Hardwoods
| Genus | Species | Common Name | Basic SG | Weight of one cubic meter, in kilograms |
| High Green | ||||
| Acer | saccharinum | Maple, Silver | 0.44 | 810 |
| Acer | saccharum | Maple, Sugar | 0.56 | 950 |
| Betula | papyrifera | Birch, Paper | 0.48 | 880 |
How to calculate the weight of wood?
The weight of wood varies by the species of wood and the moisture content of the lumber. Green lumber will weigh significantly more than kiln dried boards due to its higher density. Find Wood Density. To find how much wood weighs start by finding the density of the wood. Use the wood density chart below to find the density for different species ...
How to calculate cubic feet of wood?
Cubic feet = Height (in inches) x Width (in inches) x Length (in feet) / 144. Once you have calculated the cubic feet lumber requirement of your project, you can multiply this value with the per cubic foot price of lumber to get the total wood cost of the project. Here is the formula to calculate total wood cost from cubic feet:
How much 1 cubic feet wood weight?
1 lb/ft 3 = 16.018 kg/m 3 = 0.016 g/cm 3 = 0.00926 oz/in 3 = 2.57 oz/gal (Imperial) = 2.139 oz/gal (U.S.) = 0.0005787 lb/in 3 = 27 lb/yd 3 = 0.161 lb/gal (Imperial) = 0.134 lb/gal (U.S) = 0.0121 ton/yd 3
How many pounds does a cubic meter of wood weigh?
With the specific gravity around 1.5, solid wood "substance", or lignocellulose as it is commonly called today, weighs around 1500 kg/m 3 (93.6 lb/ft 3), at theoretical most… no air, water, or other fluids in cell pores, which would decrease the weight of the wood per unit of volume.
What does 1 cubic metre of wood weigh?
Wood Density: Density is the amount of space a mass of firewood occupies, the denser the wood the less space a given mass takes up, or the greater a particular volume of firewood weighs. For example sugar gum weighs approximately 1070kg, while a cubic metre of pine weighs only about 512kg.
How many kg is a cubic meter of wood?
For example, a cubic metre of wood (volume measured when green), without any water weighs 400 kg; it has a basic density of 400 kg/m3 and a specific gravity of 0.40.
How many m3 are in a tonne of wood?
We frequently get asked what the difference between a tonne and cubic metre is. As a guide only 1 tonne of seasoned redgum is approximately 2 cubic metres stacked with as few gaps as possible or approximately 2.7 cubic metres loose. It is hard to work out which operators are measuring firewood incorrectly.
How do you calculate the weight of wood?
A: Calculate weight, Mike, using the formula: density × volume. Well-dried, seasoned oak has of a density of about 3.6 pounds per board foot. Now find the board footage of your lid by multiplying its length, width, and thickness, and dividing by 144.
How much does a cubic metre of pine weigh?
480 kilogramsA solid cubic metre of pine has a mass of 0.480 tonnes or 480 kilograms.
How much does a cubic meter of oak weigh?
For instance Red Oak is about 45 pounds per cubic foot, (or 730 kilograms per cubic meter), which in and of itself isn't too terribly useful, seeing as how you will most likely never encounter (or be required to lift) a piece of oak that is a perfect one-foot (or one-meter) cube.
How many m3 are in a tonne?
1.133 cubic metres1 ton (40 cubic feet) = 1.133 cubic metres.
How much volume is a ton of wood?
Equals: 118.03 cubic feet (cu ft - ft3) in volume.
How much is a cubic metre of logs?
Standard Logs (8"-10") = approx 300 logs per cubic metre. Large Logs (12-14") = approx 200 logs per cubic metre (larger sizes on request).
What does 1 cubic foot of wood weigh?
Standard treated wood has about 0.06 lbs/cubic foot chemical retention while wood treated for ground contact has about 0.15 lbs/cubic foot.
What is the density of wood?
about 1.5 grams per ccThe density of wood substance is about 1.5 grams per cc, and practically no differences in this value exist among species. *Based on specimens in air-dry condition (12-15% moisture content).
How much does an 8x8 timber weigh?
Lumber Weight ChartWeight of Dimensional Lumber8 x 127.25 x 11.2519.268 x 147.25 x 13.2522.688 x 167.25 x 1525.688 x 187.25 inch x 17 inch29.11 lbs58 more rows
What is the moisture content of wood?
I’ve made every effort to standardize all readings to reflect the weight at a 12% moisture content; this is the most common standard of measurement for nearly all wood testing conducted worldwide. A moisture content of 12% is attained when a wood sample has reached equilibrium moisture content (EMC) with the surrounding air at a temperature of 70°F and a relative humidity of approximately 65%. Storing wood in areas where the relative humidity is lower than this will result in a lower moisture content, and therefore a correspondingly lower density.
What does density mean in wood?
Additionally, in general terms, a wood’s density can be used to deduce a number of things about a wood’s properties; i.e., hardness, strength, etc. The heavier a wood is, the harder and stronger it is, in general.
How much does red oak weigh per cubic foot?
Take time to compare a density reading to another well-known wood, and see how it measures up. For instance Red Oak is about 45 pounds per cubic foot, (or 730 kilograms per cubic meter), ...
How to find mass in kilograms per cubic metre?
Multiplying a density by one thousand gives the mass in kilograms per cubic metre because the volume of one thousand cubic decimetres is identical to the volume of one cubic metre.
How much does a thousand cubic decimeters weigh?
A thousand cubic decimetres is one cubic meter.
How dense is balsa wood?
Most kinds of wood float on water giving them a density of less than one kilo per cubic decimetre.
What is the unit of density?
A cubic meter is also a unit, commonly used to quantify volume. The ratio between mass and volume of a certain amount of matter gives its density. For example, pure water at sea level, ambient temperature, presents density equal to one metric ton (1000 kg) per cubic meter.
How much does a sea shipment weigh?
Then they charge for actual or dimensional weight, whichever is greater. Sea shipments usually assume 1 cubic meter has a minimum weight of 1 tonne (1000 kg).
How much does a balsa tree weigh?
In general the density will range from 6.86 pounds per cubic foot (balsa wood) to 78 pounds per cubic foot. Boxwood and Ebony come in at about 50 pounds per cubic foot.
What is a cubic meter?
A cubic meter is also a unit, commonly used to quantify volume.
What is the most common pressure treated lumber?
If you choose pressure treated lumber, take note that 85% of pressure treated lumber sold in the US is southern yellow pine, so that is probably what you have.
What type of wood is used for furniture?
Wood used for furniture and for appearance is often of a hardwood (or Pine) variety. A few examples of these are shown in the picture above. Whitewood Lumber. The most common species of dimensional building lumber (e.g. for framing a wall) is usually one of the following softwoods (also called whitewoods): Douglas-fir.
What is kiln dried lumber?
Most building lumber sold at home stores is kiln dried to some extent. This means that it has to have a moisture content below 19%. This is denoted by a KD-19 tag. KD-19 (Kiln Dried 19%) lumber will have an average moisture content somewhere around 15%.
How to test for moisture content before buying?
If you want to test for moisture content before you buy, pick up a moisture meter. They are great little tools and aren’t too expensive. This is the moisture meter I use almost on a daily basis. It’s also great to test firewood for proper seasoning.
What is SPF wood?
Spruce-pine-fir (SPF), which can either be subalpine fir, balsam fir, black spruce, Engelmann spruce, jack pine, lodgepole pine, red spruce, or white spruce. You can usually find the species of wood by looking on the tag stapled to one of the ends.
Does treated wood have moisture?
Finally, be sure to take note that fresh, treated wood will probably have a higher moisture content (35%-75%). This is due to the fact that water is used to impregnate the chemicals into the wood at the factory. This is important to remember when building a wood fence, for example, so that future shrinkage can be taken into consideration.
Is treated wood good for seasoning?
It’s also great to test firewood for proper seasoning. Finally, be sure to take note that fresh, treated wood will probably have a higher moisture content (35%-75%). This is due to the fact that water is used to impregnate the chemicals into the wood at the factory.
How much does green wood weigh?
The most commonly referenced "heaviest wood", lignum vitae ( Guaiacum officinale ), has a specific gravity of 1.05 when green, which makes its weight about 1365 kg/m 3, or 85 pounds per green cubic foot. Now, green wood can have moisture content anywhere from 30% (denser woods) to over 200% (lighter woods).
What is the basic gravity of wood?
Basic specific gravity, sg (basic) or sg (green), is that estimated by comparison of the wood's mass at 0% to its volume when green (30% MC or above.) Basic specific gravity is not given in most online reference pages, but they can be found for many species around the world in Tables 5-3, 5-4, and 5-5 of the 2010 Wood Handbook. (The basic specific gravity is identified by that at "green" moisture content in the tables, as opposed to the specific gravities listed at 12% moisture content.) Other good sources for basic specific gravity are the IWCS "Useful Woods of the World" books, and online at The Wood Database. The most comprehensive tables of specific gravities, both basic and at 12%, for North American woods that I know of is compiled in " Specific Gravity and Other Properties of Wood and Bark for 156 Tree Species in North America ", by Patrick Miles and Brad Smith. This book is available free online.
How many hardwoods are in the 2010 Wood Handbook?
Table 4-1 of the 2010 Wood Handbook 2 gives the heartwood and sapwood moisture contents of 40 North American hardwoods, and 28 North American softwoods.
How does wood shrink as it dries?
As it does so, the wood cells begin to shrink, again, just as a sponge does as it dries out. And as it shrinks, the specific gravity of the wood gets higher, and the wood becomes stiffer as the chemical properties change . Most species increase in density anywhere from 10 to 20% as they dry from 30% down to oven dry, 0%. (This, by the way, is why wood checks and splits as it dries.) So another way of thinking about this is that the density of green wood (that above 30%) is different (less) than the density of the wood as stated in most references, which are usually given as specific gravity at 12% moisture content, for the purposes of aiding those who work with wood.
How much moisture does oak produce?
So a correct statement in the original article should have been that oaks and hickories average between 60 and 70 pounds per cubic foot green. If you only have one estimate of green moisture content to work with, simply use that number for the MC in the equation, as I do in the next example.
How much moisture does green wood have?
Now, green wood can have moisture content anywhere from 30% (denser woods) to over 200% (lighter woods). Let's talk about green wood in more detail. First, that crazy moisture content calculation that confounds so many beginning wood science students.
What is the density of live oak?
The next species we consider here is live oak, Quercus virginiana. Its basic density is 0.80. If we use 80% as the moisture content again (it isn't listed on the Wood Handbook table 4-1), our estimate of live oak's green weight is:
How is water determined in wood?
The amount of bounded water in wood is determined by the relative humidity (RH) of the surrounding atmosphere. The water content changes slowly as the relative humidity of the surrounding air changes.
How much moisture does wood lose in winter?
The moisture content at winter time can be estimated to be 3-4 %. Wood changes dimensions with moisture - it swells when it gains moisture - and it shrinks when it loses moisture. Typical wood shrinkage from green to ovendry moisture content is typical 3-8% in radial grain direction and 6-12% in tangential grain direction.
What is the difference between sapwood and softwood?
Softwood - woods that come from gymnosperms (mostly conifers plants) Hardwood - woods that come from angiosperms (flowering plants) In green softwoods the moisture content of sapwood is usually greater than that of heartwood.
What is heartwood wood?
Heartwood - the darker colored wood found to the interior of the sapwood
What is green wood?
Green wood is freshly sawn wood in which the cell walls are completely saturated with water. Additional water may reside in the lumina. The moisture content of green wood can range from less than 30% to more than 200%.
What are the properties of materials?
Material Properties - Material properties for gases, fluids and solids - densities, specific heats, viscosities and more
Does wood shrink with moisture?
Wood changes dimensions with moisture - it swells when it gains moisture - and it shrinks when it loses moisture.
How is wood density measured?
Wood density measures the amount of actual wood material in a unit volume of wood. The way we reach that measurement is to calculate the ratio between an oven-dry or air-dried mass of wood (that is, the lightest it will ever get) divided by the green volume of the wood (when it’s freshly cut and has its largest possible water volume) to find its moisture content.
How to tell density of wood?
Density is expressed in the units of mass divided by volume, such as grams per centimeters cubed (g/cm3), kilograms per meter cubed (kg/m3), or pounds per cubic foot (lb/ft3). The higher the number, the more dense the wood.
How does wood affect the strength of a fastener?
A wood’s density or specific gravity also affects how it holds a fastener. The more dense the fiber—the more fiber that we have per unit area—the more bite that wood will have on a friction based fastener like a nail. But denser woods are also more likely to split if a large fastener is driven into them. Less dense woods—with fewer fibers to be pushed apart by a large fastener—will not hold a small nail as tightly, but they’re less likely to snap if a large fastener is driven into them.
What is the difference between hardwood and softwood?
Hardwood and softwood are distinguished in terms of their reproduction: hardwood comes from deciduous trees, which produces seeds with a covering (think walnut, maple and oak); while softwood comes from gymnosperm trees, which have needles and produce cones ( think conifers such as spruce and pine).
What would happen if wood was the same density as water?
If wood were the same density as water, the specific gravity would be 1.00. If it’s less than one—and most wood is less than one—then it’s going to float.”. Learn all about the properties of wood and how wood is used in construction in the MT Copeland course on Wood Materials.
How does density affect a wood?
A wood’s density or specific gravity also affects how it holds a fastener. The more dense the fiber—the more fiber that we have per unit area—the more bite that wood will have on a friction based fastener like a nail. But denser woods are also more likely to split if a large fastener is driven into them. Less dense woods—with fewer fibers to be pushed apart by a large fastener—will not hold a small nail as tightly, but they’re less likely to snap if a large fastener is driven into them.
How to determine bending strength of wood?
In order to calculate a wood’s bending strength, we have to determine a measurement called the “Modulus of Rupture,” frequently abbreviated as MOR . Essentially, it is the measure of the strength of a piece of wood loaded with a block perpendicular to the grain until it breaks. Both MOR and compressive strength are measured in pounds per inch.