Receiving Helpdesk

what are the three types of verbs in asl

by Kaia Effertz Published 3 years ago Updated 2 years ago

Verbs in American Sign Language

  • Plain Verbs. Not all ASL verbs can be inflected to indicate the subject and the object in a sentence. They are called "plain verbs".
  • Indicating verbs. The plain verbs are a small set of verbs that cannot be modulated. ...
  • Depicting verbs. Another category of ASL verbs is depicting verbs. Many of these verbs are known as "classifier predicates".

Verbs and Usage
Verbs in ASL come in three types: plain, inflecting, and spatial.

Full Answer

What are the three types of verbs in ASL?

Verbs in American Sign Language

  • Plain Verbs. Not all ASL verbs can be inflected to indicate the subject and the object in a sentence. They are called "plain verbs".
  • Indicating verbs. The plain verbs are a small set of verbs that cannot be modulated. ...
  • Depicting verbs. Another category of ASL verbs is depicting verbs. Many of these verbs are known as "classifier predicates".

Is ASL a real language like English?

Is ASL a real language like English? Yes, American Sign Language is a real language. It takes a year or more to get efficient enough to listen to English verbally and translate it into sign language for the deaf who are depending the an accurate translation. Just like shorthand is a real language.

What is the list of all linking verbs?

Linking Verb PDF. While the most common linking verbs are am, is, are, was, were, being, and been, sensory words like look and felt are also used as linking verbs.Get a list of common linking verbs just download the PDF. View & Download PDF

What are the most common English verbs?

ask. work. seem. feel. try. leave. call. This list is indicative only and actual words may change over time. Source: Oxford English Dictionary.

What are indicating verbs in ASL?

Indicating verbs are a class of verbs that move in space between (and/or are oriented toward/away from) the locations of physically present referents and/or locations associated with absent referents. They have been attested in the vast majority of sign languages documented to date (e.g. Mathur & Rathmann 2010).

Is there a verb to be in ASL?

And, there are NO “To be verbs” in ASL. In English, the “To be verbs” include: am, is, are, was, were, be. Now, in American Sign Language, this is how you can substitute the “to be” verbs. “Become” can function as a “to be” verb.

What is an example of an ASL agreement verbs?

Similarly, verbs of saying, such as TELL, ASK, ANSWER, TELL-A-STORY, and ASL SAY-NO-TO also became agreement verbs.

What is verb agreement in ASL?

Figure 9.1 shows what is often called “verb agreement” in the literature. This phenomenon has been noted in many signed languages. The two signs, taken from American Sign Language (ASL), both describe a person asking another person. The difference lies in which of the two persons is asking the other.

How do verbs work in ASL?

ASL generally does not use "state of being" verbs (am, is, are, was, were -- sometimes referred to as "be verbs"). Nor does ASL use separate specific signs for articles (a, an, the). ASL tends to establish tense early on during sentences that are not present tense.

What is a directional verb in ASL?

A directional verb is a sign that includes the subject, verb and object in one movement. A directional verb allows the signer to change the subject and object by changing the direction of the verb. Plural and singular subjects and objects can also be indicated by directional verbs.

What are inflected verbs in ASL?

Many ASL verbs can be inflected to indicate the subject and the object in a sentence. These inflected verbs are called indicating verbs. It's the opposite from the above. Changing the direction of the verb results in a different subject-object structure, that is help-me.

What is a subject verb agreement?

The Basics. Subjects and verbs must AGREE with one another in NUMBER. Thus, if a subject is singular, its verb must also be singular; if a subject is plural, its verb must also be plural.

What does Cardinal mean in ASL?

Cardinal numbers are the numbers you use for counting: one, two, three...and so on. Ordinal Numbers are used to indicate position: first, second, third, fourth...and so on. In ASL, ordinal numbers 1 through 9 are done similar to cardinal numbers except they use a little twist of the wrist.

What is a modified verb in ASL?

A verb is a word that expresses an action, an event, or a state of being about the subject. Many ASL verbs can be modulated to indicate the subject and the object in a sentence. These inflected verbs are called indicating verbs.

What are the 5 ASL parameters?

In American Sign Language (ASL), we use the 5 Parameters of ASL to describe how a sign behaves within the signer's space. The parameters are handshape, palm orientation, movement, location, and expression/non-manual signals.

What is role shifting in ASL?

Role shifting is an indexing part of the grammatical structure of ASL. It indicates who says and/or what a character does. This grammatical device is commonly used in dialogues or what is called "Direct Address" narrative between two characters or persons.

What is the difference between ASL and English?

Just like English, every ASL sentence consists of a subject and a predicate.

What is the subject of a sentence?

Subject - The noun or noun phrases in the sentence. Describes the main focus of the sentence - the person, place, thing, idea, or activity.#N#Predicate - A predicate can be a verb, a noun, an adjective, or a classifier. The predicate contains the words or signs that describe the action preformed by the subject or that say something about the subject.

image
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
8.3.21PHP Version1.15sRequest Duration2MBMemory UsageGET {post}Route
  • warninglog[02:57:31] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[02:57:31] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[02:57:31] LOG.warning: Callables of the form ["Swift_SmtpTransport", "Swift_Transport_EsmtpTranspor...
  • warninglog[02:57:31] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[02:57:31] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[02:57:31] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[02:57:31] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[02:57:31] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[02:57:31] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • Booting (12.15ms)
  • Application (1.13s)
  • 1 x Application (98.91%)
    1.13s
    1 x Booting (1.06%)
    12.15ms
    7 templates were rendered
    • themes.DevBlog.content.post (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/content/post.blade.php)34blade
      Params
      0
      post
      1
      postContent
      2
      author
      3
      updated_at
      4
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      5
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      6
      bing_related_keywords
      7
      google_related_keywords
      8
      bing_news_title
      9
      bing_news_description
      10
      bing_videos
      11
      bing_images
      12
      bing_search_result_title
      13
      bing_search_result_description
      14
      bing_search_result_url
      15
      bing_paa_questions
      16
      bing_paa_answers
      17
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      18
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      19
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      20
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      21
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      22
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      23
      google_faq_questions
      24
      google_faq_answers
      25
      google_rich_snippet
      26
      google_search_result
      27
      indexedArray
      28
      total_images
      29
      total_videos
      30
      settings
      31
      url_current
      32
      menus
      33
      sidebar
    • themes.DevBlog.layouts.master (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/layouts/master.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.head (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/head.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.header (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/header.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.navbar (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/navbar.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.footer (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/footer.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.scripts (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/scripts.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    uri
    GET {post}
    middleware
    web, checkdate
    as
    post.show
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\Frontend\json_data\PostController@show
    namespace
    where
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/json_data/PostController.php:18-166
    7 statements were executed1.11s
    • select * from `posts` where `published_at` <= '2025-06-09 02:57:31' and `slug` = 'what-are-the-three-types-of-verbs-in-asl' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      3.25ms/app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 2025-06-09 02:57:31
      • 1. what-are-the-three-types-of-verbs-in-asl
      Backtrace
      • 15. /app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:842
      • 19. Route binding:39
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:78
    • select * from `json_post_contents` where `json_post_contents`.`post_id` = 199742 and `json_post_contents`.`post_id` is not null and `rewrite_id` = 0
      4.7msmiddleware::checkdate:30receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 199742
      • 1. 0
      Backtrace
      • 19. middleware::checkdate:30
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/jetstream/src/Http/Middleware/ShareInertiaData.php:61
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
    • select * from `nova_menu_menus` where `slug` = 'header' limit 1
      590μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. header
      Backtrace
      • 15. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` = 1 and `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` is not null and `parent_id` is null order by `parent_id` asc, `order` asc, `name` asc
      390μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 1
      Backtrace
      • 19. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 20. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`parent_id` in (1) order by `order` asc
      240μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Backtrace
      • 24. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 25. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select `id`, `post_title`, `slug` from `posts` where `status` = 'publish' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 10
      1.1s/app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. publish
      Backtrace
      • 14. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22
      • 15. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:12
      • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177
    • select * from `fake_users` where `fake_users`.`id` = 27076 limit 1
      680μsview::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 27076
      Backtrace
      • 21. view::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:108
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 25. /vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
      • 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:61
    App\Models\FakeUser
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\MenuItem
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\Menu
    1
    App\Models\JsonPostContent
    1
    App\Models\Post
    11
        _token
        S9DlGn9UwG4VEjUM3IV89zpkIArs3hMgbiFeGOFV
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/what-are-the-three-types-of-verbs-in-asl" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /what-are-the-three-types-of-verbs-in-asl
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:25 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "_pk_id.64.7c30=2b60031d50126c8d.1749418043.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ind2OG5MZ01VYlNXOG5uN2RoM29SdXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQWZpNnJrYkdTdmlyNEFTVVJvWFJ1djlwT1p1T0dlTEY2bzd2ZE5sRlpSRWd0blBNUXQ3SUF2RTc5bzRpRUthVXZWY2JrT0dtRy9sY295VFpsaUo1cTMxdVJCOW5CaSthMU54Y1FyTXAzZVRLZThLWUxKZVFHQ1diUXk5eUpScWUiLCJtYWMiOiI0Zjc2NzNjMDVkNjFhZTc5MjI4ZTM0MTNjNTQwZmI2MTZmZWFiYzU4Y2ViYzI5ODk4YzJlMGU2NTQ3MzA4ODQwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6ImhablA5WTM2R3l4WVVTcHlKZFRjYXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicWNhWVJoZnUwbnJaVTF6QkFFMmlrT3VxYXlyYXBIZitGeExMQTRuVHVPdXpOS0k4N0JCdVBZdTIwcXo3cUFtUmZReENxOWdGZ3NsMGtiMWt4YUtMdWVoUlZUeStyQ3NSc2UrcllKc2dpMUhkemFnd1pNcWx4bFdTN1JYeUliNXoiLCJtYWMiOiI5N2I1NDE4Y2NiYjQ3MzBmMDJiNDVjMTgzZmEyYWI0NWVmMzI5OTgwOGU0MTJjNWZjYWQ1YTNmYzhjZjQzYTBhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D_pk_id.64.7c30=2b60031d50126c8d.1749418043.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ind2OG5MZ01VYlNXOG5uN2RoM29SdXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQWZpNnJrYkdTdmlyNEFTVVJvWFJ1d" ] "cf-ipcountry" => array:1 [ 0 => "US" ] "cf-connecting-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.192" ] "cdn-loop" => array:1 [ 0 => "cloudflare; loops=1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, br" ] "cf-ray" => array:1 [ 0 => "94cb79461ddbc667-ORD" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "cf-visitor" => array:1 [ 0 => "{"scheme":"https"}" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "close" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.192, 172.69.17.168" ] "x-server-addr" => array:1 [ 0 => "154.12.239.204" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "receivinghelpdesk.com" ] ]
        request_server
        0 of 0
        array:56 [ "USER" => "runcloud" "HOME" => "/home/runcloud" "SCRIPT_NAME" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_URI" => "/ask/what-are-the-three-types-of-verbs-in-asl" "QUERY_STRING" => "" "REQUEST_METHOD" => "GET" "SERVER_PROTOCOL" => "HTTP/1.0" "GATEWAY_INTERFACE" => "CGI/1.1" "REDIRECT_URL" => "/ask/what-are-the-three-types-of-verbs-in-asl" "REMOTE_PORT" => "56062" "SCRIPT_FILENAME" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/ask/index.php" "SERVER_ADMIN" => "you@example.com" "CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "CONTEXT_PREFIX" => "" "REQUEST_SCHEME" => "http" "DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "REMOTE_ADDR" => "172.69.17.168" "SERVER_PORT" => "80" "SERVER_ADDR" => "127.0.0.1" "SERVER_NAME" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "SERVER_SOFTWARE" => "Apache/2.4.63 (Unix) OpenSSL/1.1.1f" "SERVER_SIGNATURE" => "" "LD_LIBRARY_PATH" => "/RunCloud/Packages/apache2-rc/lib" "PATH" => "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" "HTTP_COOKIE" => "_pk_id.64.7c30=2b60031d50126c8d.1749418043.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ind2OG5MZ01VYlNXOG5uN2RoM29SdXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQWZpNnJrYkdTdmlyNEFTVVJvWFJ1djlwT1p1T0dlTEY2bzd2ZE5sRlpSRWd0blBNUXQ3SUF2RTc5bzRpRUthVXZWY2JrT0dtRy9sY295VFpsaUo1cTMxdVJCOW5CaSthMU54Y1FyTXAzZVRLZThLWUxKZVFHQ1diUXk5eUpScWUiLCJtYWMiOiI0Zjc2NzNjMDVkNjFhZTc5MjI4ZTM0MTNjNTQwZmI2MTZmZWFiYzU4Y2ViYzI5ODk4YzJlMGU2NTQ3MzA4ODQwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6ImhablA5WTM2R3l4WVVTcHlKZFRjYXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicWNhWVJoZnUwbnJaVTF6QkFFMmlrT3VxYXlyYXBIZitGeExMQTRuVHVPdXpOS0k4N0JCdVBZdTIwcXo3cUFtUmZReENxOWdGZ3NsMGtiMWt4YUtMdWVoUlZUeStyQ3NSc2UrcllKc2dpMUhkemFnd1pNcWx4bFdTN1JYeUliNXoiLCJtYWMiOiI5N2I1NDE4Y2NiYjQ3MzBmMDJiNDVjMTgzZmEyYWI0NWVmMzI5OTgwOGU0MTJjNWZjYWQ1YTNmYzhjZjQzYTBhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D_pk_id.64.7c30=2b60031d50126c8d.1749418043.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ind2OG5MZ01VYlNXOG5uN2RoM29SdXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQWZpNnJrYkdTdmlyNEFTVVJvWFJ1d" "HTTP_CF_IPCOUNTRY" => "US" "HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP" => "216.73.216.192" "HTTP_CDN_LOOP" => "cloudflare; loops=1" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_MODE" => "navigate" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_SITE" => "none" "HTTP_ACCEPT" => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" "HTTP_USER_AGENT" => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" "HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS" => "1" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_PLATFORM" => ""Windows"" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_MOBILE" => "?0" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA" => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" "HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL" => "no-cache" "HTTP_PRAGMA" => "no-cache" "HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING" => "gzip, br" "HTTP_CF_RAY" => "94cb79461ddbc667-ORD" "HTTP_PRIORITY" => "u=0, i" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_DEST" => "document" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_USER" => "?1" "HTTP_CF_VISITOR" => "{"scheme":"https"}" "HTTP_CONNECTION" => "close" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO" => "https" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR" => "216.73.216.192, 172.69.17.168" "HTTP_X_SERVER_ADDR" => "154.12.239.204" "HTTP_HOST" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "HTTPS" => "on" "REDIRECT_STATUS" => "200" "REDIRECT_HTTPS" => "on" "FCGI_ROLE" => "RESPONDER" "PHP_SELF" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT" => 1749418051.5574 "REQUEST_TIME" => 1749418051 ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "_pk_id_64_7c30" => null "_pk_ses_64_7c30" => null "XSRF-TOKEN" => "S9DlGn9UwG4VEjUM3IV89zpkIArs3hMgbiFeGOFV" "askhelpdesk_session" => "9ANDWjczO14JADHZaanra7CbxzgaOk0VcWtj8uGS" ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:7 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "private, must-revalidate" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Sun, 08 Jun 2025 21:27:31 GMT" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "expires" => array:1 [ 0 => -1 ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjhYRDV6UHFETmdaRjJKRGpBY2tkb0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiT0Z6RjltUE1adTdQb2NpdlhxamQwRmZieGE5UFVoTjRWODNMdWxEUytCQnJCY3VrbUhNL1dNY2l2RmZxOGl2SzRtTTRVVkNKaFdGTkdaTnlsUkNVM2cvTEZQMkVlQWtBQ242N3lvZTcxVGxXTDNVYndFSEJSNTE5ak9zS2hpckkiLCJtYWMiOiIwMmI1MTRmNGIyMTRjYmFjNDk3MjA3MTRiMmM5Mzg4YjNkOThhNGJkODdlZDY2MjFlZjc1NDAwZDc1MzBjMDZhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sun, 08-Jun-2025 23:27:32 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjhYRDV6UHFETmdaRjJKRGpBY2tkb0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiT0Z6RjltUE1adTdQb2NpdlhxamQwRmZieGE5UFVoTjRWODNMdWxEUytCQnJCY3VrbUhNL1dNY2l2RmZxOGl2SzRtTTRVV" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IkJ4QVZobzd3SE1LNDhsaTJRZVR1U2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVkpxM3FkOW95M3VNc3RYNHFTSjdVdWsxSG5XaCtEOC83eFUyVzY3WkJlL0RtRSs5WU1TeDFwVE53MVFnSlRhN2tiTmZiQVFCYU4wZ25Eb29teEM3Ykd1YnhZbnJub2EwTmdncHQ4dm4yckRJR3FQU1pqcVI4blZDQjUyYUdWUkoiLCJtYWMiOiJmY2ZjZTY1ZWE3M2RmZjEzOTA2NzcwZTZlYWQ4Nzk2ODNkYTUwYzY2M2NhZDM2NDYxNmNhZjIzZDFiMjM3ZWZkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sun, 08-Jun-2025 23:27:32 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; httponly; samesite=laxaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IkJ4QVZobzd3SE1LNDhsaTJRZVR1U2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVkpxM3FkOW95M3VNc3RYNHFTSjdVdWsxSG5XaCtEOC83eFUyVzY3WkJlL0RtRSs5WU1TeDFwVE53MVFnSlRh" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjhYRDV6UHFETmdaRjJKRGpBY2tkb0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiT0Z6RjltUE1adTdQb2NpdlhxamQwRmZieGE5UFVoTjRWODNMdWxEUytCQnJCY3VrbUhNL1dNY2l2RmZxOGl2SzRtTTRVVkNKaFdGTkdaTnlsUkNVM2cvTEZQMkVlQWtBQ242N3lvZTcxVGxXTDNVYndFSEJSNTE5ak9zS2hpckkiLCJtYWMiOiIwMmI1MTRmNGIyMTRjYmFjNDk3MjA3MTRiMmM5Mzg4YjNkOThhNGJkODdlZDY2MjFlZjc1NDAwZDc1MzBjMDZhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sun, 08-Jun-2025 23:27:32 GMT; path=/XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjhYRDV6UHFETmdaRjJKRGpBY2tkb0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiT0Z6RjltUE1adTdQb2NpdlhxamQwRmZieGE5UFVoTjRWODNMdWxEUytCQnJCY3VrbUhNL1dNY2l2RmZxOGl2SzRtTTRVV" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IkJ4QVZobzd3SE1LNDhsaTJRZVR1U2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVkpxM3FkOW95M3VNc3RYNHFTSjdVdWsxSG5XaCtEOC83eFUyVzY3WkJlL0RtRSs5WU1TeDFwVE53MVFnSlRhN2tiTmZiQVFCYU4wZ25Eb29teEM3Ykd1YnhZbnJub2EwTmdncHQ4dm4yckRJR3FQU1pqcVI4blZDQjUyYUdWUkoiLCJtYWMiOiJmY2ZjZTY1ZWE3M2RmZjEzOTA2NzcwZTZlYWQ4Nzk2ODNkYTUwYzY2M2NhZDM2NDYxNmNhZjIzZDFiMjM3ZWZkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sun, 08-Jun-2025 23:27:32 GMT; path=/; httponlyaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IkJ4QVZobzd3SE1LNDhsaTJRZVR1U2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVkpxM3FkOW95M3VNc3RYNHFTSjdVdWsxSG5XaCtEOC83eFUyVzY3WkJlL0RtRSs5WU1TeDFwVE53MVFnSlRh" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "_token" => "S9DlGn9UwG4VEjUM3IV89zpkIArs3hMgbiFeGOFV" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/what-are-the-three-types-of-verbs-in-asl" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]