Receiving Helpdesk

what force is responsible for normal expiration

by Magnus Little Published 4 years ago Updated 2 years ago

The process of normal expiration is passive, meaning that energy is not required to push air out of the lungs. Instead, the elasticity of the lung tissue causes the lung to recoil, as the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax following inspiration.

Full Answer

What are the forces responsible for normal resting expiration?

the forces responsible for normal resting expiration come from elastic coil of the lung tissues and abdominal organs and from surface tension all of these combine to increase alveolar pressure which pushes air into the passageway.

What is forced expiration of the diaphragm?

Forced expiration. Unlike normal expiration, this is an active process. It involves contraction of the abdominal muscles which forces the diaphragm upwards reducing the volume of the thoracic cavity. It also requires contraction of the i nternal intercostal muscles and innermost intercostal muscles which pull the ribs downwards.

What muscles are involved in active expiration?

Active expiration utilises the contraction of several thoracic and abdominal muscles. These muscles act to decrease the volume of the thoracic cavity: Anterolateral abdominal wall – increases the intra-abdominal pressure, pushing the diaphragm further upwards into the thoracic cavity. Internal intercostal – depresses the ribs.

What is active expiration in the lungs?

Active Expiration. Active expiration utilises the contraction of several thoracic and abdominal muscles. These muscles act the decrease the volume of the thoracic cavity: Anterolateral abdominal wall – increases the intra-abdominal pressure, pushing the diaphragm upwards into the thoracic cavity.

What causes normal expiration?

When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, intrapleural pressure decreases & the volume of the thorax increases. In quiet breathing, inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive.

What muscles forced expiration?

Forced expiration is driven primarily by the abdominal muscles. Adequate control over these muscles is important for physiologic functions such as coughing and adequately responding to a gag reflex.

What is expiration in the respiratory system?

The second phase is called expiration, or exhaling. When the lungs exhale, the diaphragm relaxes, and the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases, while the pressure within it increases. As a result, the lungs contract and air is forced out.Jul 25, 2020

Is expiration active or passive?

Inspiration occurs via active contraction of muscles – such as the diaphragm – whereas expiration tends to be passive, unless it is forced.

What occurs during forced expiration?

In forced expiration, when it is necessary to empty the lungs of more air than normal, the abdominal muscles contract and force the diaphragm upwards and contraction of the internal intercostal muscles actively pulls the ribs downwards.Jun 13, 2006

What are the mechanisms involved in expiration?

Key Points On Mechanism of Breathing

Expiration occurs when the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles relax. The contraction or relaxation of muscles around the lungs changes the entire volume of air inside the lungs, and so does the pressure.

Is forced expiration an active process?

Quiet expiration is a passive process occurring at rest, whereas forced expiration is an active process that occurs during exercise. Quiet respiration depends on elastic recoil of the lungs after inspiratory stretching, elastic recoil of the costal cartilages, and the relaxation of the inspiratory muscles.

What produces the force which drives normal exhalation and is the process active or passive?

What produces the force which drives normal exhalation, and is the process active or passive? Contraction of the diaphragm produces a negative pressure in the space between the lungs and the abdominal wall. Contraction of the diaphragm drives normal inhalation. This is an active process.

What forces are important for passive expiration?

Expiration is typically a passive process that happens from the relaxation of the diaphragm muscle (that contracted during inspiration). The primary reason that expiration is passive is due to the elastic recoil of the lungs.May 25, 2020

What is primarily involved in normal expiration and what muscles contract?

Primary Muscles

The primary inspiratory muscles are the diaphragm and external intercostals. Relaxed normal expiration is a passive process, happens because of the elastic recoil of the lungs and surface tension.

Does forced expiration require energy?

The process of normal expiration is passive, meaning that energy is not required to push air out of the lungs. Instead, the elasticity of the lung tissue causes the lung to recoil, as the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax following inspiration.

Why is normal exhalation passive?

Why is normal exhalation passive? Respiratory muscles are relaxing and elastic tissue in the lungs recoils.

What is active expiration?

Active Expiration. Active expiration utilises the contraction of several thoracic and abdominal muscles. These muscles act to decrease the volume of the thoracic cavity: Anterolateral abdominal wall – increases the intra-abdominal pressure, pushing the diaphragm further upwards into the thoracic cavity.

What are the processes of inspiration and expiration?

Mechanics of Breathing. The processes of inspiration (breathing in) and expiration (breathing out) are vital for providing oxygen to tissues and removing carbon dioxide from the body.

What is the effect of inspiratory muscles on the lungs?

The action of the inspiratory muscles results in an increase in the volume of the thoracic cavity. As the lungs are held against the inner thoracic wall by the pleural seal, they also undergo an increase in volume. As per Boyle’s law, an increase in lung volume results in a decrease in the pressure within the lungs.

What happens when the lungs move together?

As the thoracic cavity and lungs move together, this changes the v olume of the lungs, in turn changing the pressure inside the lungs.

What causes the diaphragm to move?

Neuromuscular disease – such as Multiple Sclerosis or Motor Neurone Disease. Paralysis of the diaphragm produces a paradoxical movement. The affected side of the diaphragm moves upwards during inspiration, and downwards during expiration.

What muscles are involved in active inspiration?

Active inspiration involves the contraction of the accessory muscles of breathing (in addition to those of quiet inspiration, the diaphragm and external intercostals). All of these muscles act to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity:

What is the movement of the diaphragm?

Paralysis of the diaphragm produces a paradoxical movement. The affected side of the diaphragm moves upwards during inspiration, and downwards during expiration. A unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis is usually asymptomatic and is most often an incidental finding on x-ray.

image
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
8.3.21PHP Version450msRequest Duration2MBMemory UsageGET {post}Route
  • warninglog[19:42:40] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[19:42:40] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[19:42:40] LOG.warning: Callables of the form ["Swift_SmtpTransport", "Swift_Transport_EsmtpTranspor...
  • warninglog[19:42:40] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[19:42:40] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[19:42:40] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[19:42:40] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[19:42:40] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[19:42:40] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • Booting (13.65ms)
  • Application (436ms)
  • 1 x Application (96.86%)
    436.19ms
    1 x Booting (3.03%)
    13.65ms
    7 templates were rendered
    • themes.DevBlog.content.post (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/content/post.blade.php)34blade
      Params
      0
      post
      1
      postContent
      2
      author
      3
      updated_at
      4
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      5
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      6
      bing_related_keywords
      7
      google_related_keywords
      8
      bing_news_title
      9
      bing_news_description
      10
      bing_videos
      11
      bing_images
      12
      bing_search_result_title
      13
      bing_search_result_description
      14
      bing_search_result_url
      15
      bing_paa_questions
      16
      bing_paa_answers
      17
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      18
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      19
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      20
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      21
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      22
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      23
      google_faq_questions
      24
      google_faq_answers
      25
      google_rich_snippet
      26
      google_search_result
      27
      indexedArray
      28
      total_images
      29
      total_videos
      30
      settings
      31
      url_current
      32
      menus
      33
      sidebar
    • themes.DevBlog.layouts.master (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/layouts/master.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.head (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/head.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.header (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/header.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.navbar (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/navbar.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.footer (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/footer.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.scripts (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/scripts.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    uri
    GET {post}
    middleware
    web, checkdate
    as
    post.show
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\Frontend\json_data\PostController@show
    namespace
    where
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/json_data/PostController.php:18-166
    7 statements were executed318ms
    • select * from `posts` where `published_at` <= '2025-06-18 19:42:40' and `slug` = 'what-force-is-responsible-for-normal-expiration' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      3.33ms/app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 2025-06-18 19:42:40
      • 1. what-force-is-responsible-for-normal-expiration
      Backtrace
      • 15. /app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:842
      • 19. Route binding:39
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:78
    • select * from `json_post_contents` where `json_post_contents`.`post_id` = 159418 and `json_post_contents`.`post_id` is not null and `rewrite_id` = 0
      11.31msmiddleware::checkdate:30receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 159418
      • 1. 0
      Backtrace
      • 19. middleware::checkdate:30
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/jetstream/src/Http/Middleware/ShareInertiaData.php:61
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
    • select * from `nova_menu_menus` where `slug` = 'header' limit 1
      960μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. header
      Backtrace
      • 15. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` = 1 and `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` is not null and `parent_id` is null order by `parent_id` asc, `order` asc, `name` asc
      470μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 1
      Backtrace
      • 19. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 20. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`parent_id` in (1) order by `order` asc
      440μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Backtrace
      • 24. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 25. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select `id`, `post_title`, `slug` from `posts` where `status` = 'publish' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 10
      299ms/app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. publish
      Backtrace
      • 14. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22
      • 15. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:12
      • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177
    • select * from `fake_users` where `fake_users`.`id` = 34586 limit 1
      2.53msview::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 34586
      Backtrace
      • 21. view::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:108
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 25. /vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
      • 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:61
    App\Models\FakeUser
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\MenuItem
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\Menu
    1
    App\Models\JsonPostContent
    1
    App\Models\Post
    11
        _token
        cldsj9PBC7dZDKiDtQpvaicd0EBCDzdLgGCU5Snx
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/what-force-is-responsible-for-normal-expirat...
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /what-force-is-responsible-for-normal-expiration
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:25 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "_pk_id.63.7c30=caf254716cf2ef31.1750255940.; _pk_ses.63.7c30=1; _pk_id.64.7c30=95a6eff3d665de8e.1750255942.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImIwR0lRMnFtakhrTXBWSFYxaTNyOUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidENYMHptZWJhS0FnYitNaGhvbzFCSmtQUllFdm0xRE13Ri9VYzUxUVVMRWtJYU5PSmlmdzJ4bzNuUjkxRnhaamY4VlBEZWxnc1RIWEJ2dzQ3bGNEL2hKMjM0aXdaZUFNWnJsVmpnYWZZa0JBRFEvSGJmeEpEUk9iZzNoOGthcUoiLCJtYWMiOiJlYjQ5Njk1N2ZhNDUxNjM4MzI0M2Y4ZWJjOTQwZmUyZDg1MTNhZjcwZGExNjhjM2Y0ZTE4MjFhMmZmNzUwYmU4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6Ilo0WEtFOG5ad25SazBkdTlxZ2RMWEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUHZHVExkWTFCZ2t5c1owaEk2KzZWR0V2Skl2RXRmK1VwN0tsbkNHLzhkN3Mzbkc0dUpuMDlaQXMwak9QaWJXOXdpZ1lGTFpuRGVnVjVsWEk5aVpCQ0czMnlkOUVQalVpZFZ4UE1weDNlMGhmVWNORFcwai9XZjY1TzZqQ1J5MzIiLCJtYWMiOiJhMjg2NjQxMzA3NTlhNmY4OTRkNzRkOWQ3Y2ViZTA2YzdlN2RhMGQ2MjE4ZjJlMDdhNDcwYjdkNzAwMGQ0ZTcxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D_pk_id.63.7c30=caf254716cf2ef31.1750255940.; _pk_ses.63.7c30=1; _pk_id.64.7c30=95a6eff3d665de8e.1750255942.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImIwR0lRMnFta" ] "cf-ipcountry" => array:1 [ 0 => "US" ] "cf-connecting-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.74" ] "cdn-loop" => array:1 [ 0 => "cloudflare; loops=1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, br" ] "cf-ray" => array:1 [ 0 => "951b62076f504b21-ORD" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "cf-visitor" => array:1 [ 0 => "{"scheme":"https"}" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "close" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.74, 172.69.6.9" ] "x-server-addr" => array:1 [ 0 => "154.12.239.204" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "receivinghelpdesk.com" ] ]
        request_server
        0 of 0
        array:56 [ "USER" => "runcloud" "HOME" => "/home/runcloud" "SCRIPT_NAME" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_URI" => "/ask/what-force-is-responsible-for-normal-expiration" "QUERY_STRING" => "" "REQUEST_METHOD" => "GET" "SERVER_PROTOCOL" => "HTTP/1.0" "GATEWAY_INTERFACE" => "CGI/1.1" "REDIRECT_URL" => "/ask/what-force-is-responsible-for-normal-expiration" "REMOTE_PORT" => "39390" "SCRIPT_FILENAME" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/ask/index.php" "SERVER_ADMIN" => "you@example.com" "CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "CONTEXT_PREFIX" => "" "REQUEST_SCHEME" => "http" "DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "REMOTE_ADDR" => "172.69.6.9" "SERVER_PORT" => "80" "SERVER_ADDR" => "127.0.0.1" "SERVER_NAME" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "SERVER_SOFTWARE" => "Apache/2.4.63 (Unix) OpenSSL/1.1.1f" "SERVER_SIGNATURE" => "" "LD_LIBRARY_PATH" => "/RunCloud/Packages/apache2-rc/lib" "PATH" => "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" "HTTP_COOKIE" => "_pk_id.63.7c30=caf254716cf2ef31.1750255940.; _pk_ses.63.7c30=1; _pk_id.64.7c30=95a6eff3d665de8e.1750255942.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImIwR0lRMnFtakhrTXBWSFYxaTNyOUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidENYMHptZWJhS0FnYitNaGhvbzFCSmtQUllFdm0xRE13Ri9VYzUxUVVMRWtJYU5PSmlmdzJ4bzNuUjkxRnhaamY4VlBEZWxnc1RIWEJ2dzQ3bGNEL2hKMjM0aXdaZUFNWnJsVmpnYWZZa0JBRFEvSGJmeEpEUk9iZzNoOGthcUoiLCJtYWMiOiJlYjQ5Njk1N2ZhNDUxNjM4MzI0M2Y4ZWJjOTQwZmUyZDg1MTNhZjcwZGExNjhjM2Y0ZTE4MjFhMmZmNzUwYmU4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6Ilo0WEtFOG5ad25SazBkdTlxZ2RMWEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUHZHVExkWTFCZ2t5c1owaEk2KzZWR0V2Skl2RXRmK1VwN0tsbkNHLzhkN3Mzbkc0dUpuMDlaQXMwak9QaWJXOXdpZ1lGTFpuRGVnVjVsWEk5aVpCQ0czMnlkOUVQalVpZFZ4UE1weDNlMGhmVWNORFcwai9XZjY1TzZqQ1J5MzIiLCJtYWMiOiJhMjg2NjQxMzA3NTlhNmY4OTRkNzRkOWQ3Y2ViZTA2YzdlN2RhMGQ2MjE4ZjJlMDdhNDcwYjdkNzAwMGQ0ZTcxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D_pk_id.63.7c30=caf254716cf2ef31.1750255940.; _pk_ses.63.7c30=1; _pk_id.64.7c30=95a6eff3d665de8e.1750255942.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImIwR0lRMnFta" "HTTP_CF_IPCOUNTRY" => "US" "HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP" => "216.73.216.74" "HTTP_CDN_LOOP" => "cloudflare; loops=1" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_MODE" => "navigate" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_SITE" => "none" "HTTP_ACCEPT" => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" "HTTP_USER_AGENT" => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" "HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS" => "1" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_PLATFORM" => ""Windows"" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_MOBILE" => "?0" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA" => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" "HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL" => "no-cache" "HTTP_PRAGMA" => "no-cache" "HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING" => "gzip, br" "HTTP_CF_RAY" => "951b62076f504b21-ORD" "HTTP_PRIORITY" => "u=0, i" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_DEST" => "document" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_USER" => "?1" "HTTP_CF_VISITOR" => "{"scheme":"https"}" "HTTP_CONNECTION" => "close" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO" => "https" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR" => "216.73.216.74, 172.69.6.9" "HTTP_X_SERVER_ADDR" => "154.12.239.204" "HTTP_HOST" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "HTTPS" => "on" "REDIRECT_STATUS" => "200" "REDIRECT_HTTPS" => "on" "FCGI_ROLE" => "RESPONDER" "PHP_SELF" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT" => 1750255960.2437 "REQUEST_TIME" => 1750255960 ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:6 [ "_pk_id_63_7c30" => null "_pk_ses_63_7c30" => null "_pk_id_64_7c30" => null "_pk_ses_64_7c30" => null "XSRF-TOKEN" => "cldsj9PBC7dZDKiDtQpvaicd0EBCDzdLgGCU5Snx" "askhelpdesk_session" => "HBlMvQNbUK9Ka4Zls9p0Zm4LNtRO33WcbVPT951t" ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:7 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "private, must-revalidate" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Wed, 18 Jun 2025 14:12:40 GMT" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "expires" => array:1 [ 0 => -1 ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkZyR0JsRThFSnZEL3NTMjh2Wm1WYXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibHhlSnpNdkR5UnJES1BHeTVSendxNUJzZVRibHJqSmVhWXZRMzlLbjVQMDhENlJBdGpEamxqZmlmNXpxTVF4QlpxdDJVd2FTTHZQdVBvYVc1VmdpVHRtNUpFTnpPRTgzZWFMRldBakZ5aVF5UVRacXZUeWFnZ0xJS1BoMEhPMUciLCJtYWMiOiIwMGExODg5N2NkNjE0MTg0ZGM3Mjc1NTE4MmIxY2YyY2I1MzRiNGQ0NjBiNTA4Mjg1NzZmODE1NWM5NzA1ZmVjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 18-Jun-2025 16:12:40 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkZyR0JsRThFSnZEL3NTMjh2Wm1WYXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibHhlSnpNdkR5UnJES1BHeTVSendxNUJzZVRibHJqSmVhWXZRMzlLbjVQMDhENlJBdGpEamxqZmlmNXpxTVF4QlpxdDJVd" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IlAzQytpelNaSmUzeDA2UXFGcmZ4bGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNGF4bVpTYjVzWUdtSFpJK01ZSUZ3MG52ejcrRGRmK0gxZHAwRk9OTzlEV09yTWpINUVVUTczVzRTd0hHQVJzaVF6ZWFJbEhQc2gxT01mYWRJaW5Mbm83YkVoRHlaVVBpTm11bS9OakVvVU5TdGM1bTdUbUVWaVRmK1pNYTBwdHgiLCJtYWMiOiI4NGUwYmNmMTFmZTMzNDgzNzY4MThiYmJiY2YxNWIzYmVkYmQxOGNkZDdhZDE2MzljNmFhOTg2MGFhY2I1N2I0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 18-Jun-2025 16:12:40 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; httponly; samesite=laxaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IlAzQytpelNaSmUzeDA2UXFGcmZ4bGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNGF4bVpTYjVzWUdtSFpJK01ZSUZ3MG52ejcrRGRmK0gxZHAwRk9OTzlEV09yTWpINUVVUTczVzRTd0hHQVJz" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkZyR0JsRThFSnZEL3NTMjh2Wm1WYXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibHhlSnpNdkR5UnJES1BHeTVSendxNUJzZVRibHJqSmVhWXZRMzlLbjVQMDhENlJBdGpEamxqZmlmNXpxTVF4QlpxdDJVd2FTTHZQdVBvYVc1VmdpVHRtNUpFTnpPRTgzZWFMRldBakZ5aVF5UVRacXZUeWFnZ0xJS1BoMEhPMUciLCJtYWMiOiIwMGExODg5N2NkNjE0MTg0ZGM3Mjc1NTE4MmIxY2YyY2I1MzRiNGQ0NjBiNTA4Mjg1NzZmODE1NWM5NzA1ZmVjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 18-Jun-2025 16:12:40 GMT; path=/XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkZyR0JsRThFSnZEL3NTMjh2Wm1WYXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibHhlSnpNdkR5UnJES1BHeTVSendxNUJzZVRibHJqSmVhWXZRMzlLbjVQMDhENlJBdGpEamxqZmlmNXpxTVF4QlpxdDJVd" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IlAzQytpelNaSmUzeDA2UXFGcmZ4bGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNGF4bVpTYjVzWUdtSFpJK01ZSUZ3MG52ejcrRGRmK0gxZHAwRk9OTzlEV09yTWpINUVVUTczVzRTd0hHQVJzaVF6ZWFJbEhQc2gxT01mYWRJaW5Mbm83YkVoRHlaVVBpTm11bS9OakVvVU5TdGM1bTdUbUVWaVRmK1pNYTBwdHgiLCJtYWMiOiI4NGUwYmNmMTFmZTMzNDgzNzY4MThiYmJiY2YxNWIzYmVkYmQxOGNkZDdhZDE2MzljNmFhOTg2MGFhY2I1N2I0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 18-Jun-2025 16:12:40 GMT; path=/; httponlyaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IlAzQytpelNaSmUzeDA2UXFGcmZ4bGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNGF4bVpTYjVzWUdtSFpJK01ZSUZ3MG52ejcrRGRmK0gxZHAwRk9OTzlEV09yTWpINUVVUTczVzRTd0hHQVJz" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "_token" => "cldsj9PBC7dZDKiDtQpvaicd0EBCDzdLgGCU5Snx" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/what-force-is-responsible-for-normal-expiration" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]