Quantitative Research
TYPES OF RESEARCH (based on methodology) QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Descriptive (What is the current situation?) ‐numerical data gathered through tests, surveys, observations, interviews ‐ variables are not manipulated but are measured as they occur ‐subgroups may be compared
Qualitative Research
Methods for collecting data
- Qualitative vs. quantitative data. Your choice of qualitative or quantitative data collection depends on the type of knowledge you want to develop.
- Primary vs. secondary data. Primary data is any original information that you collect for the purposes of answering your research question (e.g. ...
- Descriptive vs. experimental data. ...
Basic research
Types of Research <ul><li>Phone Sourcing. This type of research is done through cold-calling into companies and getting names and contact numbers of the people who work for that company. </li></ul><ul><li>Internet Research. This type of research is done solely through the Internet. </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Active Research.
Applied Research
- Observations and formation of the topic: Consists of the subject area of one's interest and following that subject area to conduct subject-related research. ...
- Hypothesis: A testable prediction which designates the relationship between two or more variables.
- Conceptual definition: Description of a concept by relating it to other concepts.
Problem oriented research
What are the 5 types of research?
What are the four methods of research?
What are the true types of research?
What are the two main types of scientific research?
What are the major types of research?
Fundamental and applied research are the two main research categories. Most research can be defined as fundamental or applied, depending on the goals of the study.
What are the two types of research settings?
The research setting can be seen as the physical, social, and cultural site in which the researcher conducts the study. In qualitative research, the focus is mainly on meaning-making, and the researcher studies the participants in their natural setting.
What is primary research and secondary research?
Every research method, traditional or modern, falls into one of two categories: primary research or secondary research. Primary research is information gathered through self-conducted research methods, while secondary research is information gathered from previously conducted studies.
What are the two types of research according to MLA?
There are two types of research papers: informational and analytical. The informational paper summarizes and presents factual information in a coherent and organized way. The analytical paper includes research findings from primary and secondary sources, in addition to the writer's own analysis of the research topic.
What is research in science?
Research is an investigation conducted to seek knowledge and find the solution to the scientific and social problems. It includes the collection of information from various sources. New research can contribute to existing knowledge. The types of research can be categorized from the following perspectives;
What is primary research?
Primary research is conducted to increase knowledge. It is also known as theoretical research, pure research, and fundamental research. It provides in-depth knowledge about the scientific and logical explanations and its conclusions.
What is the purpose of exploratory research?
Explanatory research is conducted to know why and how two or more variables are interrelated. Researchers usually conduct experiments to know the effect of specific changes among two or more variables.
What is descriptive research?
Descriptive research is carried out to describe current issues, programs, and provides information about the issue through surveys and various fact-finding methods. It includes co-relational and comparative methods of research.
What is applied research?
Applied research is conducted to find solutions for practical problems. It uses the outcomes of basic research as its base. The results of applied research are applied immediately. It includes case studies, experimental research.
Why do we use mixed methods in research?
Over the last few decades, much of the research in the world of academia has been conducted using mixed methods. Due to its greater legitimacy, this particular technique has gained for several reasons, including the feeling that combining the two types of research can provide holistic and more dependable results.
What is cross sectional research?
Cross-sectional research gathers and compares the information from various groups of the population at the same point. It may not provide the exact reason and relationship between the subjects but gives a broad picture to study multiple groups at the same time.
What is the first part of research?
The first part of designing research is to determine what you want to study and what your goals are . For example, you may simply want to learn more about a topic, or you may want to try to determine how a new policy will affect ...
What is research in business?
Research is how individuals and businesses collect and analyze data. Accurate and relevant research guides key business decisions, including marketing plans, staffing decisions and expansions. Determining what data is most useful and the most effective ways to obtain it can help your company make the most successful long-term decisions.
What is experimentation research?
Experimentation is often fixed research. For example, a researcher may test how different labels affect consumers' ratings of a sports drink. The researcher must try to control all other variables that may affect how the participants rate the drink, except the label.
What is exploratory research?
Exploratory research is designed to examine what is already known about a topic and what additional information may be relevant . It rarely answers a specific question, but rather presents the foundational knowledge of a subject as a precursor to additional research. Often, exploratory research applies to lesser known issues and phenomena.
What is causal research?
This research is designed to identify how much one variable may cause a change in the other. Causal research is important for evaluating current processes and procedures and determining if and how changes should take place.
What is quantitative research?
Quantitative research. Quantitative research depend s on numerical data, such as statistics and measurements. For example, a car manufacturer may compare the number of sales of red sedans compared to white sedans. The research uses objective data — the sales figures for red and white sedans — to draw conclusions.
What is longitudinal research?
Longitudinal research focuses on how certain measurements change over time without manipulating any variables. For instance, a researcher may examine if and how employee satisfaction changes in the same employees after one year, three years and five years with the same company.
What are the two types of research?
Research can be of two types. One is applied (or action) research. Second is fundamental (to basic or pure) research. Applied research works by finding a solution for an immediate problem. These problems are faced by society or by industry whereas fundamental research is primarily concerned with the formulation of a theory. “Gathering knowledge for knowledge’s sake is termed ‘pure’ or ‘basic’ research.” Research which is more concerned with a natural phenomenon or relating to pure mathematics is fundamental research. Those research studies which are based on human behavior are also examples of fundamental research.
What is research in science?
Research is a systematic inquiry on a specific topic. When you want to get the information on a particular topic, you take a process to enhance your knowledge. There are different types of research out there. But it depends on you what type you prefer.
What is exploratory research?
Exploratory research provides a basis of conclusive research. It will help in making of research design, sampling methodology and data collection method. Exploratory research tackles new problems on which no research has been done.
What is pure research?
Pure research is carried out to generate new human knowledge. To uncover new facts or fundamental principles you need pure research. The researcher wants to advance in a specific field, for example, neuroscience, by answering a specific question, such as “Why do humans sleep?” Pure research is based on experimentation and observation. The results of your research are published in peer-reviewed journals. This is science. Rigorous standards and methodologies exist to preserve objectivity and ensure the credibility of conclusions. (Things get squishy when corporations fund ostensibly pure research, as they frequently do.)
What is descriptive research?
Descriptive research consists of surveys and fact-finding inquiries of various kinds. The major reason to carry out descriptive research is describing the state of affairs as it exists at present. When we do descriptive result in social science and business research, we use the term Ex post facto research for descriptive research work. The main feature of this method is that the researcher doesn’t have control over the variables; he can only report things like what has happened or what is happening.
What are some examples of qualitative research?
Attitude or opinion research is also an example of kinds of qualitative research. Other examples are how people feel about a particular institution. Behavioral science has an important place for qualitative research. The aim of this research type is to discover the motives of human behavior.
Why are rigorous standards and methodologies important?
Rigorous standards and methodologies exist to preserve objectivity and ensure the credibility of conclusions. (Things get squishy when corporations fund ostensibly pure research, as they frequently do.) Applied research borrows ideas and techniques from pure research to serve a specific real-world goal.
What are the two types of research?
There are two main types of research: quantitative and qualitative research. They are very unique and are performed in different ways to give very different types of information. Quantitative research is probably what you first think of when you think of research.
What are the two basic research approaches?
The two basic research approaches are quantitative and qualitative research. Both types have different purposes. Quantitative research is statistics-based. It involves questions that can best be answered in numbers. To get the statistics, researchers often conduct experiments or give surveys.
What is descriptive research?
This is when a researcher collects relevant facts and information on a specific subject in order to vividly portray or describe what is going on. For descriptive research in action, consider the work of Norman Finkelstein. Many of Finkelstein’s books center on the conflict between Israel and Palestine.
How do researchers get statistics?
To get the statistics, researchers often conduct experiments or give surveys. They then analyze the numbers with statistical models to see what the data tells them. Qualitative research is description-based. Qualitative researchers observe and interview people.
What is research approach?
Research approaches may be quantitative, or concerned with numbers, statistics, and graphs, or qualitative, in search of in-depth information and insights about nature and experiences. Research may also be inductive, to develop a hypothesis, a generalization from specifics, or deductive, to prove or disprove a current hypothesis.
Why is qualitative research descriptive?
Qualitative research is descriptive in nature, because it generally deals with non-numerical and unquantifiable things. A biologist studying symbiotic relationships in nature, for example, would use qualitative research, because the scientist would more often than not be describing behaviors of animals.
What is the design of a research methodology?
In other words, the design is the plan, the method is how to realize that plan. There are important factors at play when creating a research methodology. These include ethics, the validity of data, and reliability. Accounting for the time spent on collecting and analyzing data is also a prudent move.
What is research design?
It is a framework that includes the methods and procedures to collect, analyze, and interpret data.
What is descriptive research?
Descriptive Research. In studies where the researcher is interested in describing a case, situation, or phenomenon, they are acting under a descriptive research design. As a theory-based design, it is interested in answering the how, what, when, and where questions, instead of the why.
What does Bliesmer (1970) say about designing research?
Bliesmer (1970) notes, however, that designing research may fail to account for flexibility and the duration of the research. In this article, we’ll look at the different types of research design and which particular field of study they are most suited to.
Is the design of research valid?
It is valid. The design of the research also indicates the tools and techniques by which to measure results. If the design is sound, these tools will be correct and appropriate for the job, which will be defined as those that can help a researcher in measuring the results. It is reliable.
Who was the first pragmatic researcher?
Aristotle himself probably initiated the first pragmatic approach to research (Teddlie, 2008), though this is more of a proto-mixed method. A true pragmatic researcher, instead, uses any or both approaches to research design as fits the scope of the study and the questions it seeks to answer.
Is research design logical or logistical?
Yin (2014) has a succinct way of differentiating the two: design is logical, while method is logistical. In other words, the design is the plan, the method is how to realize that plan.
What are some examples of clinical research?
Examples of other kinds of clinical research#N#Many people believe that all clinical research involves testing of new medications or devices. This is not true, however. Some studies do not involve testing medications and a person’s regular medications may not need to be changed. Healthy volunteers are also needed so that researchers can compare their results to results of people with the illness being studied. Some examples of other kinds of research include the following: 1 A long-term study that involves psychological tests or brain scans 2 A genetic study that involves blood tests but no changes in medication 3 A study of family history that involves talking to family members to learn about people’s medical needs and history.
What is treatment research?
Treatment Research generally involves an intervention such as medication, psychotherapy, new devices, or new approaches to surgery or radiation therapy. Prevention Research looks for better ways to prevent disorders from developing or returning. Different kinds of prevention research may study medicines, vitamins, vaccines, minerals, ...
What is an inpatient study?
Some is “inpatient,” meaning that participants will need to stay for at least one night in the hospital or research center. Be sure to ask the researchers what their study requires. Clinical trials are a kind of clinical research designed to evaluate and test new interventions such as psychotherapy or medications.
How many phases are there in clinical trials?
Clinical trials are often conducted in four phases. The trials at each phase have a different purpose and help scientists answer different questions. Researchers test an experimental drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time.
What is phase IV research?
Examples of other kinds of clinical research. Many people believe that all clinical research involves testing of new medications or devices .
What is epidemiological research?
Epidemiological studies seek to identify the patterns, causes, and control of disorders in groups of people. An important note: some clinical research is “outpatient,” meaning that participants do not stay overnight at the hospital. Some is “inpatient,” meaning that participants will need to stay for at least one night in ...
What is an experimental drug?
The experimental drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety. Phase III trials. The experimental study drug or treatment is given to large groups of people.
According to Its Purpose
- Theoretical Research
Theoretical research, also referred to as pure or basic research, focuses on generating knowledge, regardless of its practical application. Here, data collection is used to generate new general concepts for a better understanding of a particular field or to answer a theoretical research ques…
According to Your Depth of Scope
- Exploratory Research
Exploratory research is used for the preliminary investigation of a subject that is not yet well understood or sufficiently researched. It serves to establish a frame of reference and a hypothesis from which an in-depth study can be developed that will enable conclusive results to be generat… - Descriptive Research
The primary objective of descriptive research is to define the characteristics of a particular phenomenon without necessarily investigating the causes that produce it. In this type of research, the researcher must take particular care not to intervene in the observed object or phenomenon, …
According to The Type of Data Used
- Qualitative Research
Qualitative methods are often used in the social sciences to collect, compare and interpret information, has a linguistic-semiotic basis and is used in techniques such as discourse analysis, interviews, surveys, records and participant observations. In order to use statistical methods to … - Quantitative Research
Quantitative research study delves into a phenomena through quantitative data collection and using mathematical, statistical and computer-aided tools to measure them. This allows generalised conclusions to be projected over time.
According to The Degree of Manipulation of Variables
- Experimental Research
It is about designing or replicating a phenomenon whose variables are manipulated under strictly controlled conditions in order to identify or discover its effect on another independent variable or object. The phenomenon to be studied is measured through study and control groups, and accor… - Non-Experimental Research
Also known as an observational study, it focuses on the analysis of a phenomenon in its natural context. As such, the researcher does not intervene directly, but limits their involvement to measuring the variables required for the study. Due to its observational nature, it is often used i…
According to The Time in Which It Is Carried Out
- Longitudinal Study
It is the monitoring of the same event, individual or group over a defined period of time. It aims to track changes in a number of variables and see how they evolve over time. It is often used in medical, psychological and social areas. - Cross-Sectional Study
Cross-sectional research design is used to observe phenomena, an individual or a group of research subjects at a given time.
According to The Sources of Information
- Primary Research
This fundamental research type is defined by the fact that the data is collected directly from the source, that is, it consists of primary, first-hand information. - Secondary research
Unlike primary research, secondary research is developed with information from secondary sources, which are generally based on scientific literature and other documents compiled by another researcher.
According to How The Data Is Obtained
- Documentary
Documentary research, or secondary sources, is based on a systematic review of existing sources of information on a particular subject. This type of scientific research is commonly used when undertaking literature reviews or producing a case study. - Field
Field researchstudy involves the direct collection of information at the location where the observed phenomenon occurs.
Fundamental Research
- Fundamental, or basic, research is designed to help researchers better understand certain phenomena in the world; it looks at how things work. This research attempts to broaden your understanding and expand scientific theories and explanations. For example, fundamental research could include a company's study of how different product placements affect product s…
Applied Research
- Applied research is designed to identify solutions to specific problems or find answers to specific questions. The research is meant to offer knowledge that is applicable and implementable. For instance, applied research may include a study on ways to increase student involvement in the classroom. This research focuses on a defined problem and is solution-based. Fundamental an…
Qualitative Research
- Qualitative research involves nonnumerical data, such as opinions and literature. Examples of qualitative data may include: 1. Focus groups 2. Surveys 3. Participant comments 4. Observations 5. Interviews Businesses often use qualitative research to determine consumer opinions and reactions. For instance, a marketing organization may present a new ...
Quantitative Research
- Quantitative research depends on numerical data, such as statistics and measurements. For example, a car manufacturer may compare the number of sales of red sedans compared to white sedans. The research uses objective data—the sales figures for red and white sedans—to draw conclusions.
Mixed Research
- Mixed research includes both qualitative and quantitative data. Consider the car manufacturer comparing sedan sales. The company could also ask car buyers to complete a survey after buying a red or white sedan that asks how much the color impacted their decision and other opinion-based questions. Related: Quantitative and Qualitative Research: Uses for Each
Exploratory Research
- Exploratory research is designed to examine what is already known about a topic and what additional information may be relevant. It rarely answers a specific question, but rather presents the foundational knowledge of a subject as a precursor to additional research. Often, exploratory research applies to lesser known issues and phenomena. For instance, you may consider what i…
Longitudinal Research
- Longitudinal research focuses on how certain measurements change over time without manipulating any variables. For instance, a researcher may examine if and how employee satisfaction changes in the same employees after one year, three years and five years with the same company.
Cross-Sectional Research
- Cross-sectional research studies a group or subgroup at one point in time. Participants are generally chosen based on certain shared characteristics, such as age, gender or income, and researchers examine the similarities and differences within groups and between groups. The group is often used as a representation of a larger population. Similar to longitudinal research, r…
Field Research
- Field research takes place wherever the participants or subjects are, or "on location." This type of research requires onsite observation and data collection. For instance, a manufacturing plant may hire an environmental engineering firm to test the air quality at the plant to ensure it complies with all health and safety requirements. The researchers would travel to the plant to collect samples. …
Laboratory Research
- Laboratory research takes place in a controlled laboratory setting rather than in the field. Often, the study demands strict adherence to certain conditions, such as elimination of variables or timing conditions. Laboratory research includes chemical experimentation and pharmacological research. Related: What Is a Medical Researcher?
What Research is?
Why Is Research Helpful to Students?
- This question may come to your psyche while you are in your academic career. You often think that what is a need of doing a research work? Why universities want us to carry out research. Then read below to find your answer.
Two Main Types of Research
- Pure researchis carried out to generate new human knowledge. To uncover new facts or fundamental principles you need pure research. The researcher wants to advance in a specific field, for example, neuroscience, by answering a specific question, such as “Why do humans sleep?” Pure research is based on experimentation and observation. The results of...
Different Types of Research and A Thin Line of Demarcation in Them
- So now you have understood about two main types of research in the above paragraph. But that is not enough. There are further types of research presentations. You may say these are the subdivision of above-mentioned types. Now you will learn about different types of research and basic difference in them.
What Research Is Not?
- Research work is not about asking people what they like and what not
When you begin interviewing people involved in business decisions, you will hear them saying what they like and don’t like. “Like” word doesn’t suits a critical thinker. On subconscious level, we all wish that things we do to be liked. So it’s easy to treat likability as a leading success indicator… - Research is not a political tool
Don’t let your methods come out of a fake desire. By this, I meant to show yourself a smart or conform with other person’s picture of research. Often clients will argue for doing interviews in a usability lab even when it isn’t appropriate, just because it feels research. You’ll need to explain a…
Conclusion
- So I hope after reading the above information, you may get a good hand over types of research. Let’s have quick recall of the things we have discussed in the blog. Firstly I have discussed the purpose of research for students. What importance does a research work held in a students life? After that, I have explained you the two basic types of research, i.e., applied research and pure re…
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