What are five types of Questioned Documents?
- Wills. • Cheques. • Bank Drafts. • Agreements. • Receipts.
- Identity Theft. • Forgeries. • Counterfeiting. • Suicides. • Homicides.
- Surface features. • Latent images. • Alterations. • Watermarks. • Ink stamps.
What is an example of a questioned document?
Scope of document examination. These include identity theft, forgery, counterfeiting, fraud, or uttering a forged document. Questioned documents are often important in other contexts simply because documents are used in so many contexts and for so many purposes. For example, a person may commit murder and forge a suicide note.
What are the standards in questioned document examination?
Writings or signatures etc., written by a known person taken for the purpose of comparison with the questioned are known as standards. Standards also include typed/printed, seals, stamp impressions etc., taken from a known source. There are two types of standards used in questioned document examination.
What are the challenges of Questioned Document Analysis?
Similarly, poor quality of questioned documents also poses a challenge to a questioned document examiner. Examples include multiple-reproduced copies, burnt or shredded documents, or documents bearing completely disguised/distorted writing. The lack of contemporaneous writing samples for comparison is a shortcoming of questioned document analysis.
What are the types of cases where forensic document examination is applied?
Cases where Forensic Document Examination is Applied. Following are some cases where forensic document examination is applied to analyze different types of questioned documents. • Identity Theft • Forgeries • Counterfeiting • Suicides • Homicides • Fraud • Kidnappings • Bank Robberies • Contested Wills • Extortion • Medical Malpractices
What are the 5 types of question document?
Some of the common types of questioned documents subjected to forensic document examination are stated below.• Wills. • Cheques. • Bank Drafts. • Agreements. • Receipts. ... • Identity Theft. • Forgeries. • Counterfeiting. • Suicides. • Homicides. ... • Surface features. • Latent images. • Alterations. • Watermarks. • Ink stamps.
What is the most common type of questioned document examination?
handwritingMany QDE involve a comparison of the questioned document, or components of the document, to a set of known standards. The most common type of examination involves handwriting wherein the examiner tries to address concerns about potential authorship.
What are considered questioned documents?
Questioned Documents Any document that may be disputed or queried, especially as to its source and/or authenticity, is a questioned document. In forensic science, such a document may be examined to determine its origin, authenticity, and many other facets in order to solve a potential crime.
What is questioned documents in criminology?
Questioned Document − A document, usually related to matters involving criminal or civil litigation, in which the originality, authenticity or background is disputed. Request Exemplars or Requested Known Specimens/Standards − Writing specimens created by an individual at the request of an investigator.
What are the different types of documents?
5 types of document filesPortable document format (PDF) A PDF file is a common file type in many work environments. ... Word document (DOC and DOCX) ... Hypertext markup language (HTML and HTM) ... Microsoft excel spreadsheet file (XLS and XLSX) ... Text file (TXT)
What are 4 main things for which documents can be examined?
Documents can be examined for evidence of alterations, obliterations, erasures and page substitutions.
What are the 4 types of forgery?
Types of ForgeriesSimulated/Copied forgery/Forgery by Memory.Traced forgery.Freehand forgery (forgery without model/impersonation)Transplanting revenue stamps bearing a genuine signature.Erasures and Alteration in Documents.
What are five characteristics scientists use to identify paper?
Paper Characteristics.Selecting paper is a very important job for the designer, and there are a number of paper characteristics, including: weight, grade or type, color, brightness, reflectance, opacity, smoothness, and grain. ... Paper Weight:More items...
What are questioned documents and how they are Analysed?
The methods of questioned document analysis involve handwriting examination, and analysis of ink, paper, printing, typewriters etc. to determine if the questioned document is authentic or not. Forensic Document Examiners need to precisely record every step of the forensic document examination.
What are the 4 kinds of documents?
The four kinds of documentation are:learning-oriented tutorials.goal-oriented how-to guides.understanding-oriented discussions.information-oriented reference material.
What are the two divisions of the questioned document examination?
Handwritings & Signatures – To examine/compare with standard (admitted & specimen) writings. Latent Writing on Documents – To detect and decipher.
What are the tools used in questioned document examination?
Instruments used in the questioned document section include: Video Spectral Comparator (VSC), Electrostatic Detection Apparatus (ESDA), Stereo-Microscope, Spectrophotometer, and Fingerprint Live Scanner etc.
What is a question document?
Subsequently, question is, what is meant by Questioned Documents? A questioned document refers to any signature, handwriting, typewriting, or other mark whose source or authenticity is in dispute or doubtful.
What documents are commonly submitted for document analysis?
a. Checks, wills, ransom notes and legal documents are commonly submitted for document analysis.
What are some examples of forensic evidence?
Examples of this type of evidence include receipts, gift certificates, images of checks, letters, mortgage documents, lease agreements, business memorandum and employment documents . A forensic document examiner can assist you in identifying the imaging process used to create a questioned document.
What is QDU in the FBI?
The Questioned Documents Unit (QDU) provides forensic support to the FBI and federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies by conducting forensic examinations on evidence collected during an investigation.
What is a QDU?
The QDU monitors, develops, and provides information to legal, investigative, and forensic personnel on legal issues and assists other forensic document examiners in formulating written examination guidelines to standardize procedures.
What are the two types of standards used in questioned document examination?
There are two types of standards used in questioned document examination. Standards are marked with blue pencil during examination. Admitted Standards – These are the writings done in daily routine. They are done in good faith, thus shows honest writing of a person.
What is a document that is questioned?
A questioned document is any document that is potentially disputed in the court of law.
What is a questioned document?
Basically, a Questioned Document refers to any signature, handwriting, typewriting whose source or authenticity is in dispute or doubtful. Questioned writings / signatures are marked by red pencil and labelled as ‘Q’ or ‘D’. Scope of document examination.
Why are questioned documents easy to prove?
2. They are easy to prove because they have been prepared before magistrate and witnesses.Writing materials (i.e. pen, pencil, paper, cardboard, etc.) similar to. those used in the preparation of the questioned document can be. utilized.
What is a standard written by a known person?
Writings or signatures etc., written by a known person taken for the purpose of comparison with the questioned are known as standards. Standards also include typed/printed, seals, stamp impressions etc., taken from a known source.
What is a document in Indian law?
A document is a piece of written, printed or electronic matter that provides information or evidence or that conveys some information. Both Indian Evidence Act and Indian Penal Code define documents.
What is a specimen/ requested standard?
2. Specimen / Requested Standards – These are the writings done by victim or suspect at the request of investigating officer in presence of Magistrate or witnesses. Specimen/ requested standards are marked with blue pencil and labelled as ‘S’ or ‘R’.
What is a questioned document?
In the context of crime scene investigation, questioned document examination consists of examining writing, printing, ink, paper, impressions, typewriting, typewriters, and other sources to determine whether a questioned document is genuine. Documents may be damaged, making the process all the more challenging.
What documents are collected before being examined?
This includes items like suicide notes, planners, signed contracts, and receipts.
What is the purpose of comparing handwriting in a questioned document against handwriting from a known source?
This often means comparing handwriting in a questioned document against handwriting from a known source, to determine if the writing in both documents is from the same person. Examiners take a scientific approach to assessing the characteristics of each document and comparing them to decide if there is a match.
What is the duty of an examiner in a case?
If the document evidence is used in a case that goes to trial, the examiner may be required to testify in court about the work.
Who were the two examiners of the documents?
A significant part of the investigation involved two well-respected document examiners; William Flynn and George Throckmorton. They conducted a very detailed, exhausting examination of the documents, including a chemical analysis of writing inks. Flynn and Throckmorton discovered a component of writing ink that was not available during the purported time the documents were written, providing indisputable proof that certain documents were not authentic Many publications are available to read regarding both interesting cases.
What is the saddest aspect of document disputes?
The sad aspect of most document disputes involves a breakdown in the trust between parties. A person places their trust in family members to follow directions stated in the person’s will. Trust is given to another party when signing a contract, to follow the terms to lease office space, purchase a car, or build a home. Although the vast majority of such transactions are conducted without major disagreements, we all know there are many people in society that intentionally take financial advantage of others. Is it possible to read a daily paper that lacks such a story?
What is a questioned document analysis?
Questioned document analysis of handwritten documents (wills, suicide notes, checks etc.) involves a careful handwriting analysis by questioned document examiners. Forensic handwriting analysis experts can draw crucial conclusions about the document’s source and authenticity by examining the handwriting and indentation on the document.
What documents are subject to a questionable source?
Some of the common cases of documents subjected to questioned document analysis are bank drafts, checks, wills, suicide notes, agreements, contracts, ID cards, passports, currency, stamp papers and any other laminated, typewritten or photocopied documents having a questionable source or authenticity.
What is a typewritten question?
Typewritten Questioned Document. A typewritten questioned document can include anything from bank drafts to stamp papers and passports. Forensic document examiners who analyze typewritten documents are adept at examining the ink, and even printers, fax and photocopy machines, and typewriters. This helps them detect any alternations, obliterations ...
What is forensic document examination?
Forensic Document Examination is a branch of forensic science that plays a crucial role in disputes involving signatures or handwriting. Questioned document examiners are sought to examine handwritten/typewritten documents such as wills, suicide notes, stamp papers etc. to verify its authenticity and source. In one of our previous blogs, we had discussed Questioned Documents and its types. The following sections shall enlighten you on the methods of questioned document analysis and handwriting analysis.
What type of light do document examiners use?
Questioned Document Examiners use a special form of photography combined with ultraviolet and infrared light to detect erasures, alternations, and obliteration that are hard to detect with naked eyes.
Why is questioning a document important?
Questioned document analysis of typewritten or printed documents also enables document experts to identify the exact printing process involved. They are adept at examining the printing machine and its parts to draw crucial insights into the documentary evidence.
What is a non destructive method of examining documents?
Most questioned document examiners use the non-destructive methods of questioned document analysis. These involve the use of electrostatics and/or light for examining documents. It helps in determining any ink differentiations or indented impressions on the documentary evidence.
Scope of Document Examination
- The many types ofpossible examinations that a questioned document examiner undertakes, they areas follows: 1. Handwriting and Signatures 2. Typewriters, Photocopiers, Laser printers, Fax machines 3. Printing Processes 4. Age and type of Ink and Paper 5. Alterations, additions, erasures, obliterations 6. Indentation writings 7. Sequence of Strokes 8...
typeof Cases/Problems Encountered by Questioned Document Examiner
- Is the signature genuine ?
- Is the signature placed at a naturalposition?
- Is the writing of the body of thedocument genuine?
- Are the standards submitted all genuine,consistent and of proper dates?
Commontools of The Trade
- Excellent Eyesight
- Hand lens/Loupe
- Scale
- Camera and various filters
Types of Standards
- Writings or signatures etc., written by a known person taken for the purpose of comparison with the questioned are known as standards. Standards also include typed/printed, seals, stamp impressions etc., taken from a known source. There are two types of standards used in questioned document examination. Standards are marked with blue pencilduring examination. 1…