Receiving Helpdesk

what do the letters on a circuit board mean

by Beulah Baumbach Published 3 years ago Updated 2 years ago

What do the letters on a circuit board mean? A reference designator unambiguously identifies a component within an electrical schematic or on a printed circuit board . The number is sometimes followed by a letter , indicating that components are grouped or matched with each other, e.g. R17A, R17B.

The letters indicate the type of component, and the number, defines which particular component of that type it is. An example may be R13, or C45, etc..

Full Answer

What do the numbers on a circuit board mean?

The second number is the function number of the circuit, such as “1” for the motherboard circuit, “2” for the power circuit and so on, which is determined by the circuit designer himself; The third and fourth digits represent the serial Numbers of similar devices on the circuit board. R117: resistance on the main board, serial number 17.

What is the meaning of the letters in the circuit diagram?

Generally, the first letter identifies the device category, such as R for resistor, C for capacitor, D for diode and Q for three-stage tube.

What are the markings on a circuit board called?

The technical term for the markings is "reference designators" (aka "refdes") and there are a few standards can define them. For schematic components, most EDA tools start off with one or few alphabets and then a sequential number. For example, R1 for the first resistor, C1 for the first capacitor, IC1 for the first IC and so on.

What do the different markings on a PCB mean?

In addition to that, you will also find other markings on the PCB. These are done by the fab house and are used to show UL certification numbers, UL standards that the PCB conforms to, sometimes showing RoHS compliance, and sometimes even a logo of the fab house. These can be done in silkscreening process, or anti-soldermask processes.

What is a T101 transformer?

What is the second number on a circuit board?

What is Rx in a circuit?

How do you read a circuit board label?

Label all the components on the drawing by the first letter of their type and a number. For example, the first capacitor you see should be labeled C1, the second C2, and so on. List in a column the labels of all the parts and their values found on the board.

What does V mean on a circuit board?

valveU: integrated circuit. V: valve (tube)

What does J mean on a PCB?

J: Connectors. T: Transformers. TP: Test points. P: Pads or pin headers.

What do the symbols on a circuit drawing mean?

Electrical circuit diagram symbols Electrical symbols are the most commonly used symbols in circuit diagramming. Amplifiers (denoted by triangle shapes) increase the output signal in your circuit. Capacitors (parallel lines) store energy in your system, while resistors (zigzag lines) reduce current flow.

What is F on a circuit board?

Diode. F. Fuse. IC. Integrated circuit - an alternative widely used non-standard abbreviation.

What does G mean in electrical terms?

ConductanceG – Conductance, the inverse of electrical resistance (R) GFCI – Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter, a type of circuit breaker. H – Gross Head, determining the maximum power that can be produced. h – Net Head, also known as effective head. Hz – Hertz, the SI unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second.

What does E stand for in circuits?

What is Ohm's Law?QuantityOhm's Law symbolIn case you're wondering:VoltageEE = electromotive force (old-school term)CurrentII = intensityResistanceRΩ = Greek letter omega

What is U in a circuit?

Good question - "U" stands for: inseparable assembly integrated-circuit package microcircuit micromodule photon-coupled isolator. I think the U was picked because these are all classed as "Unrepairable", since they are all in sealed packages.

What does M stand for in electronics?

Milliampere, or milliamp: 1/1000 of an Ampere. Ampere is the basic unit for measuring electrical current.

What are the 5 electrical symbols?

There are five commonly used symbols in Electrical – Switch, Wire, Contactor, Motor, Transformer. These symbols can be used in any electrical drawings. Switches are used for ON/OFF any control circuit.

What is K in a circuit?

K for relays and contactors. V for tubes and semiconductors. (Consider “V” for “vacuum tube”.) Q for “switching devices for power circuits”, i.e. circuit breakers.

What is U and V in electrical?

I = current (ampere, A) U = electrical potential (volts, V) R = resistance (ohms, Ω)

Circuit Board Glossary of Terms - PCB Manufacturing and Fabrication

America's Oldest. A History of Innovation. Over the past 70 years, the electronics manufacturing industry has changed dramatically as the industry continues to adapt to evolving demands and technology.

PCB Production Terms | PCB Definitions | SFCircuits

Edge Bevel: A bevel operation performed on edge connectors to improve their wear and ease of installation. Edge Dip Solderability: Test A solderability test performed by taking a specially prepared specimen, fluxing it with a non-activated rosin flux, and then immersing it into a pot of molten solder at a predetermined rate of immersion for a predetermined dwell time, and then withdrawing it ...

What does R102 mean on a schematic?

On a schematic you will also see a electrical components symbol next to it will have a identification number next to its abbreviation (ie. You will see the symbol for a resistor. The abbreviation for a resistor "R" followed by a number to identify it on a PCB "R102". Next to the symbol you will also see its value "2.2K".

Do you see symbols on a PCB?

On a PCB is a completely different story. Sometimes you will not have any abbreviations, and Most of the time you will not see any symbols. Most of the time you will see a components next to a letter with a number next to it (ie.

Circuit Symbols of Electronic Components

There are so many electronic components that it is not possible to mention symbols of all the components in this one single tutorial. Hence, I have enlisted symbols of only the basic and mostly components.

Conclusion

I hope this tutorial on Electronic Components Name Abbreviations and Symbols was useful and helpful for you. Do share with others so that everyone can gain knowledge.

Related Posts

Santosh, founder of this Electronics Tutorial Website, is an Electronics Geek, Blogger and Young Entrepreneur. He possesses vast experience in the field of electronics , electronic components , PCB , Soldering , SMT , Telecommunication, ESD Safety, and PCB Assembly Tools, Equipment and Consumables.

What is a T101 transformer?

T101: transformer on the main board. “If R117 is a resistance, both ends should be connected with a multimeter.” it is not scientific to directly measure the resistance on the circuit board. The measurement result will be smaller than the actual value, or even much smaller.

What is the second number on a circuit board?

The second number is the function number of the circuit, such as “1” for the motherboard circuit, “2” for the power circuit and so on, which is determined by the circuit designer himself; The third and fourth digits represent the serial Numbers of similar devices on the circuit board.

What is Rx in a circuit?

Rx is the resistance, there’s a lot of resistance in the circuit diagram, R1, R2….

image
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
8.3.21PHP Version1.42sRequest Duration2MBMemory UsageGET {post}Route
  • warninglog[03:49:23] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[03:49:23] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[03:49:23] LOG.warning: Callables of the form ["Swift_SmtpTransport", "Swift_Transport_EsmtpTranspor...
  • warninglog[03:49:23] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[03:49:23] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[03:49:23] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[03:49:23] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • Booting (14.56ms)
  • Application (1.4s)
  • 1 x Application (98.94%)
    1.40s
    1 x Booting (1.03%)
    14.56ms
    7 templates were rendered
    • themes.DevBlog.content.post (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/content/post.blade.php)34blade
      Params
      0
      post
      1
      postContent
      2
      author
      3
      updated_at
      4
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      5
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      6
      bing_related_keywords
      7
      google_related_keywords
      8
      bing_news_title
      9
      bing_news_description
      10
      bing_videos
      11
      bing_images
      12
      bing_search_result_title
      13
      bing_search_result_description
      14
      bing_search_result_url
      15
      bing_paa_questions
      16
      bing_paa_answers
      17
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      18
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      19
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      20
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      21
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      22
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      23
      google_faq_questions
      24
      google_faq_answers
      25
      google_rich_snippet
      26
      google_search_result
      27
      indexedArray
      28
      total_images
      29
      total_videos
      30
      settings
      31
      url_current
      32
      menus
      33
      sidebar
    • themes.DevBlog.layouts.master (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/layouts/master.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.head (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/head.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.header (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/header.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.navbar (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/navbar.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.footer (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/footer.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.scripts (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/scripts.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    uri
    GET {post}
    middleware
    web, checkdate
    as
    post.show
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\Frontend\json_data\PostController@show
    namespace
    where
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/json_data/PostController.php:18-166
    7 statements were executed1.38s
    • select * from `posts` where `published_at` <= '2025-06-13 03:49:23' and `slug` = 'what-do-the-letters-on-a-circuit-board-mean' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      5.61ms/app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 2025-06-13 03:49:23
      • 1. what-do-the-letters-on-a-circuit-board-mean
      Backtrace
      • 15. /app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:842
      • 19. Route binding:39
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:78
    • select * from `json_post_contents` where `json_post_contents`.`post_id` = 201387 and `json_post_contents`.`post_id` is not null and `rewrite_id` = 0
      3.95msmiddleware::checkdate:30receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 201387
      • 1. 0
      Backtrace
      • 19. middleware::checkdate:30
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/jetstream/src/Http/Middleware/ShareInertiaData.php:61
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
    • select * from `nova_menu_menus` where `slug` = 'header' limit 1
      580μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. header
      Backtrace
      • 15. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` = 1 and `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` is not null and `parent_id` is null order by `parent_id` asc, `order` asc, `name` asc
      370μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 1
      Backtrace
      • 19. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 20. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`parent_id` in (1) order by `order` asc
      320μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Backtrace
      • 24. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 25. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select `id`, `post_title`, `slug` from `posts` where `status` = 'publish' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 10
      1.37s/app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. publish
      Backtrace
      • 14. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22
      • 15. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:12
      • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177
    • select * from `fake_users` where `fake_users`.`id` = 16196 limit 1
      880μsview::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 16196
      Backtrace
      • 21. view::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:108
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 25. /vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
      • 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:61
    App\Models\FakeUser
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\MenuItem
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\Menu
    1
    App\Models\JsonPostContent
    1
    App\Models\Post
    11
        _token
        gbhkQfmyQkQNQiSuf9YgnP0OQAUBwgqn4IujE1Yw
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/what-do-the-letters-on-a-circuit-board-mean"...
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /what-do-the-letters-on-a-circuit-board-mean
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:25 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "_pk_id.64.7c30=d5d675e5dddbcac2.1749766763.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IklVeW9MSEFSRTFDYlRzQWM5N3BaQmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMlg5d2ErSCtKUEcvK3NyaDEwalVSeGpPRzBSeUUwMUpoOTJrZ1JmZWNwb1d3cUZCRVFhTXZRNHgxeDZqcGhxRlkwY1F2TDFlUW5KY2pxVE1aR2xPK0NxNDVCejQ0aWlrUmdZamVUSUtnSUZEYkVzaUdpRVoyUGVzblQxRUh4TCsiLCJtYWMiOiJlNzJiZDE1MDVkZjRlOThmOTY4YTk1ZWU5MjMyNDc3MzMwOWFjZDg0OTlhMmUxYTg4YWZhMmFhZWRmODc3MGYxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IjZYNFFydDFqVG40RkJ6MGVLR1VxeHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibzBUY0NBdUpuZWcxdVAxeXl4QWgyYjJyMEhQeTJwZzV2ckhtTjZqNEFSUFRSbWJOeFY2am9NdzNaeGFhekZUM3RvNjV6aE9wbnFYTnhJR0hDSTlBdUZnbVRXczE3OHF4Z1NiREk4MzhqNmZMZ2FxbytCVkUzQlhiZVdGY2I2VU0iLCJtYWMiOiIyOThiZTljYWM4M2YzYTM4NGM4ZDJmNDJmZGQzNGFjZGMzNzQ4M2YwZjFmNGNlOTkxY2NmZDk5ZDUwNzdhMzMxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D_pk_id.64.7c30=d5d675e5dddbcac2.1749766763.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IklVeW9MSEFSRTFDYlRzQWM5N3BaQmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMlg5d2ErSCtKUEcvK3NyaDEwalVSe" ] "cf-ipcountry" => array:1 [ 0 => "US" ] "cf-connecting-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.217.7" ] "cdn-loop" => array:1 [ 0 => "cloudflare; loops=1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, br" ] "cf-ray" => array:1 [ 0 => "94ecbac23a08eb09-ORD" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "cf-visitor" => array:1 [ 0 => "{"scheme":"https"}" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "close" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.217.7, 172.71.254.2" ] "x-server-addr" => array:1 [ 0 => "154.12.239.204" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "receivinghelpdesk.com" ] ]
        request_server
        0 of 0
        array:56 [ "USER" => "runcloud" "HOME" => "/home/runcloud" "SCRIPT_NAME" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_URI" => "/ask/what-do-the-letters-on-a-circuit-board-mean" "QUERY_STRING" => "" "REQUEST_METHOD" => "GET" "SERVER_PROTOCOL" => "HTTP/1.0" "GATEWAY_INTERFACE" => "CGI/1.1" "REDIRECT_URL" => "/ask/what-do-the-letters-on-a-circuit-board-mean" "REMOTE_PORT" => "36710" "SCRIPT_FILENAME" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/ask/index.php" "SERVER_ADMIN" => "you@example.com" "CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "CONTEXT_PREFIX" => "" "REQUEST_SCHEME" => "http" "DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "REMOTE_ADDR" => "172.71.254.2" "SERVER_PORT" => "80" "SERVER_ADDR" => "127.0.0.1" "SERVER_NAME" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "SERVER_SOFTWARE" => "Apache/2.4.63 (Unix) OpenSSL/1.1.1f" "SERVER_SIGNATURE" => "" "LD_LIBRARY_PATH" => "/RunCloud/Packages/apache2-rc/lib" "PATH" => "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" "HTTP_COOKIE" => "_pk_id.64.7c30=d5d675e5dddbcac2.1749766763.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IklVeW9MSEFSRTFDYlRzQWM5N3BaQmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMlg5d2ErSCtKUEcvK3NyaDEwalVSeGpPRzBSeUUwMUpoOTJrZ1JmZWNwb1d3cUZCRVFhTXZRNHgxeDZqcGhxRlkwY1F2TDFlUW5KY2pxVE1aR2xPK0NxNDVCejQ0aWlrUmdZamVUSUtnSUZEYkVzaUdpRVoyUGVzblQxRUh4TCsiLCJtYWMiOiJlNzJiZDE1MDVkZjRlOThmOTY4YTk1ZWU5MjMyNDc3MzMwOWFjZDg0OTlhMmUxYTg4YWZhMmFhZWRmODc3MGYxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IjZYNFFydDFqVG40RkJ6MGVLR1VxeHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibzBUY0NBdUpuZWcxdVAxeXl4QWgyYjJyMEhQeTJwZzV2ckhtTjZqNEFSUFRSbWJOeFY2am9NdzNaeGFhekZUM3RvNjV6aE9wbnFYTnhJR0hDSTlBdUZnbVRXczE3OHF4Z1NiREk4MzhqNmZMZ2FxbytCVkUzQlhiZVdGY2I2VU0iLCJtYWMiOiIyOThiZTljYWM4M2YzYTM4NGM4ZDJmNDJmZGQzNGFjZGMzNzQ4M2YwZjFmNGNlOTkxY2NmZDk5ZDUwNzdhMzMxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D_pk_id.64.7c30=d5d675e5dddbcac2.1749766763.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IklVeW9MSEFSRTFDYlRzQWM5N3BaQmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMlg5d2ErSCtKUEcvK3NyaDEwalVSe" "HTTP_CF_IPCOUNTRY" => "US" "HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP" => "216.73.217.7" "HTTP_CDN_LOOP" => "cloudflare; loops=1" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_MODE" => "navigate" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_SITE" => "none" "HTTP_ACCEPT" => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" "HTTP_USER_AGENT" => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" "HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS" => "1" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_PLATFORM" => ""Windows"" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_MOBILE" => "?0" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA" => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" "HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL" => "no-cache" "HTTP_PRAGMA" => "no-cache" "HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING" => "gzip, br" "HTTP_CF_RAY" => "94ecbac23a08eb09-ORD" "HTTP_PRIORITY" => "u=0, i" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_DEST" => "document" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_USER" => "?1" "HTTP_CF_VISITOR" => "{"scheme":"https"}" "HTTP_CONNECTION" => "close" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO" => "https" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR" => "216.73.217.7, 172.71.254.2" "HTTP_X_SERVER_ADDR" => "154.12.239.204" "HTTP_HOST" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "HTTPS" => "on" "REDIRECT_STATUS" => "200" "REDIRECT_HTTPS" => "on" "FCGI_ROLE" => "RESPONDER" "PHP_SELF" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT" => 1749766763.8953 "REQUEST_TIME" => 1749766763 ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "_pk_id_64_7c30" => null "_pk_ses_64_7c30" => null "XSRF-TOKEN" => "gbhkQfmyQkQNQiSuf9YgnP0OQAUBwgqn4IujE1Yw" "askhelpdesk_session" => "W0Jesn0g8le239IaGEY8TeNDMD6hiA5JvNfArSv6" ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:7 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "private, must-revalidate" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Thu, 12 Jun 2025 22:19:23 GMT" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "expires" => array:1 [ 0 => -1 ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjBwQllIS3FadWlVMWZEOHdRZU1pQ2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNHN0eVpZd2hRaG55VksrMTcvdzZudkFHMHYzOExwaEYvU3VFaEJIdUVrUDhKSStZaG1MbFh0bjN5VlpmSHVramx4WVJBMm5RdjlaRXN3Nk5XRVJGNzArNmRtbkEzSEV4dEpBUDZEVGJFeGxiY3BVNXZWOE1mMjF1enREYVpPeHEiLCJtYWMiOiI3ZmZkNjlmZTk4Yjg4ZTM0MzFmY2M5Mzk3MzhhMDY3MzJlNTc0MzEwMzQ4ODFmYjI1NTA4MDYwZjAwNmVhNzNjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 13-Jun-2025 00:19:25 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjBwQllIS3FadWlVMWZEOHdRZU1pQ2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNHN0eVpZd2hRaG55VksrMTcvdzZudkFHMHYzOExwaEYvU3VFaEJIdUVrUDhKSStZaG1MbFh0bjN5VlpmSHVramx4WVJBM" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IjJwbmFkKzZhKy9sOGV6NW9aZUdEN3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZEMvbHF4cHVHS0ZLclcyYVRnMGlveUpSNXc0cWxaR2dZME5qeCtaYkFkYytNRk1HTFdEc1hsRTdNbkR5M29yVG45V0RnY0tuMUgyMlA0NDEyRXQwaFNLTW9pczRLMEk1c2gxNkZ2SVRKMWhsUy9ZdGw4czFCSzZWNmVmbTc0ejUiLCJtYWMiOiJiYWE3NDg3NGQ4MmJjNzQwYjVhMDIxMTE4NDEzMzRkZjU0OTkxMzQ2NTFmYTQ0NzA2MWJkNTA0MDNlMmRmMjQ1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 13-Jun-2025 00:19:25 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; httponly; samesite=laxaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IjJwbmFkKzZhKy9sOGV6NW9aZUdEN3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZEMvbHF4cHVHS0ZLclcyYVRnMGlveUpSNXc0cWxaR2dZME5qeCtaYkFkYytNRk1HTFdEc1hsRTdNbkR5M29y" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjBwQllIS3FadWlVMWZEOHdRZU1pQ2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNHN0eVpZd2hRaG55VksrMTcvdzZudkFHMHYzOExwaEYvU3VFaEJIdUVrUDhKSStZaG1MbFh0bjN5VlpmSHVramx4WVJBMm5RdjlaRXN3Nk5XRVJGNzArNmRtbkEzSEV4dEpBUDZEVGJFeGxiY3BVNXZWOE1mMjF1enREYVpPeHEiLCJtYWMiOiI3ZmZkNjlmZTk4Yjg4ZTM0MzFmY2M5Mzk3MzhhMDY3MzJlNTc0MzEwMzQ4ODFmYjI1NTA4MDYwZjAwNmVhNzNjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 13-Jun-2025 00:19:25 GMT; path=/XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjBwQllIS3FadWlVMWZEOHdRZU1pQ2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNHN0eVpZd2hRaG55VksrMTcvdzZudkFHMHYzOExwaEYvU3VFaEJIdUVrUDhKSStZaG1MbFh0bjN5VlpmSHVramx4WVJBM" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IjJwbmFkKzZhKy9sOGV6NW9aZUdEN3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZEMvbHF4cHVHS0ZLclcyYVRnMGlveUpSNXc0cWxaR2dZME5qeCtaYkFkYytNRk1HTFdEc1hsRTdNbkR5M29yVG45V0RnY0tuMUgyMlA0NDEyRXQwaFNLTW9pczRLMEk1c2gxNkZ2SVRKMWhsUy9ZdGw4czFCSzZWNmVmbTc0ejUiLCJtYWMiOiJiYWE3NDg3NGQ4MmJjNzQwYjVhMDIxMTE4NDEzMzRkZjU0OTkxMzQ2NTFmYTQ0NzA2MWJkNTA0MDNlMmRmMjQ1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 13-Jun-2025 00:19:25 GMT; path=/; httponlyaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IjJwbmFkKzZhKy9sOGV6NW9aZUdEN3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZEMvbHF4cHVHS0ZLclcyYVRnMGlveUpSNXc0cWxaR2dZME5qeCtaYkFkYytNRk1HTFdEc1hsRTdNbkR5M29y" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "_token" => "gbhkQfmyQkQNQiSuf9YgnP0OQAUBwgqn4IujE1Yw" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/what-do-the-letters-on-a-circuit-board-mean" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]