What are the Mediterranean countries?
While not having a coastline in the Mediterranean, Portugal, Andorra, San Marino, Vatican City, Kosovo, Serbia, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Romania, Mauritania, Western Sahara and Jordan are often included on the list of Mediterranean countries.
What are the latitudes of the Mediterranean biome?
The Mediterranean biome has developed between 30°-40° (some time upto 45°) latitudes in both the hemispheres in the western parts of the continents.
What type of ecosystem is Mediterranean?
Mediterranean Ecosystem. Throughout the world, the Mediterranean ecosystem is characterized by evergreen or drought deciduous shrublands. The chaparral of southern California is echoed in the old world Mediterranean maquis, the Chilean matorral, South African fynbos and the Australian mallee scrub communities.
What is the biomass of the Mediterranean biomes?
The NPP of 700 dry gram per square metre per year generates a biomass of 6000 grams per square metre. Like vegetation, there is also regional variation in the animal communities of the various parts of the Mediterranean biomes of the world.
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What countries have Mediterranean biomes?
This biogeographical region includes the Mediterranean Sea and seven Member States, either partially (France, Portugal, Italy, Spain) or completely (Greece, Malta, Cyprus). It has specific regional features: a climate of hot dry summers and humid, cool winters and a generally hilly landscape.
How many countries are in Mediterranean?
The Mediterranean Sea region — the largest of the semi-enclosed European seas — is surrounded by 22 countries, which together share a coastline of 46 000 km.
What are the 5 Mediterranean regions?
Mediterranean-type ecosystems (MTEs), with their characteristic and unique climatic regimes of mild wet winters and warm and dry summers, occur in just five regions of the world: California; Central Chile; the Mediterranean Basin; the Cape Region of South Africa; and Southwestern and South Australia.
Which country has the most Mediterranean?
ItalyExclusive economic zoneNumberCountryArea (Km2)1Italy541,9152Greece493,7083Libya355,6044Spain260,00020 more rows
Is France a Mediterranean country?
France is a Mediterranean country because the South of France has a Mediterranean Sea coastline. It is also considered as a Mediterranean country due to its historical and cultural similarities.
Is Turkey in the Mediterranean?
Turkey is situated at the crossroads of the Balkans, Caucasus, Middle East, and eastern Mediterranean. It is among the larger countries of the region in terms of territory and population, and its land area is greater than that of any European state.
Is Spain on the Mediterranean?
Borders. Most of Spain's boundaries are water: the Mediterranean Sea along the east from the French border down to Gibraltar and the Strait of Gibraltar, and the Atlantic Ocean on the northwest and southwest (in the south as the Gulf of Cádiz and in the north as the Bay of Biscay).
Is Australia a Mediterranean climate?
Abstract. The mediterranean-type climate of Australia, with wet winter periods alternating with dry summer periods, is confined to the south-west corner of Western Australia, the southern portion of South Australia, and the western half of Victoria.
How many Mediterranean climates are there in the world?
five Mediterranean zonesAbstract. There are five Mediterranean zones around the world that are located near the west coasts of continents between 30° and 40° latitude. The climate represents a unique transition between arid zones towards the equator and temperate zones poleward.
Where is Mediterranean located?
Mediterranean Sea, an intercontinental sea that stretches from the Atlantic Ocean on the west to Asia on the east and separates Europe from Africa.
Is Mediterranean a biome?
Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub is a biome defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. The biome is generally characterized by dry summers and rainy winters, although in some areas rainfall may be uniform.
What are the 5 largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea?
The Biggest Mediterranean IslandsSicily. Without a doubt, Sicily is the largest island located in the Mediterranean Sea. ... Sardinia. Another Italian island makes the list at number 2. ... Cyprus. ... Corsica. ... Crete. ... The Other Large Islands.
Which countries are considered Mediterranean countries?
While not having a coastline in the Mediterranean, Portugal, Andorra, San Marino, Vatican City, Kosovo, Serbia, Bulgaria, North Macedonia and Jordan are often included on the list of Mediterranean countries. Such classification is mostly based on their geographical, economic, geopolitical, historical, ethnic and cultural (language, art, music, ...
What are the countries that border the Mediterranean Sea?
The Mediterranean countries are those that surround the Mediterranean Sea. Twenty sovereign countries in Southern Europe, the Levant and North Africa regions border the sea itself, in addition to two island nations completely located in it ( Malta and Cyprus ).
What are the Mediterranean countries?
The Mediterranean identifies countries that have a coastline or cultural similarity. It consists of states such as Spain, Portugal, Italy, Slovenia, and Malta. In Mediterranean countries economic growth is slow and the national income is low compared to Western and Northern Europe. Italy is the most advanced industry in these countries.
What countries dominated the Mediterranean?
During the Ottoman Empire, Turks dominated the Mediterranean by dealing with the powerful fleets of the age such as Spanish, Italian, French, Venice, and Malta. Towards the end of the 16th century, the British, who benefited from the destruction of each other for the superiority of the Mediterranean nations, entered the region.
What was the name of the sea that was formed during the Triassic period?
The Sea of Tethyan, the origin of the Mediterranean Sea, was extended without interruption along the present Mediterranean, Middle East, the Persian Gulf, and the Indian Ocean.
What is the water structure lost by the Mediterranean?
The water structure lost by the Mediterranean is 93.3% through the Gibraltar Strait, 6.4% by evaporation and 0.3% by the water flowing into the Black Sea. The rate of water lost by evaporation is higher than the rate of precipitation, which is the main reason for the high salinity rate. Temperature changes in the Mediterranean Basin are reflected ...
What is the hydrology of the Mediterranean?
The hydrology and water structure of the Mediterranean is under the influence of the high evaporation rate of the high temperature of the basin.
What was the Mediterranean during the Roman Empire?
During the Roman Empire, the Mediterranean was a Roman lake ; then the Byzantines, the Arabs, the Vandals, and the Goths took advantage of their occupation of North Africa and Italy and began the war of supremacy. The Crusades against Arabs reaching Spain through Africa in the 7th century was a reaction.
What is the temperature of the Mediterranean basin?
Surface water temperature in the western basins in winter 12 ° C-14 ° C, in the eastern basins 14 ° C-17 ° C; The temperature during the summer months is between 22 ° C-25 ° C in the west and 25 ° C-28 ° C in the east.
How many countries are there in the Mediterranean?
Because of the Mediterranean's size and central location, it borders 21 countries on three continents. Europe has the most nations with coastlines along the Mediterranean Sea with 12. Populations listed are from mid-2017.
What is the Mediterranean Sea?
Updated July 11, 2019. The Mediterranean Sea is a large body of water with Europe to the north, northern Africa to the south, and southwestern Asia to the east. The narrow Strait of Gibraltar to the west is the only outlet to the Atlantic Ocean.
Which country is the second smallest in the Mediterranean?
At just 122 square miles, Malta is the second-smallest nation bordering the Meditteranean Sea. Its population is 416,338, and the capital is Valletta. The smallest nation bordering the Mediterranean is the city-state of Monaco, which is just 0.77 square miles and has a population of 30,645. Montenegro, another country that was part ...
How big is Algeria?
Algeria covers 919,595 square miles and has a population of 40,969,443. Its capital is Algiers. Egypt is mostly in Africa, but its Sinai Peninsula is in Asia. The country is 386,662 square miles in area with a population of 97,041,072.
What is the population of Morocco?
Morocco's population is 33,986,655. The country covers 172,414 square miles. Rabat is its capital. Tunisia, whose capital is Tunis, is the smallest African nation along the Mediterranean, with just 63,170 square miles of territory and a population of 11,403,800.
What are the two cities in Spain?
Gibraltar (British territory on Spain's Iberian Peninsula) Ceuta and Melilla (two autonomous Spanish cities on the northern African coast) Mount Athos (autonomous part of the Greek Republic) Akrotiri and Dhekelia (British territory on Cyprus) The Gaza Strip (Palestinian National Authority) Cite this Article. Format.
Which country has the largest population of 1,221,549?
Cyprus is a 3,572-square-mile island nation surrounded by the Mediterranean. Its population is 1,221,549, and its capital is Nicosia. France has an area of 248,573 square miles and a population of 67,106,161. Paris is the capital. Greece covers 50,949 square miles and has as its capital the ancient city of Athens.
What is the vegetation community in the Mediterranean biome?
The vegetation community is dominated by trees and shrubs. The shrubs are differently named in the various parts of the Mediterranean biome on the basis of local names e.g., maquis or garrigue in southern Europe, chaparral in California, fymbos or fymbosch in south Africa and mallee scrub in Australia. The plants of the Mediterranean biome have ...
What is Mediterranean vegetation?
The Mediterranean vegetation community consists of a variety of sclerophyll plant formation classes which range from Mediterranean mixed evergreen forests (in the coastal lands immediately bordering the seas and the oceans) to woodland, dwarf forest and scrubs. The vegetation community is dominated by trees and shrubs.
What biome is located in the western hemisphere?
The Mediterranean biome has developed between 30°-40° (some time upto 45°) latitudes in both the hemispheres in the western parts of the continents. This biome includes the European lands bordering the Mediterranean Sea, central and southern California of the U.S.A., central Chile of South America, north-western coastal lands ...
Why is the Mediterranean biome called the sclerophyll ecosystem?
The Mediterranean biome is also called as sclerophyll ecosystem or biome because of the development of special feature and characteristic in the dominant trees and shrubs to adapt to the typical environmental conditions of the Mediterranean climates ( dry summer and wet winter).
What biome is oak found in?
There are several species of oak in the European Mediterranean biome. The sequence of trees changes with the increasing altitude e.g., the evergreen oaks are found at the lower height and with the increasing height the sequence of trees is formed by deciduous oaks, beech, fir and pine.
How much is the net primary productivity of the Mediterranean biome?
The average net primary productivity (NPP) of the Mediterranean biome is about 700 dry gram per square metre per year whereas the total net primary production of all parts of the Mediterranean biome is 6xl0 9 tons per year.
What are the characteristics of Mediterranean climate?
The Mediterranean climate has three typical characteristic features which give sclerophyll characteristics to the vegetation of this biome e.g.: (i) Winters are cool but wet whereas summers are dry, most of the annual rainfall is received during wet winter months; (ii) Summer season is warm and dry whereas winters are moderately cool; and.
What are the biomes of the Mediterranean?
The Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome is closely associated with Mediterranean climate zones, as are unique freshwater communities. Particularly distinctive of the climate are sclerophyll shrublands, called maquis in the Mediterranean Basin, chaparral in California, matorral in Chile, fynbos in South Africa, and mallee and kwongan shrublands in Australia. Aquatic communities in Mediterranean climate regions are adapted to a yearly cycle in which abiotic (environmental) controls of stream populations and community structure dominate during floods, biotic components (e.g. competition and predation) controls become increasingly important as the discharge declines, and environmental controls regain dominance as environmental conditions become very harsh (i.e. hot and dry); as a result, these communities are well suited to recover from droughts, floods, and fires. Aquatic organisms in these regions show distinct long-term patterns in structure and function, and are also highly sensitive to the effects of climate change.
What are the vegetations of the Mediterranean climate?
The resulting vegetation of Mediterranean climates are the garrigue or maquis in the Mediterranean Basin, the chaparral in California, the fynbos in South Africa, the mallee in Australia, and the matorral in Chile.
Why do Mediterranean climates have a diurnal climate?
Similar to desert climates, in many Mediterranean climates there is a strong diurnal character to daily temperatures in the warm summer months due to strong heating during the day from sunlight and rapid cooling at night. In winter, the subtropical ridge migrates towards the equator, making rainfall much more likely.
Where are dry summer climates located?
Under the Köppen classification, dry-summer climates ( Csa, Csb) usually occur on the western sides of continents. Csb zones in the Köppen system include areas normally not associated with Mediterranean climates but with Oceanic climates, such as much of the Pacific Northwest, much of southern Chile, parts of west-central Argentina, ...
What is the Mediterranean climate?
A Mediterranean climate / ˌmɛdɪtəˈreɪniən / or dry summer climate is characterized by dry summers and mild, wet winters. The climate receives its name from the Mediterranean Basin, where this climate type is most common.
Why is the Mediterranean dry?
The main cause of Mediterranean, or dry summer climate, is the subtropical ridge which extends northwards during the summer and migrates south during the winter due to increasing north–south temperature differences.
Where is fynbos found?
The fynbos vegetation in the South-western Cape in South Africa is famed for its high floral diversity, and includes such plant types as members of the Restionaceae, Ericas (Heaths) and Proteas.
Geography of The Mediterranean Sea
Island Countries in The Mediterranean Sea
- As mentioned previously, Malta and Cyprus are two islands countries located in the Mediterranean Sea. With an area of 9,251 sq. km, and population of 1,198,580, Cyprus is the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean. Although Malta is considerably smaller in size (316 sq. km), it is the sixth most populous Mediterranean island with 502,650 peo…
Peoples of The Mediterranean
- There are many different peoples in the Mediterranean region. The African countries of the region are dominated by Arabic speakers. The Arabs conquered North Africa in the 7thcentury, and are now the dominant population therein. There are, however, non-Arab peoples, most notably the Berbers, who formed much of North Africa’s population prior to the Arab invasion. Both Arabic a…
What Is Mediterranean Culture?
- Mediterranean culture is not a culture in and of itself, but rather a series of commonalities among the peoples of the Mediterranean region. One of those commonalities is the diet of the Mediterranean peoples. The so-called Mediterranean diet largely consists of foods found in the region, including fresh vegetables, fish and seafood, grains like rice and lentils, poultry, eggs, che…
List of Mediterranean Countries
The Mediterranean countries are those that surround the Mediterranean Sea or located within the Mediterranean Basin. Twenty sovereign countries in Southern Europe, the Levant and North Africa regions border the sea itself, in addition to two island nations completely located in it (Malta and Cyprus).
While not having a coastline in the Mediterranean, Portugal, Andorra, San Marino, Vatican …
Characteristic of Mediterranean
History of Mediterranean
Subdivision of Mediterranean
Straits of Mediterranean
- The Mediterranean is the largest inland sea in the world. Its surface area is 2,499,350 km2, its length is 3,860 km, the widest place is 1,610 km, its deepest point is 4,405 m. The Mediterranean, which is surrounded by Asia, Africa, and Europe, connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the Strait of Gibraltar, to the Black Sea through the Sea of Marmara and the Straits, and to the Red Sea thr…
Gulfs of Mediterranean
- The Mediterranean coast became the center of various and powerful civilizations starting from the ancient times. The Romans, Greeks, Sicilians, and Carthaginians followed the Phoenicians who first opened their trade and transportation routes. In order to maintain commercial superiority, it was inevitable to oversee the Mediterranean. During the Roman Empire, the Medite…