The Eastern and Northern Shoshones
Northern Shoshone
Northern Shoshone are Shoshone of the Snake River Plain of southern Idaho and the northeast of the Great Basin where Idaho, Wyoming and Utah meet. They are culturally affiliated with the Bannock people and are in the Great Basin classification of Indigenous People.
What type of shelter did the Shoshone Tribe have?
Shelter: The temporary shelters of the Great Basin Shoshone tribe were grass houses or a simple form of lean-to made of sagebrush and willow called wikiups. Their more permanent form of shelter in the winter were grass houses Clothes: The Great Basin Shoshones wore clothes made of twined sagebrush bark with robes typically made of rabbit furs
What did Shoshone use to make Teepees?
Tools & Weapons of the Shoshone Indians
- Hunting Tools. As skilled huntsmen, bows and arrows were vital to Shoshone survival. ...
- Cooking Utensils. Unlike more stationary tribes, the Shoshone did not farm or store large quantities of food. ...
- Weapons. The Shoshone tribes defended themselves with the same tools used for hunting. ...
- Making Clothing. Shoshone clothing depended on the materials available. ...
What are the Shoshone traditions?
- 1000: Woodland Period including the Adena and Hopewell cultures established along rivers in the Northeastern and Midwestern United States which included trade exchange systems
- 1580: The Spanish make the first white contact with the Shoshone tribe
- 1637: It was about this time that the Shoshone tribe acquired their first horses
Where did the Shoshone Tribe live?
The Shoshone were originally people of the Great Basin Native American cultural group. The Shoshone tribe originally lived in the American Great Basin region but with the advent of the horse many migrated to the Great Plains. The location of their homelands are shown on the map.
What type of houses did the Utes and Shoshone live in?
The culture of the Utes was influenced by neighboring Native American tribes. The eastern Utes had many traits of Plain Indians, and they lived in tepees after the 17th century. The western Utes were similar to Shoshones and Paiutes, and they lived year-round in domed willow houses.
How did the Shoshone people live?
They lived on both the east and the west sides of the Rocky Mountains. The people who lived west of the Rocky Mountains lived in roofless grass huts and hunted fish, birds, and rabbits. The Indians that lived east and up north of the Rocky Mountains lived in tepees and hunted buffalo.
What environment did the Shoshone tribe live in?
The Shoshone tribe of the Great Basin The Western Shoshone lived in desolate environments. The Goshute band lived on the shores of the Great Salt Lake in Utah, and the Panamint lived in California's Death Valley.
Did the Shoshone tribe live near water?
The Pocatello Shoshones dwelt between the northern shore of the Great Salt Lake and the Bear River. A third group lived in the Cache Valley along the Bear River. They called themselves kammitakka, which means “jackrabbit-eaters.”
How do you say hello in Shoshone?
In Shoshone's language, behne is a way to greet people and say hello in a friendly way.
Where did the Goshutes live?
Although exact boundaries are hard to determine because of the nature of the land and the proximity of other peoples, the Goshutes lived in the area between the Oquirrh Mountains on the east and the Steptoe Mountains in eastern Nevada, and from the south end of the Great Salt Lake to an area almost parallel with the ...
How did the Shoshone adapt to their environment?
The Shoshone adapted well to their new surroundings. The Northern and Eastern groups, for example, adopted a nomadic lifestyle, hunting and gathering where resources were plentiful. Soon they began to hunt buffalo, a task made easier after they acquired horses late in the seventeenth century.
What did the Shoshone Indians wear?
Men wore fringed shirts and leggings. Women wore knee length leggings, dresses, and elk tooth necklaces. In the winter they wore moccasins made of deer, buffalo, and antelope, or mountain goat hides.
What does the name Shoshone mean?
Etymology. The name "Shoshone" comes from Sosoni, a Shoshone word for high-growing grasses. Some neighboring tribes call the Shoshone "Grass House People," based on their traditional homes made from sosoni. Shoshones call themselves Newe, meaning "People".
How did the Shoshone bury their dead?
Sometimes bodies were buried in caves, rock slides, or talus slopes; at other times the bodies were cremated, abandoned, or burned in their dwellings. Some groups had an annual mourning ceremony; others cut their hair and abstained from remarriage for a time.
What was the Shoshone music like?
The Shoshone developed a mild version of the Plains Sun Dance. The two Shoshone Ghost Dance songs adhere to the pattern of paired phrases that characterize all Ghost Dance songs. The Shoshone Hand Game songs are sung with a rhythmic drum accompaniment.
What language did the Shoshone speak?
Shoshoni, also written as Shoshoni-Gosiute and Shoshone (/ʃoʊˈʃoʊni/; Shoshoni: soni' ta̲i̲kwappe, newe ta̲i̲kwappe or neme ta̲i̲kwappeh) is a Numic language of the Uto-Aztecan family, spoken in the Western United States by the Shoshone people.
Overview
Etymology
The name "Shoshone" comes from Sosoni, a Shoshone word for high-growing grasses. Some neighboring tribes call the Shoshone "Grass House People," based on their traditional homes made from sosoni. Shoshones call themselves Newe, meaning "People."
Meriwether Lewis recorded the tribe as the "Sosonees or snake Indians" in 1805.
Language
The Shoshoni language is spoken by approximately 1,000 people today. It belongs to the Central Numic branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family. Speakers are scattered from central Nevada to central Wyoming.
The largest numbers of Shoshoni speakers live on the federally recognized Duck Valley Indian Reservation, located on the border of Nevada and Idaho; and Goshute Reservation in Utah. Idaho State University also offers Shoshoni-language classes.
History
The Shoshone are a Native American tribe, who originated in the western Great Basin and spread north and east into present-day Idaho and Wyoming. By 1500, some Eastern Shoshone had crossed the Rocky Mountains into the Great Plains. After 1750, warfare and pressure from the Blackfoot, Crow, Lakota, Cheyenne, and Arapaho pushed Eastern Shoshone south and westward. Some of them moved as far south as Texas, emerging as the Comanche by 1700.
Historical population
In 1845 the estimated population of Northern and Western Shoshone was 4,500, much reduced after they had suffered infectious disease epidemics and warfare. The completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad in 1869 was followed by European-American immigrants arriving in unprecedented numbers in the territory.
In 1937 the Bureau of Indian Affairs counted 3,650 Northern Shoshone and 1,201 Western Shoshone. As of the 2000 census, some 12,000 persons identified as Shoshone.
Bands
Shoshone people are divided into traditional bands based both on their homelands and primary food sources. These include:
• Eastern Shoshone people:
Guchundeka', Kuccuntikka, Buffalo Eaters Tukkutikka, Tukudeka, Mountain Sheep Eaters, joined the Northern Shoshone Boho'inee', Pohoini, Pohogwe, Sage Grass people, Sagebrush Butte Peo…
Reservations and Indian colonies
• Battle Mountain Reservation, Lander County, Nevada. Current reservation population is 165 and total tribal enrollment is 516.
• Big Pine Reservation, central Owens Valley, Inyo County, California; Owens Valley Paiute Shoshone
• Bishop Community of the Bishop Colony, northern Owens Valley, Inyo County, California;
Notable people
• Sacagawea (1788–1812), Lemhi Shoshone guide of the Lewis and Clark Expedition
• Jean Baptiste Charbonneau (1805–1866) son of Sacagawea, explorer, guide, military scout
• Cameahwait, chief in the early 19th century
• Bear Hunter (d. 1863), war chief