How to pronounce propylene glycol?
Pronunciation of glycol with 2 audio pronunciations. 1 rating. -1 rating. International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) IPA : ˈglaɪkɒl.
What are the properties of propylene glycol?
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Does propylene glycol cause acne?
Your patch test result indicates that you have a contact allergy to propylene glycol. This contact allergy may cause your skin to react when it is exposed to this substance although it may take several days for the symptoms to appear. Typical symptoms include redness, swelling, itching, and fluid-filled blisters. How is propylene glycol harmful?
Is dipropylene glycol safe to inhale?
f Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether can affect you when inhaled and may be absorbed through the skin. f Contact can irritate the skin. f Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose and throat. Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether can cause headache, dizziness, lightheadedness, and passing out. Repeated exposure to very high levels may affect the liver.
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What does propylene glycol look like?
Propylene glycol is a synthetic food additive that belongs to the same chemical group as alcohol. It is a colorless, odorless, slightly syrupy liquid that is a bit thicker than water. It has practically no taste ( 1 ).
Is propylene glycol green?
While dye color may differ by suppler, DOWFROST HD Inhibited Propylene Glycol is bright yellow to green in color and has an operating temperature range of -50°F to 325°F (-46°C to 163°C).
What kind of glycol is pink?
Pink Propylene GlycolPrevent your pipes from freezing with pipe antifreeze from Grainger. Use in water chillers, refrigeration systems, thermal storage, solar systems, heating and cooling loops and radiant heating systems.
What is the color of ethylene glycol?
APPEARANCE: Clear, colorless, syrupy (viscous) liquid at room temperature. Often colored fluorescent yellow-green when used in automotive antifreeze. DESCRIPTION: Ethylene glycol is a useful industrial compound found in many consumer products.
What Colour is glycol?
The color of healthy engine coolant is green (for ethylene glycol) or orange (for Dexcool). A rusty color indicates that the rust inhibitor in the coolant has broken down and it can no longer control rust and scale buildup.
How do you know if its propylene or ethylene glycol?
Specific Gravity Fill the cylinder with 250-300ml of the unknown sample. Record the numerical value of the nearest graduation mark, if the value is 1.05 or above the solution is ethylene glycol based. It is impossible for propylene glycol solutions to have a specific gravity at or above 1.045 at 70 degrees fahrenheit.
What does glycol look like?
Ethylene glycol (also called 1,2-ethanediol, molecular formula HOCH2CH2OH) is a colourless, oily liquid possessing a sweet taste and mild odour. It is produced commercially from ethylene oxide, which is obtained from ethylene.
Is glycerin and propylene glycol the same?
It is used in the food industry, cosmetic productions, and pharmaceutical applications. But the applications of propylene glycol are limited due to its toxic behaviour. The main difference between propylene glycol and glycerin is that propylene glycol has two –OH groups whereas glycerin has three –OH groups.
Does propylene glycol mix with water?
Propylene Glycol - characteristics Neat propylene glycol boils at 198°C and freezes at -51°C when mixed with <39% water. Hygroscopic and miscible with water in all proportions.
What is the E number for propylene glycol?
It is produced on a large scale primarily for the production of polymers. In the European Union, it has E-number E1520 for food applications. For cosmetics and pharmacology, the number is E490. Propylene glycol is also present in propylene glycol alginate, which is known as E405.
What is the percentage of propylene glycol used in resin?
Forty-five percent of propylene glycol produced is used as a chemical feedstock for the production of unsaturated polyester resins. In this regard, propylene glycol reacts with a mixture of unsaturated maleic anhydride and isophthalic acid to give a copolymer.
What is the precursor to methylglyoxal?
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate, one of the two products of breakdown ( glycolysis) of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, is a precursor to methylglyoxal. This conversion is the basis of a potential biotechnological route to the commodity chemical 1,2-propanediol. Three-carbon deoxysugars are also precursor to the 1,2-diol.
What is the main ingredient in flavored e-liquid?
Electronic cigarettes liquid. A bottle of flavored e-liquid for vaping shows propylene glycol as one of the main ingredients along with vegetable glycerin. Along with vegetable glycerin as the main ingredient (<1–92%) in e-liquid used in electronic cigarettes, where it is aerosolized to resemble smoke.
Why is propylene glycol degraded?
Propylene glycol occurs naturally, probably as the result of anaerobic catabolism of sugars in the human gut. It is degraded by vitamin B12 -dependent enzymes, which convert it to propionaldehyde.
Does propylene glycol cause acidosis?
In one case, intravenous administration of propylene glycol-suspended nitroglycerin to an elderly man may have induced coma and acidosis.
Is propylene glycol irritating to the eye?
Skin, eye and inhalation contact. Propylene glycol is often used in electronic cigarettes. Propylene glycol is essentially non-ir ritating to the skin. Undiluted propylene glycol is minimally irritating to the eye, producing slight transient conjunctivitis; the eye recovers after the exposure is removed.
What is propylene glycol used for?
Propylene glycol is widely used as a solvent in drug manufacturing. This means that it’s used to dissolve other substances (usually solid) without changing their fundamental structure or composition. Propylene glycol is also used as a carrier in drug formulations.
Why is propylene glycol used in skin care products?
Propylene glycol is used as an emollient because it forms an oily layer on the skin, and prevents water loss. Viscosity control: Propylene glycol is used to reduce the thickness of cosmetic formulations and products.
What is the main ingredient in e-cigarettes?
Alongside vegetable glycerin, propylene glycol is the major ingredient in the liquids (e-liquids) used in e-cigarettes. To mimic smoke, propylene glycol is converted to extremely tiny droplets by e-cigarettes. It also functions as a carrier for nicotine and flavorings which are added to some e-liquids.
How long does it take for propylene glycol to break down?
When consumed, propylene glycol breaks down in the body quite quickly —within 48 hours —and is changed to a source of energy.
Is propylene glycol a liquid or a gas?
Rather the term organic compound refers to the fact that it contains carbon. While it’s a liquid, propylene glycol can become vapor in the air when it is heated or shaken vigorously. 1 Propylene glycol is generally considered safe and non-toxic by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Is porpelyne glycol a preservative?
Preservative: Porpelyne glycol is often used in combination with other chemicals as a preservative in cosmetic and skin care products.
Is propylene glycol safe to use in food?
As a preservative, its antimicrobial properties help to kill and/or prevent the growth of microorganisms like bacteria and mold. Propylene glycol is safe for consumption and the FDA approves its use in food at certain concentrations.
How to tell if you have propylene glycol?
The most common signs are skin reactions, dermatitis, and a rash on the face or the whole body. . Increased risk of a heart attack: When propylene glycol is injected in high amounts, it leads to rapid heart rate, heart rhythm problems, or low blood pressure . How to Avoid Propylene Glycol in Your Food. Most processed foods contain ...
What are the symptoms of toxicity of propylene glycol?
The main sign of toxicity is depression of your central nervous system, causing a low heart rate, slow rate of breathing, and loss of consciousness. . Allergic reactions : A small number of people are allergic to propylene glycol.
Why is propylene glycol used in antifreeze?
Propylene glycol also has other names, including: Sometimes people confuse it with ethylene glycol. They both have low melting points and are used in antifreeze, but they’re not the same.
What is the purpose of propylene in food?
Propylene contains many properties that are beneficial to packaged foods. Many food manufacturers use it to lengthen the shelf life of their processed foods. Examples of packaged foods that contain the product include: Seasoning blends.
What food products use propylene glycol?
Potato salad. Macaroni. Cheese. . Apart from using it as a preservative and flavor enhancer, food manufacturers also use propylene glycol as an emulsifier, a texturizer, and a processing aid to enhance food's appearance.
Is propylene glycol safe to eat?
Propylene glycol has been found in some of the most hazardous waste sites in the country, but in normal amounts, it’s not considered unsafe. But the fact that it’s also an ingredient in antifreeze raises concerns about the possible side effects of eating any food contaminated with it.
Is propylene glycol a food additive?
The product comes in various grades for use in different applications. Apart from being used as a food additive, propylene glycol is also an active ingredient in engine coolants, airplane deicers, enamels, paints, varnishes, and polyurethane cushions. . Propylene glycol has been found in some of the most hazardous waste sites in the country, ...
What is the pesticide code for propylene glycol?
For propylene glycol (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 068603) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./
What is propylene glycol used for?
Propylene glycol is also used to make polyester compounds, and as a base for deicing solutions. Propylene glycol is used by the chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries as an antifreeze when leakage might lead to contact with food.
What is the chemical in aircraft deicers?
Many of the /aircraft/ deicers are formulated mixtures of ethylene glycol (EG) or propylene glycol (PG) and a variety of additives. Because these deicers may be intentionally or accidentally released into aquatic ecosystems, the possibility exists for direct and indirect adverse effects on aquatic organisms.
How long does propylene glycol last in the blood?
Intravenous administration of propylene glycol in amounts of 3-15 g/sq m is followed by plasma concentration of 60 to 425 ug/mL, respectively, with a half-life of 1.8 to 3.3 hours ...
What is the Henry's law constant for propylene glycol?
The Henry's Law constant for propylene glycol is estimated as 1.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mole (SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 0.13 mm Hg (1), and assigned value for water solubility of 1X10+6 mg/L (miscible) (2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that propylene glycol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces (3). Propylene glycol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces (SRC) based upon its vapor pressure (1).
What is the LD50 for propylene glycol?
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Acute oral toxicity studies yielded similar, low acute toxicities with relatively high LD50 values ranging from 8000-46000 mg/kg/day propylene glycol for rodents and 18000-20000 mg/kg/day for both rabbits and guinea pigs. Clinical signs (loss of balance, marked depression, and analgesia) were reported in the rabbit and guinea pig only at extremely high doses that exceeded the established limit dose (5000 mg/kg) for an acute oral toxicity study. Similar effects were also evident in one study with mice only at doses that resulted in lethality (LD50 value of 24800 mg/kg/day).
What is liquid that dissolves?
Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical composition, as, water containing sugar. (Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) (See all compounds classified as Solvents .)
When was propylene glycol approved?
In 1982 , the FDA approved propylene glycol as a safe food additive and deemed it a “Generally Recognized as Safe,” or GRAS, ingredient. In doing so, the FDA set strict guidelines so that the maximum amount of propylene glycol that is used in a food product would not exceed the levels that were considered safe.
How much propylene glycol should I take daily?
Further, the World Health Organization (WHO) has set daily intake restrictions so that consumers and food companies remain aware that the acceptable dietary intake, or ADI, for propylene glycol is 25 mg for every kilogram (kg) of body weight.
Is propylene glycol a good food additive?
Propylene glycol also helps to dissolve ingredients that are added to products so that the product forms an ideal consistency. It’s also a safe food additive that exhibits low levels of toxicity within the body.
Is propylene glycol a liquid?
Propylene glycol is a synthetic liquid that is clear, colorless and tasteless. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers propylene glycol safe for a variety of uses, including for the absorption of extra water in our foods, in medication, and in cosmetics so that they maintain their moisture and preserve color and consistency.
Is propylene glycol a good antimicrobial?
Propylene glycol is also an anti-caking agent, antioxidant, dough strengthener, emulsifier, flavor agent, formulation aid, stabilizer and thickener, glazing agent, texturizer, and antimicrobial agent (helping to kill or slow the growth of microorganisms, like bacteria or fungi that may contaminate food). While this information may be helpful ...
Is propylene glycol safe to use in food?
Putting propylene glycol in perspective. Propylene glycol is used in many products to help preserve their moisture and consistency. It is considered safe for use in food, particularly because it is present in small amounts.
What Is It?
Propylene glycol, also known as 1,2-propanediol, is a synthetic (i.e., man-made) alcohol that attracts/absorbs water. It is a viscous, colorless liquid, which is nearly odorless but possesses a faintly sweet taste.
Why is it used in cosmetics and personal care products?
Because propylene glycol attracts water it functions as a humectant and is used in moisturizers to enhance the appearance of skin by reducing flaking and restoring suppleness. Other reported uses include skin-conditioning agent, viscosity-decreasing agent, solvent, and fragrance ingredient .
Scientific Facts
It’s interesting to note that in the human body, propylene glycol is metabolized into lactic acid, which occurs naturally when muscles are exercised. Propylene glycol is used to create artificial smoke or fog used in fire-fighting training and in theatrical productions.
Why is propylene glycol fluid used?
Propylene glycol fluids are often selected because of their low acute oral toxicity vs. the moderate acute oral toxicity of ethylene glycols.
Why use glycol water in hydronic systems?
While hard water will provide superior heat transfer characteristics, it will also cause costly system damage due to corrosion and has extremely poor performance at low temperatures. For these reasons, we use a glycol-purified water solution in hydronic heating and cooling systems.
Is propylene glycol safe for drinking water?
Dow's food grade propylene glycol is certified to be safe where contact with drinking water is possible, food processing applications where accidental contact with food or beverage products could occur, and applications where propylene glycol use is mandated by law.
Is ethylene glycol safe for transport?
Due to its moderate acute oral toxicity, ethylene glycol is SARA and CERCLA reportable for spills and transport. In applications where toxicity is NOT a concern, ethylene glycol is often the heat transfer fluid of choice. Where low toxicity is desired, we would recommend propylene glycol. Propylene glycol fluids are often selected because ...
Can glycol heat transfer fluid be used without inhibitors?
Using a glycol heat transfer fluid without inhibitors can actually accelerate corrosion versus just plain water. Since glycols produce organic acids as they degrade, especially when heated, these acids when left in the system will lower the fluids pH.
Is propylene glycol safe to use in food?
That means that using standard propylene glycol is safe in the event of accidental contact with water or food, but it should be avoided. The ingredients in Dow Food grade or food safe propylene glycol are FDA certified for use as food additives.
Is Dow food grade propylene glycol safe?
Dow's food grade propylene glycol is certified to be safe where contact with drinking water is possible, in food processing applications where accidental contact with food or beverage products could occur, and in applications where propylene glycol use is mandated by law.
When was ethylene glycol used as a coolant?
Although ethylene glycol has been around since the 1850s, it was not considered for use as an automotive coolant until World War I when it was used in military vehicles to prevent radiators from icing up overnight. Initially it was used as a substitute for glycerol, a component in explosives. American production cars did not begin using any ...
What is the color of oat coolant?
OAT coolants are currently easily available from most auto parts stores. Hybrid Organic Acid Technology or HOAT: This coolant is usually dyed yellow but comes in other colors like green, pink, blue, red and orange, which leads to a lot of confusion. One way to know for sure if you are getting HOAT will be by the packaging.
What is the green stuff that is used in the original equipment?
Inorganic Acid Technology or IAT: This is the common green stuff original equipment manufacturers have used for over 70 years. Ethylene glycol is its base chemical and there are silicate and phosphate additives that make it compatible with copper, brass, cast iron and aluminum cooling system components.
What color is ECD?
ECD can be attributed as the cause of many premature coolant system failures. Volkswagen, Audi and other European vehicles use antifreeze that can be blue, pink or red in color. Most of these are available under the brand name Pentosin in 1.5-liter bottles.
Overview
Propylene glycol (IUPAC name: propane-1,2-diol) is a viscous, colorless liquid, which is nearly odorless but possesses a faintly sweet taste. Its chemical formula is CH3CH(OH)CH2OH. Containing two alcohol groups, it is classed as a diol. It is miscible with a broad range of solvents, including water, acetone, and chloroform. In general, glycols are non-irritating and have very low volatility.
Structure
The compound is sometimes called (alpha) α-propylene glycol to distinguish it from the isomer propane-1,3-diol, known as (beta) β-propylene glycol. Propylene glycol is chiral. Commercial processes typically use the racemate. The S-isomer is produced by biotechnological routes.
Production
Industrially, propylene glycol is mainly produced from propylene oxide (for food-grade use). According to a 2018 source, 2.16 M tonnes are produced annually. Manufacturers use either non-catalytic high-temperature process at 200 °C (392 °F) to 220 °C (428 °F), or a catalytic method, which proceeds at 150 °C (302 °F) to 180 °C (356 °F) in the presence of ion exchange resin or a small amount of …
Applications
Forty-five percent of propylene glycol produced is used as a chemical feedstock for the production of unsaturated polyester resins. In this regard, propylene glycol reacts with a mixture of unsaturated maleic anhydride and isophthalic acid to give a copolymer. This partially unsaturated polymer undergoes further crosslinking to yield thermoset plastics. Related to this application, propylene g…
Miscellaneous applications
• As a solvent for many substances, both natural and synthetic.
• As a humectant (E1520).
• As a freezing point depressant for slurry ice.
• In veterinary medicine as an oral treatment for hyperketonaemia in ruminants.
Safety in humans
When used in average quantities, propylene glycol has no measurable effect on development and/or reproduction on animals and probably does not adversely affect human development or reproduction. The safety of electronic cigarettes—which utilize propylene glycol-based preparations of nicotine or THC and other cannabinoids—is the subject of much controversy. Vitamin E acetate has also b…
Environmental impacts
Propylene glycol occurs naturally, probably as the result of anaerobic catabolism of sugars in the human gut. It is degraded by vitamin B12-dependent enzymes, which convert it to propionaldehyde.
Propylene glycol is expected to degrade rapidly in water from biological processes, but is not expected to be significantly influenced by hydrolysis, oxidation, volatilization, bioconcentration, or
External links
• Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
• Alton E. Martin - Frank H. Murphy, DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY
• Propylene glycol website
• WebBook page for C3H8O2