Receiving Helpdesk

toenail curving into skin

by Mr. Ryder Howell Published 3 years ago Updated 2 years ago

When a toenail is ingrown, it is curved and grows into the skin, usually at the nail borders (the sides of the nail). This digging in of the nail irritates the skin, often creating pain, redness, swelling and warmth in the toe.

An ingrown toenail is a foot condition that develops when the corner of the toenail grows down into the skin. It usually affects the big toe. Ingrown toenails often happen when people cut their toenails by tapering the corner of their toenail. If the toenail curves with the shape of the toe, it can grow into your skin.Oct 19, 2020

Full Answer

How to correct curved toenail?

Use a cotton ball to push way the adjacent skin from the edges of the toenail. Soak the cotton in olive oil before usage. Apply antibiotic ointments around the infected area to avoid the development of infection. Curve Correct is one of the most popular treatment options for curved toenails.

How to straighten curved toenails?

  • Prepare your nail: this involves trimming and cleaning. ...
  • Pre-fit brace to determine the angle of application
  • File toenail to ensure the surface is smooth enough.
  • Clean the nail surface with solvent
  • Apply adhesive to one end of the brace and place it on the end of the toenail used for pre-fit. ...
  • Check to ensure the brace is the same length as the toenail. ...

More items...

Why is my toenail not growing?

  • What Are the Causes of Toenails Refusing to Grow?
  • Tip Worn Out Fast
  • Infections
  • Damaged Root
  • What Causes Root Damage?
  • What Can You Do?
  • Wear Well-Fitting Shoes
  • Use Medicated Powder For Fungal Infections
  • Eat Biotin-Rich Food
  • Cut Your Nails Properly

More items...

How to get rid of thick skin under the toenails?

#1 Glycerin and Lemon Juice

  • Glycerin is prominent for its healing and hydrating ability.
  • Mix required an amount of glycerin with lemon juice.
  • Apply it directly over the thick skin under toenails.
  • Leave it to dry naturally.

How do I stop my toenails from curling to the skin?

Botek offer these suggestions:Avoid cutting nails too short and cutting unevenly at the corners. Cut straight across.Make sure your socks and shoes fit properly. You should be able to wiggle your toes easily in your shoes.Avoid trauma to the toe area.

How do you fix a curved toenail?

The most important thing you can do is trim your toenails using a strong, sharp nail clipper. Cut each toenail to the point where it begins to curve upward. Cut the nail straight across without cutting the edges inward.

How do you get rid of pincer toenails?

No matter the cause of the pincer toenail, podiatrists have a treatment method to fix it. The most common method is a simple ingrown toenail procedure. This consists of removing any offending nail borders by cutting from both sides of the nail.

What causes toenail clubbing?

Clubbing is changes in the areas under and around the toenails and fingernails that occur with some disorders. The nails also show changes. Clubbing may result from chronic low blood-oxygen levels. This can be seen with cystic fibrosis, congenital cyanotic heart disease, and several other diseases.

How to treat curved toenails?

Treatment of curved toenail 1 Soak the feet in warm water, mixed with few spoons of salt, for about 20 minutes 3 times per day. 2 Use a cotton ball to push way the adjacent skin from the edges of the toenail. Soak the cotton in olive oil before usage. 3 Apply antibiotic ointments around the infected area to avoid the development of infection. 4 Use over-the-counter medicines for the pain

What causes curved toenails?

Yellowish toenails. If you find that there is a fungus infection, that is eating up your toenails and that is becoming the cause of your curved toenails. Then, before anything, you must treat your toenail fungus first. And the easiest way to treat the nail fungus would be to opt for a home remedy like Apple cider vinegar.

Why is my toenail ingrown?

Incorrect cutting or trimming of the nail is unarguably the most popular cause of ingrown toenail. Usually, people cut the toenail by following the curve of the nail. This is not totally bad but could make the edge of the nail curl inwards hence digging into the skin. Cutting across the toenail in a straight line helps to avoid in-growth. While using this method, don’t cut the nail too short.

Why do my toenails hurt?

Embedment of the nail in the surrounding skin causes pain, redness as well as swelling. It can quickly develop an infection if left untreated.

How to keep your toenails from growing?

Most people don’t learn to take care of their toenails until issues like curved toenails or toenails fungus arise. Proper care of the toenail is important for the permanent straight growth of the toenails. Keeping sweaty feet or wet feet promotes curved toenails. Wash your feet thoroughly every day and keep it dry.

Why is my big toe curved?

Trauma is also a key cause of curved toenail. Damages to the toe, such as collision with blunt objects or falling of a heavy object on the toe, can cause an absolute change in the shape of the toenail. This uncharacteristic change in shape could result in an ingrown toenail. A key contributor to why big toe is the one most affected by curved toenail is trauma. More often than not, toenail bears the brunt of most accidents involving the toes.

Why do shoes curl?

Tight shoes cause the toenails to be pressed hard against one another. If worn long enough, the pressure exerted on the toenails would cause them to start curling inwards. The big toe is also the most affected since it’s the biggest among the toes. Tight shoes are not just about the length but also the width.

Why do my toenails keep coming back?

If you have a genetic predisposition to ingrown toenails, they may keep coming back or appear on multiple toes at once. Your quality of life may be affected by pain, infections, and other painful foot issues that require multiple treatments or surgeries.

Why is my toenail infected?

Even a small cut, scrape, or ingrown toenail may quickly become infected due to the lack of blood flow and nerve sensitivity. See your doctor right away if you have diabetes and are concerned about an ingrown toenail infection.

How to keep ingrown toenails from recurring?

During a partial nail removal, the sides of the nail are cut away so that the edges are completely straight. A piece of cotton is placed under the remaining portion of the nail to keep the ingrown toenail from recurring. Your doctor may also treat your toe with a compound called phenol, which keeps the nail from growing back.

How effective is partial nail removal?

According to the NHS, partial nail removal is 98 percent effective for preventing future ingrown toenails. During a partial nail removal, the sides of the nail are cut away so that the edges are completely straight. A piece of cotton is placed under the remaining portion of the nail to keep the ingrown toenail from recurring.

Why do older people have ingrown toenails?

Older people may also be at higher risk because toenails thicken with age. Many things can cause an ingrown toenail, including: cutting toenails incorrectly (Cut straight across, since angling the sides of the nail can encourage the nail to grow into the skin.) irregular, curved toenails.

How to get rid of toenail pain?

pushing skin away from the toenail edge with a cotton ball soaked in olive oil. using over-the-counter medicines, like acetaminophen ( Tylenol ), for the pain. applying a topical antibiotic, such as polymyxin and neomycin (both present in Neosporin) or a steroid cream, to prevent infection.

What is an ingrown toenail?

What are ingrown toenails? Ingrown toenails occur when the edges or corners of your nails grow into the skin next to the nail. Your big toe is most likely to get an ingrown toenail. You can treat ingrown toenails at home. However, they can cause complications that might require medical treatment.

How to cut a curved toenail?

Nails that are cut or rounded shorter than the flesh surrounding them can curve into the skin due to the obstructed growth. Cutting straight across the top, at an appropriate length, prevents the flesh from getting in the way of the nail.

What to do if your toenails are curved?

A medical expert can prescribe a medical brace to the curved nail to allow it to grow to a length where it can be cut off, or remove a section of the nail completely so it can grow normally starting from the nail bed.

How to stop toenail from digging?

Keeping the toenail from digging into the flesh helps to relieve the pain. Prepare a pail of warm water. Stuff a small piece of cotton or dental floss under the curved part of the toenail so it is lifted away from the skin.

How to get rid of a pinky toenail?

Soak the affected foot in warm water to soften the curved toenail. Massage the swollen part of the skin if the area is inflamed. Ingrown Toenail on the Pinky. Learn More. Stuff a small piece of cotton or dental floss under the curved part of the toenail so it is lifted away from the skin. Keeping the toenail from digging into ...

Can a curved toenail be flat?

A curved toenail could eventually become a painful ingrown toenail if it's not dealt with properly 1. The nail becomes inflamed and sore, eventually leading to an unpleasant trip to the doctor. While there is no way to flatten or change the shape of an existing toenail, you can help correct the symptoms and alleviate the pain.

Why do my toenails curl outward?

Toenails curling outward are most commonly caused by toenails thi ckening because of an infection , often fungal, though sometimes bacterial.

Why do my toenails curl?

Toenails curl for many reasons. It could be the result of an ingrown nail or pincer nail. Or it could be because of genetics, infection, or cutting your toenails improperly. Occasionally, it could be something more serious, such as in response to a health condition or medications, that course abnormality to the nails.

What is an ingrown nail?

Ingrown nails are another cause, and they can happen to anyone. An ingrown nail is when the nail begins to grow into the skin itself.

How to cut a toenail that curls?

So, how do you cut toenails that curl? To cut your curling toenail (s), soak your feet in warm water (and perhaps a foot soak) until the nails are soft (10-15 minutes). Dry your nails with a towel. From there, with specialized nail clippers, clip in small sections until they’re even. Finish up by smoothing out any jagged edges with a nail file.

Why do my nails curl up?

For nails that curl up, you’re likely dealing with an infection or the aftermath of an injury.

Can clippers be used on fingernails?

Clippers made for fingernails just aren’t strong enough to get the job done.

Can you soak your feet?

If you have a favorite type of foot soak, you can use that.

Why do my toenails curve?

Nails that curve far inward at the sides are called ingrown nails. This condition may affect the toenails and be due to wearing shoes that are too tight, particularly in the toe box. Ingrown nails may also result from cutting the nails improperly.

What does it mean when your nails are curving?

A person’s nails can say a lot about their overall health, while changes to the nails may suggest an underlying issue that needs treatment, such as nail psoriasis or Raynaud’s disease. The curving of the nails does not always indicate a cause for concern, but it may be a good idea to consult a doctor.

How do you know if you have psoriasis on your nails?

About 90% of people with psoriasis develop the condition on their nails at some point. Besides curving, symptoms may include thickening and shallow or deep holes in the nail.

Why do my fingers curve?

This involves the thickening of the tissue underneath the nail, causing the fingertips to become rounded and the nails to curve over them.#N#Doctors believe this results from increased blood flow to the fingertips. It can run in families and may be harmless, but it may be due to a health condition, especially if it occurs later in life.

What does it mean when your fingernails are curved?

Spoon nails. With spoon nails, the nails become so soft and curved that they can hold a droplet of water. Doctors often refer to this as koilonychia. This issue may occur in newborns, but it may resolve without needing treatment. In other cases, and in people of other ages, koilonychia can indicate health issues, such as iron-deficiency anemia.

What causes small pits in the nails?

lichen planus, an inflammatory skin condition. thyroid disorder. nail psoriasis. Small dents and pits may also appear in the nails, which may result from: eczema. psoriasis. reactive arthritis. alopecia areata, an autoimmune disorder that often causes hair loss.

How much iron is in my nails?

While a person typically has around 1 gram (g) of iron in their body at any time, this condition can cause a buildup of 5 grams or more. Besides curved nails, symptoms may include: hair loss. skin discoloration. weight loss. early menopause. joint pain. abdominal pain. liver dysfunction.

What causes toenails to grow?

You can also use splints and pads to train the toes and nails to grow normally. 2. Fungal infection. Onychomycosis is a fungal infection that causes the nails to become thick, crinkly, and brittle. This infection mostly affects toenails but can also impact fingernails. Research shows up to 50 percent. Trusted Source.

Why are my nails yellow?

The nickname for this disease is ram’s horn nails because the nails are thick and curvy, like horns or claws. Onychogryphosis mostly affects the toes — specifically the big toes. If you have onychogryphosis, your nails will look: yellow or brown. unusually thick.

What is the condition where the body cannot shed dead skin cells?

A common symptom of this genetic condition is thickened or deformed nails, which can turn into onychogryphosis in some cases. Ichthyosis is normally diagnosed at birth when a baby is born with collodion membrane on their skin. Topical creams and oral retinoids are the most common treatment methods. If onychogryphosis develops, surgery may be necessary.

What does it mean when your ram's horn nails are yellow?

yellow or brown. unusually thick. long (extending beyond the toe) curved. Ram’s horn nails can develop at a variety of ages depending on the underlying cause. It can be especially problematic for young adults and older adults. If you think you may have onychogryphosis, you should seek treatment.

What causes a sore on the bottom of your leg?

Peripheral vascular disease, also called peripheral artery disease (PAD), causes the arteries in your legs to build up with plaque. This reduces blood flow to your legs and feet. Without proper blood flow, you may notice sores on your legs or feet, and slow or unusual nail growth. If left untreated, PAD can lead to onychogryphosis. Smoking is a main risk factor for developing PAD. Treatment options include lifestyle changes, medication, and surgery to clear the artery of plaque.

Can hammer toe damage your feet?

Repeatedly hurting your feet — or minor foot trauma — can damage the toes and nail plates, eventually leading to onychogryphosis. For example, wearing shoes that are too small for you every day can cause foot trauma. Onychogryphosis can also develop if you have a condition like hammer toe.

Can psoriasis affect nails?

These skin growths can also affect the nails. Roughly half of people with psoriasis experience nail changes. Roughly one third of people with nail psoriasis have onychomycosis. Steroid injections in the nail beds may be able to treat these growths. Taking antifungal medication may also help.

What happens when you pincer a nail?

In early stages, pincer nails can cause discomfort, but as the condition worsens and the nail digs deeper into the skin, the body begins to respond as it would to any irritation, such as a splinter or a piece of glass. The area becomes red, tender, and inflamed. The nail thickens, and the skin becomes cracked where the nail pushes into it. At times the curve can get so severe, the side edges of the nails will almost touch, causing significant pain. Left untreated, infection can develop.

Why do pincer nails grow?

However, many times a pincer nail can develop because of shoes that pinch the toes together or improper maintenance of the nail through cutting or filing. Pincer nails are more common in the elderly, as factors such as diabetes, liver problems, and medication can affect the growth and health of a nail. The elderly and women who are pregnant also pose a higher risk for pincer nails because they may find it difficult bending over to file their nails at a correct angle. Dr. Darren Weinheimer, a podiatrist in Binghamton, N.Y., says a pincer nail could also develop as a complication to a primary problem such as degenerative arthritis or inflamed joints.

What is a pincer nail?

Pincer nails (pin-sir): excessive curvature of the nail plate that causes the nail to pinch into the soft tissue of the surrounding skin. A pincer nail, also called a trumpet nail, is one of four types of an ingrown nail; it’s often viewed as the most painful. A couple of factors separate the pincer nail from the classic, more familiar ingrown nail.

How to fix pincer nails?

Treatment for pincer nails ranges from corrective filing to surgery. Once the nail is cut below the free edge, there is a chance of the nail growing into the skin, especially if the corners of the nail have been filed away or if a small spur is left on the edge of the nail. Corrective filing allows the nail to grow and widen so the edges don’t dig into the skin. Beyond filing, doctors may choose from a number of other corrective techniques including finding ways to widen the nail. One technique is to cut a “V” out of the center of the free edge. This removes the severe arch of the nail and the hope is that the nail will grow out flatter and wider. Another technique is to drill a very small hole on each side of the nail and thread a piece of wire up one hole, across the nail and down through the other hole. Once the wire is tightened and secured, it forces the high arch of the nail to flatten, causing the edges of the nail to flair. Again, the theory is that over time, the nail will begin to naturally flatten and widen.

What is the procedure to remove pincer nails?

If patients don’t respond to non-invasive corrections, doctors may choose laser surgery or a technique called phenol matricectomy. This surgery can be performed right in the doctor’s office and requires only a local anesthesia. The outer edges of the nail are removed and then a substance called phenol is applied. Phenol contains acid that will destroy the cells of the matrix, preventing regrowth of the nail. In any treatment of pincer nails, doctors may prescribe an emollient, such as Urea 40, to treat dry, cracked, itchy skin or an antibiotic to fight off or prevent infection.

Why do elderly people have pincer nails?

The elderly and women who are pregnant also pose a higher risk for pincer nails because they may find it difficult bending over to file their nails at a correct angle. Dr.

What is the procedure called when you can't get a nail removed?

If patients don’t respond to non-invasive corrections, doctors may choose laser surgery or a technique called phenol matricectomy. This surgery can be performed right in the doctor’s office and requires only a local anesthesia. The outer edges of the nail are removed and then a substance called phenol is applied.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
8.3.21PHP Version2.86sRequest Duration2MBMemory UsageGET {post}Route
  • warninglog[06:04:05] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[06:04:05] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[06:04:05] LOG.warning: Callables of the form ["Swift_SmtpTransport", "Swift_Transport_EsmtpTranspor...
  • warninglog[06:04:05] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[06:04:05] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[06:04:05] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[06:04:05] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[06:04:05] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[06:04:05] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[06:04:05] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[06:04:05] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[06:04:05] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[06:04:05] LOG.warning: mt_rand(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($max) of type int is deprecated in ...
  • Booting (15.06ms)
  • Application (2.84s)
  • 1 x Application (99.46%)
    2.84s
    1 x Booting (0.53%)
    15.06ms
    7 templates were rendered
    • themes.DevBlog.content.post (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/content/post.blade.php)34blade
      Params
      0
      post
      1
      postContent
      2
      author
      3
      updated_at
      4
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      5
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      6
      bing_related_keywords
      7
      google_related_keywords
      8
      bing_news_title
      9
      bing_news_description
      10
      bing_videos
      11
      bing_images
      12
      bing_search_result_title
      13
      bing_search_result_description
      14
      bing_search_result_url
      15
      bing_paa_questions
      16
      bing_paa_answers
      17
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      18
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      19
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      20
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      21
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      22
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      23
      google_faq_questions
      24
      google_faq_answers
      25
      google_rich_snippet
      26
      google_search_result
      27
      indexedArray
      28
      total_images
      29
      total_videos
      30
      settings
      31
      url_current
      32
      menus
      33
      sidebar
    • themes.DevBlog.layouts.master (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/layouts/master.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.head (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/head.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.header (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/header.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.navbar (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/navbar.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.footer (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/footer.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.scripts (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/scripts.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    uri
    GET {post}
    middleware
    web, checkdate
    as
    post.show
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\Frontend\json_data\PostController@show
    namespace
    where
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/json_data/PostController.php:18-166
    7 statements were executed2.82s
    • select * from `posts` where `published_at` <= '2025-06-06 06:04:05' and `slug` = 'toenail-curving-into-skin' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      3.34ms/app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 2025-06-06 06:04:05
      • 1. toenail-curving-into-skin
      Backtrace
      • 15. /app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:842
      • 19. Route binding:39
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:78
    • select * from `json_post_contents` where `json_post_contents`.`post_id` = 18185 and `json_post_contents`.`post_id` is not null and `rewrite_id` = 0
      11.98msmiddleware::checkdate:30receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 18185
      • 1. 0
      Backtrace
      • 19. middleware::checkdate:30
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/jetstream/src/Http/Middleware/ShareInertiaData.php:61
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
    • select * from `nova_menu_menus` where `slug` = 'header' limit 1
      500μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. header
      Backtrace
      • 15. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` = 1 and `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` is not null and `parent_id` is null order by `parent_id` asc, `order` asc, `name` asc
      730μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 1
      Backtrace
      • 19. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 20. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`parent_id` in (1) order by `order` asc
      310μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Backtrace
      • 24. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 25. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select `id`, `post_title`, `slug` from `posts` where `status` = 'publish' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 10
      2.8s/app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. publish
      Backtrace
      • 14. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22
      • 15. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:12
      • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177
    • select * from `fake_users` where `fake_users`.`id` = 14372 limit 1
      960μsview::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 14372
      Backtrace
      • 21. view::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:108
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 25. /vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
      • 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:61
    App\Models\FakeUser
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\MenuItem
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\Menu
    1
    App\Models\JsonPostContent
    1
    App\Models\Post
    11
        _token
        6WJgHJDtfevmEPOJXCsnnTwa6dYO1SbDB1mstXSJ
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/toenail-curving-into-skin" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /toenail-curving-into-skin
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:25 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "_pk_id.64.7c30=45c9af74044ee81d.1749170040.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImVWRFU2d1p1UTZYZzArcFlMelFUR0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiR0gwRjdyWFQxckgvOHpnNnhSbTRycWZ3WXZtcjFqM3k2Z1dIZ1ZUTUlHWDFRTVg4dk5QRGthdWRYczRGcjBOTmJqc0FBRVI1TkVZa2tCaWlxdVFwTFZ1V2FXQ3plSVIwQ3RyMlFyNlNoZkFvdld6YnVqSWY0VWhieit0bEpkZUkiLCJtYWMiOiIxNjNlMzcwOTI1ODlkZjUwMzMyZDUzZTM4ZmE5YTNhNWMwYTYwYWY4YjhmYTUxYzQ1NWZhYTFiMGM3NDZhNzMyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6InJhZ3ltTk9uWVhwMUFYSTR1N0dzbXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiN2lQMWQ5RW5LWDYwUzlaUFBqa2dQRXNnQ1dDQWdjdXJybnBueE1yNDJ4S0JHSTBVTVZyVGtNK1FoenRtSk9laG1CWTRMUGg1TzZoNVdxNmU2ZmIxSTdiL0hxbnlaa2NlR204SUVkRWRlZGVxN0U3L0x0NDVhMlZoMVZab1JXamoiLCJtYWMiOiIwNmNkYjE1NDBmNjlhMzE5MjhhNmRkNGQzMTRmNGRlOTYxZWUyYTBiZmM2MmFiNzRkM2U5OTA2M2Y0ZWEwNTI4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D_pk_id.64.7c30=45c9af74044ee81d.1749170040.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImVWRFU2d1p1UTZYZzArcFlMelFUR0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiR0gwRjdyWFQxckgvOHpnNnhSbTRyc" ] "cf-ipcountry" => array:1 [ 0 => "US" ] "cf-connecting-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.64" ] "cdn-loop" => array:1 [ 0 => "cloudflare; loops=1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, br" ] "cf-ray" => array:1 [ 0 => "94b3d2713a946195-ORD" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "cf-visitor" => array:1 [ 0 => "{"scheme":"https"}" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "close" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.64, 172.69.6.44" ] "x-server-addr" => array:1 [ 0 => "154.12.239.204" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "receivinghelpdesk.com" ] ]
        request_server
        0 of 0
        array:56 [ "USER" => "runcloud" "HOME" => "/home/runcloud" "SCRIPT_NAME" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_URI" => "/ask/toenail-curving-into-skin" "QUERY_STRING" => "" "REQUEST_METHOD" => "GET" "SERVER_PROTOCOL" => "HTTP/1.0" "GATEWAY_INTERFACE" => "CGI/1.1" "REDIRECT_URL" => "/ask/toenail-curving-into-skin" "REMOTE_PORT" => "52314" "SCRIPT_FILENAME" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/ask/index.php" "SERVER_ADMIN" => "you@example.com" "CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "CONTEXT_PREFIX" => "" "REQUEST_SCHEME" => "http" "DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "REMOTE_ADDR" => "172.69.6.44" "SERVER_PORT" => "80" "SERVER_ADDR" => "127.0.0.1" "SERVER_NAME" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "SERVER_SOFTWARE" => "Apache/2.4.63 (Unix) OpenSSL/1.1.1f" "SERVER_SIGNATURE" => "" "LD_LIBRARY_PATH" => "/RunCloud/Packages/apache2-rc/lib" "PATH" => "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" "HTTP_COOKIE" => "_pk_id.64.7c30=45c9af74044ee81d.1749170040.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImVWRFU2d1p1UTZYZzArcFlMelFUR0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiR0gwRjdyWFQxckgvOHpnNnhSbTRycWZ3WXZtcjFqM3k2Z1dIZ1ZUTUlHWDFRTVg4dk5QRGthdWRYczRGcjBOTmJqc0FBRVI1TkVZa2tCaWlxdVFwTFZ1V2FXQ3plSVIwQ3RyMlFyNlNoZkFvdld6YnVqSWY0VWhieit0bEpkZUkiLCJtYWMiOiIxNjNlMzcwOTI1ODlkZjUwMzMyZDUzZTM4ZmE5YTNhNWMwYTYwYWY4YjhmYTUxYzQ1NWZhYTFiMGM3NDZhNzMyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6InJhZ3ltTk9uWVhwMUFYSTR1N0dzbXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiN2lQMWQ5RW5LWDYwUzlaUFBqa2dQRXNnQ1dDQWdjdXJybnBueE1yNDJ4S0JHSTBVTVZyVGtNK1FoenRtSk9laG1CWTRMUGg1TzZoNVdxNmU2ZmIxSTdiL0hxbnlaa2NlR204SUVkRWRlZGVxN0U3L0x0NDVhMlZoMVZab1JXamoiLCJtYWMiOiIwNmNkYjE1NDBmNjlhMzE5MjhhNmRkNGQzMTRmNGRlOTYxZWUyYTBiZmM2MmFiNzRkM2U5OTA2M2Y0ZWEwNTI4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D_pk_id.64.7c30=45c9af74044ee81d.1749170040.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImVWRFU2d1p1UTZYZzArcFlMelFUR0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiR0gwRjdyWFQxckgvOHpnNnhSbTRyc" "HTTP_CF_IPCOUNTRY" => "US" "HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP" => "216.73.216.64" "HTTP_CDN_LOOP" => "cloudflare; loops=1" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_MODE" => "navigate" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_SITE" => "none" "HTTP_ACCEPT" => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" "HTTP_USER_AGENT" => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" "HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS" => "1" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_PLATFORM" => ""Windows"" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_MOBILE" => "?0" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA" => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" "HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL" => "no-cache" "HTTP_PRAGMA" => "no-cache" "HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING" => "gzip, br" "HTTP_CF_RAY" => "94b3d2713a946195-ORD" "HTTP_PRIORITY" => "u=0, i" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_DEST" => "document" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_USER" => "?1" "HTTP_CF_VISITOR" => "{"scheme":"https"}" "HTTP_CONNECTION" => "close" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO" => "https" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR" => "216.73.216.64, 172.69.6.44" "HTTP_X_SERVER_ADDR" => "154.12.239.204" "HTTP_HOST" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "HTTPS" => "on" "REDIRECT_STATUS" => "200" "REDIRECT_HTTPS" => "on" "FCGI_ROLE" => "RESPONDER" "PHP_SELF" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT" => 1749170045.6533 "REQUEST_TIME" => 1749170045 ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "_pk_id_64_7c30" => null "_pk_ses_64_7c30" => null "XSRF-TOKEN" => "6WJgHJDtfevmEPOJXCsnnTwa6dYO1SbDB1mstXSJ" "askhelpdesk_session" => "zx6VvQtILn1mqC0tnQb3pcp8hcS4jNjc4KRCwh1r" ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:7 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "private, must-revalidate" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Fri, 06 Jun 2025 00:34:05 GMT" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "expires" => array:1 [ 0 => -1 ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkoyWk94UHpaNStIRjFIYyt5SlppcEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNzFaT2kwWnRva0lFcjFzUkhUc2tYZkgwSXYvTjdJY0VxbWRpaU41bDhSWlNzRW1oWUF3cWxNYkdMV1ZGc0RWcjY4RGxDdDg2SGlRSmdLakRXU3BOa2lVdXJNSmNhMkFIaGFaL2FhNTZEU1NkTEY3WUFjWThLU3VrWkhLbVducnkiLCJtYWMiOiJlMGQ2MWU5NDk3NTNmYjg5Y2VhNjFmY2QxNDc5YTlkYTFlMjUzNWM1MDUzZjhmZTEwYTA3Y2JhNjM5MjVlMjA0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 06-Jun-2025 02:34:08 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkoyWk94UHpaNStIRjFIYyt5SlppcEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNzFaT2kwWnRva0lFcjFzUkhUc2tYZkgwSXYvTjdJY0VxbWRpaU41bDhSWlNzRW1oWUF3cWxNYkdMV1ZGc0RWcjY4RGxDd" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IlUzOFFZM1pha2ZTYlZSaFllMWxFVWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSHc2ZkViN0NSZzE3bFZZQlppYlRGaXRnbjlrcDBEdUZqMkpDaE9HM0wxbjZaamdEaGZqWjVCamtOVVIySUFVZm9mM0QvLzRRd0FzWmVNZlprYTFwd2pBUVhHY3R5OW5qaHZqQWpQd2RVZlJnVW5qS3IvMG9XRXhWRXh1ZVRtQisiLCJtYWMiOiI0Y2Q0ZmI4NDhiMWY0MzkzNWY2MjEwNTBiMmY4ODRjYmZlNjYzNmVjZDAyMjMwZjk1NmVkMGJmOGQ3ZGRhMTg5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 06-Jun-2025 02:34:08 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; httponly; samesite=laxaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IlUzOFFZM1pha2ZTYlZSaFllMWxFVWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSHc2ZkViN0NSZzE3bFZZQlppYlRGaXRnbjlrcDBEdUZqMkpDaE9HM0wxbjZaamdEaGZqWjVCamtOVVIySUFV" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkoyWk94UHpaNStIRjFIYyt5SlppcEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNzFaT2kwWnRva0lFcjFzUkhUc2tYZkgwSXYvTjdJY0VxbWRpaU41bDhSWlNzRW1oWUF3cWxNYkdMV1ZGc0RWcjY4RGxDdDg2SGlRSmdLakRXU3BOa2lVdXJNSmNhMkFIaGFaL2FhNTZEU1NkTEY3WUFjWThLU3VrWkhLbVducnkiLCJtYWMiOiJlMGQ2MWU5NDk3NTNmYjg5Y2VhNjFmY2QxNDc5YTlkYTFlMjUzNWM1MDUzZjhmZTEwYTA3Y2JhNjM5MjVlMjA0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 06-Jun-2025 02:34:08 GMT; path=/XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkoyWk94UHpaNStIRjFIYyt5SlppcEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNzFaT2kwWnRva0lFcjFzUkhUc2tYZkgwSXYvTjdJY0VxbWRpaU41bDhSWlNzRW1oWUF3cWxNYkdMV1ZGc0RWcjY4RGxDd" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IlUzOFFZM1pha2ZTYlZSaFllMWxFVWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSHc2ZkViN0NSZzE3bFZZQlppYlRGaXRnbjlrcDBEdUZqMkpDaE9HM0wxbjZaamdEaGZqWjVCamtOVVIySUFVZm9mM0QvLzRRd0FzWmVNZlprYTFwd2pBUVhHY3R5OW5qaHZqQWpQd2RVZlJnVW5qS3IvMG9XRXhWRXh1ZVRtQisiLCJtYWMiOiI0Y2Q0ZmI4NDhiMWY0MzkzNWY2MjEwNTBiMmY4ODRjYmZlNjYzNmVjZDAyMjMwZjk1NmVkMGJmOGQ3ZGRhMTg5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 06-Jun-2025 02:34:08 GMT; path=/; httponlyaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IlUzOFFZM1pha2ZTYlZSaFllMWxFVWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSHc2ZkViN0NSZzE3bFZZQlppYlRGaXRnbjlrcDBEdUZqMkpDaE9HM0wxbjZaamdEaGZqWjVCamtOVVIySUFV" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "_token" => "6WJgHJDtfevmEPOJXCsnnTwa6dYO1SbDB1mstXSJ" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/toenail-curving-into-skin" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]