to a secondary fluid or the surrounding air. The condenser relies on the efficient heat transfer that occurs during phase changes, in this case during the condensation of a vapor into a liquid. The vapor typically enters the condenser at a temperature above that of the secondary fluid. As the vapor cools, it reaches the saturation temperature, condenses into liquid and releases large quan…
See also
• Condenser (laboratory)
• Air well (condenser)