Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) contain C arbon and some combination of F luorine and C hlorine atoms. Hydrofluorocarbons
Organofluorine chemistry
Organofluorine chemistry describes the chemistry of the organofluorines, organic compounds that contain the carbon–fluorine bond. Organofluorine compounds find diverse applications ranging from oil and water repellents to pharmaceuticals, refrigerants, and reagents in catalysis. In additio…
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What is the difference between CFC and HCFCs?
CFCs, or Chlorofluorocarbons, are the original refrigerant. They consist of Carbon, Chlorine, and Fluorine. When you hear someone say ‘Refrigerant,’ they are referring to CFCs. HCFCs, or Hydrochloroflourocarbons, are the close neighbor of CFCs.
What is the difference between CFC&HCFC refrigerants?
What are CFC & HCFC Refrigerants? CFCs, or Chlorofluorocarbons, are the original refrigerant. They consist of Carbon, Chlorine, and Fluorine. When you hear someone say ‘Refrigerant,’ they are referring to CFCs. HCFCs, or Hydrochloroflourocarbons, are the close neighbor of CFCs. The main difference between the two types of refrigerant is ...
What is the composition of HCFC refrigerant?
HCFC (hydrochlorofluorocarbon) refrigerants are partially halogenated hydrocarbons. They contain chlorine (Cl), fluorine (F), carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). HCFC refrigerants have low ODP and high GWP values.
What are hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)?
A common subclass is the hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), which contain hydrogen, as well. Freon is DuPont's brand name for CFCs, HCFCs and related compounds.
Are CFC and HFC the same?
HFCs are used as refrigerant to promote cooling in appliances such as refrigerators and air conditioners. Decades ago, appliances used chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as refrigerants, which wreaked havoc on the ozone layer and were phased out after the 1987 Montreal Protocol.
How do CFCs and HFCs compare to one another?
Because they contain hydrogen, HCFCs break down more easily in the atmosphere than do CFCs. Therefore, HCFCs have less ozone depletion potential, in addition to less global-warming potential. HFCs do not contain chlorine and do not contribute to destruction of stratospheric ozone.
What is the difference between CFC and HCFC and HFC?
The key difference between HCFC and HFC is that HCFC contains chlorine and can cause harm to the ozone layer, whereas HFC is free of chlorine and does not harm the ozone layer. Besides, HCFC is phased out from use now while HFC is used as a replacement for HCFC and CFC gases.
What are HFCs and CFCs?
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are man-made chemicals used in refrigeration and air-conditioning. They were introduced in the late 1980s to replace chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other chemicals that were damaging the ozone layer. Although HFCs do not damage the ozone layer, they are powerful heat-trapping gases.
Is HFC a greenhouse gas?
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are a type of synthetic greenhouse gas, mostly used in refrigeration and air conditioning equipment. HFCs generally have a high global warming potential which means they have a greater ability to trap heat in the atmosphere compared to a similar mass of carbon dioxide.
What are the characteristics of HFC refrigerants?
What characteristic of HFC refrigerants make them damaging to the environment? They are toxic to plants and animals at low doses. They contain chlorine which damages the ozone layer. They have a high Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP).
What characteristics of CFCs and HCFCs make them more likely to reach the stratosphere?
Gases such as CFCs that do not dissolve in water and that are relatively unreactive in the lower atmosphere are mixed relatively quickly and therefore reach the stratosphere regardless of their weight.
What gases can CFC and HCFC refrigerants?
Answer: Hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids At high temperatures, CFCs and HCFCs decompose to:Hydrochloric acids and.Hydrofluoric acids.
Is HCFC ozone depleting?
The HCFCs are one class of chemicals being used to replace the CFCs. They contain chlorine and thus deplete stratospheric ozone, but to a much lesser extent than CFCs. HCFCs have ozone depletion potentials (ODPs) ranging from 0.01 to 0.1.
Does HFC cause global warming?
HFCs are incredibly potent greenhouse gases; their global warming potential (GWP) is thousands of times that of carbon dioxide. This means that emitting a kilogram of an HFC contributes to climate change as much as a ton or more of carbon dioxide.
What is the HFC gas?
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are greenhouse gases (GHGs) commonly used by federal agencies in a wide variety of applications, including refrigeration, air-conditioning (AC), building insulation, fire extinguishing systems, and aerosols.
Did HFCs replace CFCs?
HFCs have been adopted as replacements for chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) in refrigerators and in home and automobile air conditioners.
What are HFC refrigerants?
HFC refrigerants. These are substances containing HYDROGEN, FLORINE and CARBON chemicals. The HFC gases are used extensively in every day RAC systems. There is no current ban upon these gases but responsible use and equipment inspections is mandatory under the "F gas" regulations.
When will HCFC be banned?
HCFC refrigerants. These are substances containing HYDROGEN, CARBON, FLORINE and CHLORINE chemicals. The HCFC gases are to be banned from virgin use from Jan 2010. The general phase out shall be complete by 2015 unless the dates are brought forward.
Is CFC a banned substance?
These are substances containing CARBON, FLORINE and CHLORINE chemicals. The CFC refrigerant is now totally banned from use or production within all countries covered by the Montreal Protocol.
What are CFCs and HCFCs?
What are CFC & HCFC Refrigerants? CFCs, or Chlorofluorocarbons, are the original refrigerant. They consist of Carbon, Chlorine, and Fluorine. When you hear someone say ‘Refrigerant,’ they are referring to CFCs. HCFCs, or Hydrochloroflourocarbons, are the close neighbor of CFCs. The main difference between the two types of refrigerant is ...
Why were CFCs phased out?
CFCs and HCFCs were phased out due to the Chlorine that they contained. In the 1970s it was found out that the Chlorine was damaging the O-Zone layer and due to the excessive use and venting of CFCs/HCFCs into the atmosphere a hole in the O-Zone had formed.
When were CFCs invented?
CFCs were invented through a joint venture of DuPont and General Motors in the early twentieth century and HCFCs were developed shortly afterwards.
What are the causes of CFCs?
Rising sea levels. Local natural species extinctions and habitat loss. More frequent heavy rainfall and flooding. High heat stress in summer. Increasing health risk from insect and water-borne diseases. The production of CFCs in the United Stated or their import was prohibited as of January 1, 1996.
When will HFC be phased out?
Under these Rules, most HFC uses in polyurethane and other foams and in new retail food refrigerated cases will be phased out between January 1, 2016 and January 1 2020.
How do CFCs affect the Earth?
Climate change. While acting to destroy ozone, CFCs and HCFCs also act to trap heat in the lower atmosphere, causing the earth to warm and climate and weather to change. HFCs, which originally were developed to replace CFCs and HCFCs, also absorb and trap infrared radiation or heat in the lower atmosphere of the earth.
When was HCFC-142B banned?
The production or import of HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b for use in new units or applications was banned in the US as of January 1, 2010, although production and import for use in existing equipment is allowed through 2019. The production or import of HCFC-141b for any purpose were prohibited as of January 1, 2004.
Why are regulations in place for air conditioners?
Regulations are in place to help prevent the release of CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs into the environment. In addition to the various production bans, servicers and disposers of appliances and motor vehicle air conditioners are required to obtain technician certification, proper refrigerant recovery or recycling equipment, and keep records.
What is the difference between CFC and HCFC?
The key difference between CFC and HCFC is that the CFC contains only carbon, fluorine and chlorine atoms whereas HCFC contains hydrogen, carbon, fluorine and chlorine atoms. More importantly, CFC causes serious ozone depletion but HCFC, comparatively, has a much lesser impact on the ozone layer.
What is CFC in chemistry?
What is CFC? CFC is a class of compounds that contain fully halogenated paraffin hydrocarbons. These compounds contain carbon, fluorine and chlorine atoms only. The carbon atoms in these compounds form covalent bonds in a tetrahedral symmetry. Manufacturers produce these compounds as volatile derivatives of methane, ethane and propane.
What is the most common compound in the ozone class?
The general brand name for this class is “Freon”. The most common compound of this class is dichlorodifluoromethane. The common uses of these compounds are as refrigerants, propellants and as solvents. However, later research found that these compounds contribute to ozone depletion.
Is HCFC a liquid?
Under normal conditions, these are either gases or highly evaporative liquids. Generally, they are stable and unreactive.
Can CFCs be used as a solvent?
These compounds are very useful substituents for CFCs. They are useful as refrigerants and in insulative foams. However, people do not use it as a solvent, and it is ban ned to use as a solvent in many developed countries.
Is HCFC a chemical?
HCFC is a class of compounds having a chemical structure very similar to CFC. But, they contain hydrogen atom, in addition to the carbon, fluorine and chlorine atoms. However, HCFC has a very less impact on the ozone layer because it undergoes photochemical decomposition before it reaches the upper atmosphere.
What is the difference between HCFC and HFC?
HCFC refers to hydrochlorofluorocarbon, while HFC refers to hydrofluorocarbon. The key difference between HCFC and HFC is that HCFC contains chlorine and can cause harm to the ozone layer, whereas HFC is free of chlorine and does not harm the ozone layer.
What is HFC gas?
HFC is hydrofluorocarbon. These are manmade organic compounds having fluorine and hydrogen atoms. It is the most common type of organofluorine compound that occurs mostly in the gas phase at room temperature. These gases usually are useful in air conditioning and as refrigerants. E.g.
Why are HFCs used in ozone?
These compounds were adopted to replace more potent CFCs in order to recover the stratospheric ozone layer. Moreover, these gases can replace older chlorofluorocarbons such as R-12 and HCFCs such as R-21. Moreover, the HFCs are useful in insulating foams, aerosol propellants, as solvents and for fire protection.
Why are HCFCs phased out?
HCFCs and CFCs are gases that are phased out currently from their use due to considerations regarding the harm they can cause to the ozone layer of the stratosphere. HFC is a good replacement for these gases, mainly in refrigerators.
Why are HFCs important?
Moreover, the HFCs are useful in insulating foams, aerosol propellants, as solvents and for fire protection. Figure 01: Difluoroethane, an HFC Compound. Although these gases do not harm the ozone layer as much as HCFCs and CFCs, they can cause global warming because of their high warming potential (more than carbon dioxide).
Is HCFC chlorine free?
Moreover, HCFC contains both chlorine and fluorine while HFC is chlorine-free, but contains fluorine. The below infographic lists the differences between HCFC and HFC in tabular form.
What is an HFO refrigerant?
HFO refrigerants (F-gases) HFO (hydrofluoroolefin) refrigerants are partially halogenated hydrocarbons. They contain fluorine, carbon and hydrogen. The ODP of HFO refrigerants is also 0, and they have a low GWP value. Double bond between two carbon atoms. 3.
What is the ODP of PFC?
They only contain fluorine (F) and carbon (C). The ODP of PFC refrigerants is 0 , meaning that they pose no threat to the ozone layer. However, they have a notably high GWP value, which means that they accelerate global warming.
What is the classification of refrigerants?
Classification of refrigerants is based on halogen molecules. In legislation the classification is also made according to the same principle, as refrigerants are usually hydrocarbons in which hydrogen atoms have been replaced by processing halogen molecules. Refrigerants are also categorised based on their vaporisation and condensation behaviour.
What are the three groups of refrigerant?
Refrigerants are divided into three separate groups based on the properties listed below: § Single component refrigerants; evaporation and condensation occur in the same temperature. § Refrigerant mixtures, i.e. azeotropic refrigerants; evaporation and condensation occur in a standard temperature, e.g. R507A (identifier always begins with 5) ...
Is HC refrigerant organic?
In addition to this, there are “natural refrigerants,” which occur organically in nature. These are divided into HC refrigerants and inorganic refrigera nts. 1.
Is HFC a hydrocarbon?
HFC (hydrofluorocarbon) refrigerants are also partially halogenated hydrocarbons. They contain fluorine (F), carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). The ODP of HFC refrigerants is 0. However, they have a notably high GWP value, which means that they accelerate global warming. Single bond between carbon atoms.
What is the difference between HCFC-142 and HCFC-142?
By contrast, HCFC-142 (without the b) refers to an arrangement in which one carbon atom is attached to two hydrogen atoms and one chlorine atom, while the other carbon atom is attached to the third hydrogen atom and two fluorine atoms. Hence, it has a different structural formula (CH 2 ClCHF 2 ).
What is the number of hydrogen atoms in CFC-11?
e is the number of hydrogen atoms; f is the number of fluorine atoms; and. 2d + 2 - e - f = the number of chlorine atoms. For CFC-11: 90 + 11 = 101, so the number of carbon atoms is 1, the number of hydrogen atoms is zero, the number of fluorine atoms is 1, and the number of chlorine atoms is (2 + 2 - 0 - 1 = 3).
What is the C formula?
c is the number of fluorine atoms. and, the compound is CFC-011, or CFC-11. To find the chemical formula, given the number: first add 90 to the abc number, to obtain a 3-digit def number, where:
What are the atoms in perfluorocarbons?
Perfluorocarbons contain F luorine, C arbon, and Bromine atoms , and some contain Chlorine and/or Hydrogen atoms. These compounds are often designated by a combination of letters and numbers (e.g., CFC-11, HCFC-142b). In the latter example, the lower-case b refers to an isomer, which has no relationship to the chemical formula (C 2 H 3 F 2 Cl), ...
What is HCFC refrigerant?
Hydrochloroflurocarbons, or HCFCs, are a class of refrigerants that date back to the early age of refrigeration. HCFCs consist of Hydrogen, Chlorine, Fluorine, and Carbon. They are manufactured as a volatile derivative of Methane, Ethane, and Propane. (Source from WikiPedia .) You may know HCFC refrigerants by their most common name, Freon. For those of you who do not know Freon is a registered brand name from the DuPont corporation. The most common HCFC refrigerant is R-22. HCFCs are very close cousins to the other class of refrigerants known as CFCs.
What refrigerant replaces CFCs?
Some of these refrigerants include popular refrigerants today known as R-134a, R-404A, and R-410A.
What happens when a CFC is exposed to ultraviolet radiation?
These two scientists found that when a CFC or HCFC refrigerant was exposed to ultra-violet irradiation that the Chlorine atom would detach itself from the molecules. The remaining residue is oxidized resulting in the creation of a Chlorine oxidized molecule and a new residue.
Who led the way in synthesizing CFCs in the 1890s?
In fact it was a Belgian scientist known as Frédéric Swarts who led the way in synthesizing CFCs in the 1890’s. What General Motors and DuPont did was improve and innovate on Swarts’ process. If we then fast forward nearly thirty year later we have Thomas Midgley, Jr. building off of Frédéric Swarts work.
Is fluorine a hydrocarbon?
The team settled on a concept of incorporating the chemical Fluorine into a Hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbons are naturally occurring elements such as Propane, Methane, Isobutane, or Propylene. The team believed that this new refrigerant would be non-toxic due to the stability of the Carbon-Fluorine bond.
Is HCFC the same as CFC?
HCFCs are the same as CFCs except with Hydrogen (H ) added to it. With the introduction of all of these new refrigerants the use of refrigeration and air-conditioning really began to pick up over the next twenty to thirty years. I like to think of CFC and HCFC refrigerants as the grandfathers of the industry.
What are HFCs used for?
HFCs have been adopted as replacements for chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) in refrigerators and in home and automobile air conditioners. CFCs were largely responsible for the ozone depletion first observed by scientists in the 1980s, most notably the ozone hole above Antarctica, which continues today.
Why are HCFCs less damaging to the atmosphere?
While HCFCs contain chlorine atoms, they are less damaging to the ozone layer because they also contain hydrogen atoms, which causes them to break down in the atmosphere faster. HCFCs are currently being phased out in favor of HFCs, which do not contain chlorine.
How does HFC affect ozone?
HFC emissions cause increased warming of the stratosphere, speeding up the chemical reactions that destroy ozone molecules, and they also decrease ozone levels in the tropics by accelerating the upward movement of ozone-poor air. According to the model, their impact is such that HFCs will cause a 0.035 percent decrease in ozone by 2050.
How much will HFCs decrease ozone?
According to the model, their impact is such that HFCs will cause a 0.035 percent decrease in ozone by 2050. A global representation of the projected impacts of hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) on ozone levels at the various latitudes in 2050. The small but measurable amount of ozone loss is quantified in Dobson units, ...
When did CFCs stop being produced?
CFC molecules contain chlorine atoms, and each atom can destroy thousands of ozone molecules. Under the auspices of the Montreal Protocol treaty signed in 1987, CFCs were officially phased out of production worldwide in 2010.
What is the role of HFCs in the Sun?
It is responsible for absorbing most of the sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation before it reaches Earth’s surface. Research in the 1990s showed that HFCs, which have replaced more powerful ozone-depleting chemical coolants in recent years, destroy a negligible amount of ozone.
Is trichlorofluoromethane a threat to ozone?
For example, trichlorofluoromethane, or CFC-11, a once common coolant that is no longer used, causes about 400 times more ozone depletion per unit mass than HFCs. “We’re not suggesting HFCs are an existential threat to the ozone layer or to ozone hole recovery, but the impact isn’t zero as has been claimed,” said lead author Margaret Hurwitz, ...