Is the Irish modal haplotype related to the Ui Neill kings?
The research team called this pattern the Irish Modal Haplotype, or IMH, and provocatively suggested that the haplotype may be associated with the Ui Neill kings of Northern Ireland that by legend descended from the fifth century warlord Niall of the Nine Hostages.
What is the 25/11/14 haplotype?
A preliminary modal haplotype was established at that time based for roughly six dozen similar haplotypes. It was noted that family names associated with the cluster were almost entirely Irish or Scottish. The cluster was initially referred to as the 25/11/14 cluster based on the dominant values for DYS390, 391 and 392.
Who are the descendants of the Uí Néill?
Dynasties descended from the Uí Néill, such as the Cenél Conaill and Cenél nEógain, held power in Ulster until their defeat in the Nine Years War in 1603. Many of the heads of the families left for Catholic Europe in 1607, an event known as the Flight of the Earls . Bold indicates a supposed High King of Ireland . ^ Downham, 2018, pp. 93-7.
Are non-r1b3 haplotypes excluded as outliers from the IMH?
Frequency distributions of STR mutational steps from the IMH of all haplotypes in three different groupings. In each case, a minority of non-R1b3 haplotypes was excluded as known outliers.
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What haplogroup was Niall of the Nine Hostages?
Haplogroup R1aFor instance, the chiefs of Clan Donald are now known to belong to a branch of Haplogroup R1a, which split from Niall's hypothetical lineage over 20,000 years ago.
Are all Oneills related?
The O'Neill lineage claims descent from Niall Glúndub, a 10th-century king of Ailech as well as High King of Ireland. Niall descended from the Cenél nEógain branch of the Northern Uí Néill. The first to adopt the patronymic surname was Niall Glúndub's great-grandson, Flaithbertach Ua Néill.
What is the Ui Neill dynasty?
The Uí Néill (Irish pronunciation: [iː ˈn̠ʲeːl̠ʲ]; meaning "descendants of Niall") are Irish dynasties who claim descent from Niall Noígíallach (Niall of the Nine Hostages), a historical King of Tara who died c. 405. They are generally divided into the Northern and Southern Uí Néill.
How did Niall of the Nine Hostages get his name?
The Kidnapper King Niall received his epithet because he had a penchant for taking hostages from other kingdoms. According to folklore, his most famous hostage was a man known as 'Succat', better known as Saint Patrick.
Where does the red hand of Ulster originate?
The Red Hand is rooted in Gaelic culture as the sign of a great warrior. It is believed to date back to pagan times. The Red Hand is first documented in surviving records in the 13th century, where it was used by the Hiberno-Norman de Burgh earls of Ulster.
Was Niall of the Nine Hostages a Viking?
A group of residents in County Mayo just discovered that they not only have the blood of an ancient high king but a little Viking too, thanks to a National Geographic study.
Who would be high king of Ireland?
Famous High Kings of Ireland If you were to ask an Irish person to name a High King, there will be a very high chance it will either be Brian Boru or Niall Noigiallach (Niall of the nine hostages).
How do you pronounce Ui Neill?
0:060:20How to Pronounce Ui Neill (Real Life Examples!) - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipClyde while ireland was divided into roulette or isla inale canart monster and leyland.MoreClyde while ireland was divided into roulette or isla inale canart monster and leyland.
Is Oneill an Irish name?
The surname O'Neill is of Irish origin, spelling variations include O'Neal, O'Neil, Ó Neill, Ó Néill, Ua Néill, Uí Néill and Neill.
Who killed Niall of the Nine Hostages?
EochaidAbruptly, the tale then has Niall appearing before an assembly of Pictish bards in Scotland, where he is killed by an arrow shot by Eochaid from the other side of the valley. His men carry his body home, fighting seven battles on the way, and his foster-father Torna dies of grief.
What is M222?
The R-M222 branch of the Y-DNA tree is defined by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) called M222. This diagnostic marker is associated with many individuals whose roots lie in the counties of Northwest Ireland, Ulster and Lowland Scotland.
How many kids did Niall of the Nine Hostages have?
12 sonsNiall of the Nine Hostages got his name by taking nine key hostages, including Saint Patrick, in raids on his opponent chieftains in Ireland, Britain and France to cement his power. A near mythical figure, he is said to have had 12 sons and to have been slain in the English Channel or in Scotland.
What is the genetic evidence for Ireland?
The genetic evidence matches the historical story. Ireland has experienced major upheavals, political dynasties, and migrations right up to today. These are recorded in patterns of genetic diversity that provide a window into the past and show the lasting legacy of leading characters such as Niall and Brian Boru.
How long did Niall live before the Battle of Clontarf?
Niall was supposed to have lived 500 years before the Battle of Clontarf. Using genetics it is possible to trace Niall’s DNA and measure his legacy in terms of how many descendants he left. We can’t go back to AD 500 for a DNA sample, but we can look at modern O’Neills.
Was Niall of the Nine Hostages a historical personage?
Although Niall of the Nine Hostages may not be a historical personage, the Uí Néill clan was clearly dominant. So, much like the hegemony of Genghis Khan, which has left a legacy of 10 per cent of men in the region of Mongolia sharing a single Y-chromosome, and almost 1 per cent of all men worldwide, Niall of the Nine Hostages has left ...
Where are Y chromosomes found?
In particular, one of these Y-chromosomes is very common in the northwest, being found in about one in five men there. The close genetic relationship of these Y-chromosomes to each other suggests a single origin – one or more dominant males. This geographic area coincides with the ancestral seat of the Uí Néill family.
Is there a single dominant clan in Munster?
However, in Munster there isn’t the same pattern of a single dominant Y-chromosome, and thus no evidence of a single dominant clan, despite Boru’s prominence. However, that is not surprising when you consider the Uí Néills had a 500-year head start.
Did Brian Boru kick the Vikings out of Ireland?
Historical records tell us that, among other things, he ended the Uí Néill clan’s 500-year reign as high kings of Ireland, and also, through his victory at Clontarf, kicked the Vikings out of Ireland. However, we have an independent record of the past in our genes. We can look to patterns of genetic variation here to ask if Brian Boru was effective on both of these counts.
Where did Niall die?
According to tradition, Niall was said to have died outside of Ireland. Some sources indicating that he died at sea fighting Eorchaid mac Enna, the King of Leinster and others suggesting that he died fighting against the Picts in Scotland.
How did Niall of the Nine Hostages consolidate his power?
He ruled Ireland in the fifth century and was said to have consolidated his power by leading raids on the Roman Empire, taking hostages from rival royal families in Britain and the European mainland, thus earning the name Niall of the Nine Hostages.
Did Niall exist?
There have always been doubts that Niall actually existed since he existed prior to written records. Sources for Niall’s existence as a historical king come from Lebor Gabala Erenn, Annals of the Four Masters, which chronicles legendary tales such as the Adventure of the Sons of Eochaid Mugmedon, and The Death of Niall of the Nine Hostages.
What genotype is Niall?
We also do not know what Niall's genotype was/is. There were other haplogroups and L21 subclades contemporary with R-M222 in Ireland during Niall's and Ui Neill dynasty clans'/founders/leaders reputed times of living.
What is the R-M222 branch of Y-DNA?
The R-M222 branch of the Y-DNA tree is defined by a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) called M222. This diagnostic marker is associated with many individuals whose ancestry lies in the counties of Ulster (Northern Ireland), Northwest Ireland, and Scotland including certain Highland, Lowland, Western and North Eastern counties, and is not restricted to known ancestry in the UK/Ireland region.
What is the FTDNA activity feed?
FTDNA sponsors a discussion group known as the "Activity Feed" that is accessible from each project member's home page.
Can STR be used to categorize a person in a haplogroup?
While the STR values of even a limited haplotype can usually rule someone in or out of Haplogroup R-M222, STR values are by themselves almost useless for categorizing individuals in the sub-haplogroups ( sub-clades) below R-M222. For that reason, it is strongly recommended that members of the project SNP test.
Is the R-M222 project open?
The R-M222 project is open to all individuals who have a derived (i.e.,positive) test result for the M222 SNP or any SNP known to lie downstream from that marker. The project will also consider admitting individuals who have not been SNP tested, but whose haplotypes show most of the Short Tandem Repeat (STR) values below. Still, because of the complex branching structure within R-M222, all individuals will be encouraged to undertake additional testing to refine the branch of M222 to which they belong. This is discussed in SECTION V below (The Importance of SNP Testing).
Is the R1B-M222 SNP in the Haplotree?
The Haplotree also reports some SNPs that were uncovered in Big Y testing, but which have not yet been included in the R1b-M222 SNP Pack.
Is the haplotype modal in Ireland?
The haplotype is not modal in Ireland – though a distinctive haplotype with a large population, it is not the dominant one. Some haplotype frequency assessments suggested that it was most concentrated in Donegal and nearby counties to the south and west. Also found in Lowland Scotland and the Western Isles.