Receiving Helpdesk

ramachandran plot byju's

by Berenice Emard I Published 3 years ago Updated 2 years ago

It is a way to energetically visualize permitted regions for the backbone dihedral angles Ψ against Φ amino acid residues to the protein structure.

What is the Ramachandran plot used for?

The Ramachandran plot provides a way to view the distribution of torsion angles in a protein structure and shows that the torsion angles corresponding to the two major secondary structure elements (α-helices and β-sheets) are clearly clustered within separate regions.

What is the Ramachandran plot of protein torsion?

A special way for plotting protein torsion angles was introduced by Ramachandran and co-authors and since then is called the Ramachandran plot.

How to plot backbone dihedral angles on Ramachandran plot?

You can upload a PDB-formatted file to the server and the backbone dihedral angles will be plotted on our accurate Ramachandran Plot Instructions: Select a protein structure file in PDB format from your hard disk. Select Amino Acid type to show.

What is Ramachandran plot and its significance?

The Ramachandran plot provides a way to view the distribution of torsion angles in a protein structure and shows that the torsion angles corresponding to the two major secondary structure elements (α-helices and β-sheets) are clearly clustered within separate regions.

What is the principle of Ramachandran diagram?

The Ramachandran Principle says that alpha helices, beta strands, and turns are the most likely conformations for a polypeptide chain to adopt, because most other conformations are impossible due to steric collisions between atoms.

What is Ramachandran plot PDF?

Ramachandran plot provides a simple two-dimensional graphic. representation of all possible protein structures in terms of torsion angles. Although the plot was developed using theoretical. methods, mathematical calculations and models building, once the protein structure began to discover, the importance.

What are the applications of Ramachandran plot?

A Ramachandran plot can be used in two somewhat different ways. One is to show in theory which values, or conformations, of the ψ and φ angles are possible for an amino-acid residue in a protein (as at top right).

Who discovered Ramachandran plot?

Gopalasamudram Narayanan RamachandranGopalasamudram Narayanan Ramachandran, or G.N. Ramachandran, FRS (8 October 1922 – 7 April 2001) was an Indian physicist who was known for his work that led to his creation of the Ramachandran plot for understanding peptide structure. He was the first to propose a triple-helical model for the structure of collagen.

What is Ramachandran plot PPT?

The Ramachandran Plot • The two torsion angles of the polypeptide chain, describe the rotations of the polypeptide backbone around the bonds between N-Cα (called Phi, φ) and Cα-C (called Psi, ψ) • It provides an easy way to view the distribution of torsion angles of a protein structure.

What is outer limit in Ramachandran plot?

The data are overlaid on an average Ramachandran plot. The solid red lines enclose the “normally allowed” φ/ψ combinations and the dashed blue line indicates the “outer limit”. Residues within the bridge region are colored in green. The bridge region is defined by the area within the solid green lines.

What are Psi and phi angles?

Amino acid residues in the beta-conformation have negative phi angles and the psi angles are positive. Typical values are phi = -140 degrees and psi = 130 degrees. In contrast, alpha-helical residues have both phi and psi negative.

What is Ramachandran Favoured?

The Ramachandran plot analysis (Figure S1) show that 94.3% of the residues lie within the most favored region, 5.7% of the residues within additional allowed region and no residues with in generously allowed region and disallowed region.

How do I create a Ramachandran plot?

7:3421:55How to generate a Ramachandran plot using PyMol (extension ...YouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipSo first we'll do a generic plot of all these residues that are represented in green out here thenMoreSo first we'll do a generic plot of all these residues that are represented in green out here then we go on and make a chain wise plot.

Why proline is called helix breaker?

Proline does not found in alpha helical structure of the proteins,since it has special cyclic structure ( it is an imino acid not amino acid )m this type of secondary structure has specific width and specific number of amino acids residues / turn. Therefore proline is consider as alpha helical breaker.

What are Ramachandran outliers?

Ramachandran outliers are those amino acids with non-favorable dihedral angles, and the Ramachandran plot is a powerful tool for making those evident. Most of the time, Ramachandran outliers are a consequence of mistakes during the data processing.

When was the Ramachandran plot first calculated?

The first Ramachandran plot was calculated just after the first protein structure at atomic resolution was determined ( myoglobin, in 1960 ), although the conclusions were based on small-molecule crystallography of short peptides.

What is the angle of a Ramachandran plot?

All three angles are at 180° in the conformation shown. In biochemistry, a Ramachandran plot (also known as a Rama plot, a Ramachandran diagram or a [φ,ψ] plot ), originally developed in 1963 by G. N. Ramachandran, C. Ramakrishnan, and V. Sasisekharan, is a way to visualize energetically allowed regions for backbone dihedral angles ψ against φ ...

Overview

In biochemistry, a Ramachandran plot (also known as a Rama plot, a Ramachandran diagram or a [φ,ψ] plot), originally developed in 1963 by G. N. Ramachandran, C. Ramakrishnan, and V. Sasisekharan, is a way to visualize energetically allowed regions for backbone dihedral angles ψ against φ of amino acid residues in protein structure. The figure on the left illustrates the definitio…

Uses

A Ramachandran plot can be used in two somewhat different ways. One is to show in theory which values, or conformations, of the ψ and φ angles are possible for an amino-acid residue in a protein (as at top right). A second is to show the empirical distribution of datapoints observed in a single structure (as at right, here) in usage for structure validation, or else in a database of many structures (as in the lower 3 plots at left). Either case is usually shown against outlines for the th…

Amino-acid preferences

One might expect that larger side chains would result in more restrictions and consequently a smaller allowable region in the Ramachandran plot, but the effect of side chains is small. In practice, the major effect seen is that of the presence or absence of the methylene group at Cβ. Glycine has only a hydrogen atom for its side chain, with a much smaller van der Waals radius than the CH3, CH2, or CH group that starts the side chain of all other amino acids. Hence it is least re…

More recent updates

The first Ramachandran plot was calculated just after the first protein structure at atomic resolution was determined (myoglobin, in 1960 ), although the conclusions were based on small-molecule crystallography of short peptides. Now, many decades later, there are tens of thousands of high-resolution protein structures determined by X-ray crystallography and deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Many studies have taken advantage of this data to produce more detai…

Related conventions

One can also plot the dihedral angles in polysaccharides (e.g. with CARP).

Gallery

• Ramachandran plot for the general case; data from Lovell 2003
• Ramachandran plot for Glycine
• Ramachandran plot for Proline
• Ramachandran plot for pre-Proline

Software

• Web-based Structural Analysis tool for any uploaded PDB file, producing Ramachandran plots, computing dihedral angles and extracting sequence from PDB
• Web-based tool showing Ramachandran plot of any PDB entry
• MolProbity web service that produces Ramachandran plots and other validation of any PDB-format file

Further reading

• Richardson, J.S. (1981). "The Anatomy and Taxonomy of Protein Structure". Anatomy and Taxonomy of Protein Structures. Advances in Protein Chemistry. Vol. 34. pp. 167–339. doi:10.1016/S0065-3233(08)60520-3. ISBN 9780120342341. PMID 7020376., available on-line at Anatax
• Branden, C.-I.; Tooze, J. (1991), Introduction to Protein Structure, Garland Publishing, NY, ISBN 0-8153-0344-0

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
8.3.21PHP Version2.65sRequest Duration2MBMemory UsageGET {post}Route
  • warninglog[09:41:57] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[09:41:57] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[09:41:57] LOG.warning: Callables of the form ["Swift_SmtpTransport", "Swift_Transport_EsmtpTranspor...
  • warninglog[09:41:57] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[09:41:57] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[09:41:57] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[09:41:57] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[09:41:57] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[09:41:57] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[09:41:57] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[09:41:57] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[09:41:57] LOG.warning: mt_rand(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($max) of type int is deprecated in ...
  • Booting (12.03ms)
  • Application (2.63s)
  • 1 x Application (99.53%)
    2.63s
    1 x Booting (0.45%)
    12.03ms
    7 templates were rendered
    • themes.DevBlog.content.post (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/content/post.blade.php)34blade
      Params
      0
      post
      1
      postContent
      2
      author
      3
      updated_at
      4
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      5
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      6
      bing_related_keywords
      7
      google_related_keywords
      8
      bing_news_title
      9
      bing_news_description
      10
      bing_videos
      11
      bing_images
      12
      bing_search_result_title
      13
      bing_search_result_description
      14
      bing_search_result_url
      15
      bing_paa_questions
      16
      bing_paa_answers
      17
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      18
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      19
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      20
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      21
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      22
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      23
      google_faq_questions
      24
      google_faq_answers
      25
      google_rich_snippet
      26
      google_search_result
      27
      indexedArray
      28
      total_images
      29
      total_videos
      30
      settings
      31
      url_current
      32
      menus
      33
      sidebar
    • themes.DevBlog.layouts.master (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/layouts/master.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.head (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/head.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.header (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/header.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.navbar (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/navbar.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.footer (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/footer.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.scripts (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/scripts.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    uri
    GET {post}
    middleware
    web, checkdate
    as
    post.show
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\Frontend\json_data\PostController@show
    namespace
    where
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/json_data/PostController.php:18-166
    7 statements were executed2.55s
    • select * from `posts` where `published_at` <= '2025-06-08 09:41:57' and `slug` = 'ramachandran-plot-byju-s' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      5.58ms/app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 2025-06-08 09:41:57
      • 1. ramachandran-plot-byju-s
      Backtrace
      • 15. /app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:842
      • 19. Route binding:39
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:78
    • select * from `json_post_contents` where `json_post_contents`.`post_id` = 74688 and `json_post_contents`.`post_id` is not null and `rewrite_id` = 0
      5.67msmiddleware::checkdate:30receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 74688
      • 1. 0
      Backtrace
      • 19. middleware::checkdate:30
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/jetstream/src/Http/Middleware/ShareInertiaData.php:61
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
    • select * from `nova_menu_menus` where `slug` = 'header' limit 1
      1.32ms/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. header
      Backtrace
      • 15. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` = 1 and `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` is not null and `parent_id` is null order by `parent_id` asc, `order` asc, `name` asc
      1.38ms/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 1
      Backtrace
      • 19. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 20. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`parent_id` in (1) order by `order` asc
      720μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Backtrace
      • 24. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 25. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select `id`, `post_title`, `slug` from `posts` where `status` = 'publish' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 10
      2.54s/app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. publish
      Backtrace
      • 14. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22
      • 15. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:12
      • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177
    • select * from `fake_users` where `fake_users`.`id` = 44949 limit 1
      880μsview::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 44949
      Backtrace
      • 21. view::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:108
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 25. /vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
      • 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:61
    App\Models\FakeUser
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\MenuItem
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\Menu
    1
    App\Models\JsonPostContent
    1
    App\Models\Post
    11
        _token
        eX3IwSzVMxjfDwi9xFDUewhXJeSr2lWxZ9cKzreR
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/ramachandran-plot-byju-s" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /ramachandran-plot-byju-s
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:25 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im9tRTdCaytUeFhUbXd5SnFFZ3V1Q2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoic2kyZjhkMlJlNjRmQUJKUXlHeEkzeTFXWHphbGtVWFUwdll0OUhKWUJ3U05jNjNobHNRd3ZXUm4rQndJQ1Boamt1enZjb2Y1YUpqTmlzYUtZazVJZUd5OW5CQ0Q0NFN4eitXdnY5Q3dSTVBWaTBMMmxoRkZDMFBYRGFyRU5QMzciLCJtYWMiOiJkNDY1Nzg4MWM3ZDc4MGUzOGRjMTEzOWI0ZjMxNWZkOTc4YWE3Njg3ODFlZDk4MzM0ODczYjEwZjFiM2RhZDJhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6ImYzZ21NRlJyTmRucjhuQ0tZdXNBRWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibVZyVC9EZGZKdmlNbTV0SHZSRzlWMWhLTnZCN0dlbExadzh0WE1NRGZnWmRhUnFDTjRNUU5WRGtKUVhyTnFBS09tRzUxRzk2MnoxUTlKRE5tYm9rZDFmU0ZUMzN0NGUrc2oyUUE1blZVRElaYlcrbFBCTHR0VFRWcnA0ajZ3bnIiLCJtYWMiOiJmZDUzY2JhNjk2MjUwNWY5MGQwN2VhMGZkNmMxYTQ4YTNlYWQ2MTBkNmZhYWQzMzlkMjM1ZWUxYjhjMTBhODU4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; _pk_id.64.7c30=f36c72d4e130310a.1749355915.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im9tRTdCaytUeFhUbXd5SnFFZ3V1Q2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoic2kyZjhkMlJlNjRmQUJKUXlHeEkzeTFXWHphbGtVWFUwdll0OUhKWUJ3U05jNjNobHNRd3ZXUm4rQndJQ1Boamt1enZjb" ] "cf-ipcountry" => array:1 [ 0 => "US" ] "cf-connecting-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.94" ] "cdn-loop" => array:1 [ 0 => "cloudflare; loops=1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, br" ] "cf-ray" => array:1 [ 0 => "94c58c561b1ae261-ORD" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "cf-visitor" => array:1 [ 0 => "{"scheme":"https"}" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "close" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.94, 108.162.216.243" ] "x-server-addr" => array:1 [ 0 => "154.12.239.204" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "receivinghelpdesk.com" ] ]
        request_server
        0 of 0
        array:56 [ "USER" => "runcloud" "HOME" => "/home/runcloud" "SCRIPT_NAME" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_URI" => "/ask/ramachandran-plot-byju-s" "QUERY_STRING" => "" "REQUEST_METHOD" => "GET" "SERVER_PROTOCOL" => "HTTP/1.0" "GATEWAY_INTERFACE" => "CGI/1.1" "REDIRECT_URL" => "/ask/ramachandran-plot-byju-s" "REMOTE_PORT" => "43726" "SCRIPT_FILENAME" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/ask/index.php" "SERVER_ADMIN" => "you@example.com" "CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "CONTEXT_PREFIX" => "" "REQUEST_SCHEME" => "http" "DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "REMOTE_ADDR" => "108.162.216.243" "SERVER_PORT" => "80" "SERVER_ADDR" => "127.0.0.1" "SERVER_NAME" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "SERVER_SOFTWARE" => "Apache/2.4.63 (Unix) OpenSSL/1.1.1f" "SERVER_SIGNATURE" => "" "LD_LIBRARY_PATH" => "/RunCloud/Packages/apache2-rc/lib" "PATH" => "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" "HTTP_COOKIE" => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im9tRTdCaytUeFhUbXd5SnFFZ3V1Q2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoic2kyZjhkMlJlNjRmQUJKUXlHeEkzeTFXWHphbGtVWFUwdll0OUhKWUJ3U05jNjNobHNRd3ZXUm4rQndJQ1Boamt1enZjb2Y1YUpqTmlzYUtZazVJZUd5OW5CQ0Q0NFN4eitXdnY5Q3dSTVBWaTBMMmxoRkZDMFBYRGFyRU5QMzciLCJtYWMiOiJkNDY1Nzg4MWM3ZDc4MGUzOGRjMTEzOWI0ZjMxNWZkOTc4YWE3Njg3ODFlZDk4MzM0ODczYjEwZjFiM2RhZDJhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6ImYzZ21NRlJyTmRucjhuQ0tZdXNBRWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibVZyVC9EZGZKdmlNbTV0SHZSRzlWMWhLTnZCN0dlbExadzh0WE1NRGZnWmRhUnFDTjRNUU5WRGtKUVhyTnFBS09tRzUxRzk2MnoxUTlKRE5tYm9rZDFmU0ZUMzN0NGUrc2oyUUE1blZVRElaYlcrbFBCTHR0VFRWcnA0ajZ3bnIiLCJtYWMiOiJmZDUzY2JhNjk2MjUwNWY5MGQwN2VhMGZkNmMxYTQ4YTNlYWQ2MTBkNmZhYWQzMzlkMjM1ZWUxYjhjMTBhODU4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; _pk_id.64.7c30=f36c72d4e130310a.1749355915.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im9tRTdCaytUeFhUbXd5SnFFZ3V1Q2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoic2kyZjhkMlJlNjRmQUJKUXlHeEkzeTFXWHphbGtVWFUwdll0OUhKWUJ3U05jNjNobHNRd3ZXUm4rQndJQ1Boamt1enZjb" "HTTP_CF_IPCOUNTRY" => "US" "HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP" => "216.73.216.94" "HTTP_CDN_LOOP" => "cloudflare; loops=1" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_MODE" => "navigate" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_SITE" => "none" "HTTP_ACCEPT" => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" "HTTP_USER_AGENT" => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" "HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS" => "1" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_PLATFORM" => ""Windows"" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_MOBILE" => "?0" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA" => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" "HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL" => "no-cache" "HTTP_PRAGMA" => "no-cache" "HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING" => "gzip, br" "HTTP_CF_RAY" => "94c58c561b1ae261-ORD" "HTTP_PRIORITY" => "u=0, i" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_DEST" => "document" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_USER" => "?1" "HTTP_CF_VISITOR" => "{"scheme":"https"}" "HTTP_CONNECTION" => "close" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO" => "https" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR" => "216.73.216.94, 108.162.216.243" "HTTP_X_SERVER_ADDR" => "154.12.239.204" "HTTP_HOST" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "HTTPS" => "on" "REDIRECT_STATUS" => "200" "REDIRECT_HTTPS" => "on" "FCGI_ROLE" => "RESPONDER" "PHP_SELF" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT" => 1749355917.7959 "REQUEST_TIME" => 1749355917 ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "XSRF-TOKEN" => "eX3IwSzVMxjfDwi9xFDUewhXJeSr2lWxZ9cKzreR" "askhelpdesk_session" => "Uity8IUE54AIoNm0eVEnWl9jVIf1BIbb1RfL5odc" "_pk_id_64_7c30" => null "_pk_ses_64_7c30" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:7 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "private, must-revalidate" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Sun, 08 Jun 2025 04:11:57 GMT" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "expires" => array:1 [ 0 => -1 ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjA1NUpxQW5qL0JJZ2ZYZVJKMm5qcUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQUx0NzVUWXJhYk5aOVluMTN2K1RXZ3B1TTF1Y2RsQzdCUkR2N29YNHVLWkNWWWc0b1VaQkNHWjU4WWtjVENKMW92TzFtTGU4UzNpZzJLWlBCQXdQczBpZTdNeldrK3ZJTG5VU3JvVW5HL0FaS0ZKc09QMHJNejhtaGFoVFlsTUIiLCJtYWMiOiI0ZWMyODc2NTkxODQ0NmQwODRkMDEyMTZmMTFlOWNjZDAxM2I0YjEzYzBjZjBjMjliZmMzMGE0ZmIyNWY3Y2MxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sun, 08-Jun-2025 06:12:00 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjA1NUpxQW5qL0JJZ2ZYZVJKMm5qcUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQUx0NzVUWXJhYk5aOVluMTN2K1RXZ3B1TTF1Y2RsQzdCUkR2N29YNHVLWkNWWWc0b1VaQkNHWjU4WWtjVENKMW92TzFtT" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IlFFdFZqWGJVbEEvUnVWUks0aHE0c2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiY3laWmJUVzliZVVVbmE4TTFTdnpncG5qVHBXU1lUVGJHQmFpTkFydStNcXBGTkhuK3p6QXNEaFBJSVJzTGlETkEwRFhzL3hpMFV4N0JReG4yRVFYS2plM05iTWdxOUMrMWNjVFNqZ0srK1M4UlZndDdUcHRUWUZzSnp5UEpJOWkiLCJtYWMiOiI1MTQxZTkxZGMzOGRlZWI1MWEyY2E3Y2Q1YjJiMzEzMGUwZGFkYmRhNzlhZTJhZWU1YWJmMjc0OWNlMzkyNDc1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sun, 08-Jun-2025 06:12:00 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; httponly; samesite=laxaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IlFFdFZqWGJVbEEvUnVWUks0aHE0c2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiY3laWmJUVzliZVVVbmE4TTFTdnpncG5qVHBXU1lUVGJHQmFpTkFydStNcXBGTkhuK3p6QXNEaFBJSVJzTGlE" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjA1NUpxQW5qL0JJZ2ZYZVJKMm5qcUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQUx0NzVUWXJhYk5aOVluMTN2K1RXZ3B1TTF1Y2RsQzdCUkR2N29YNHVLWkNWWWc0b1VaQkNHWjU4WWtjVENKMW92TzFtTGU4UzNpZzJLWlBCQXdQczBpZTdNeldrK3ZJTG5VU3JvVW5HL0FaS0ZKc09QMHJNejhtaGFoVFlsTUIiLCJtYWMiOiI0ZWMyODc2NTkxODQ0NmQwODRkMDEyMTZmMTFlOWNjZDAxM2I0YjEzYzBjZjBjMjliZmMzMGE0ZmIyNWY3Y2MxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sun, 08-Jun-2025 06:12:00 GMT; path=/XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjA1NUpxQW5qL0JJZ2ZYZVJKMm5qcUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQUx0NzVUWXJhYk5aOVluMTN2K1RXZ3B1TTF1Y2RsQzdCUkR2N29YNHVLWkNWWWc0b1VaQkNHWjU4WWtjVENKMW92TzFtT" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IlFFdFZqWGJVbEEvUnVWUks0aHE0c2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiY3laWmJUVzliZVVVbmE4TTFTdnpncG5qVHBXU1lUVGJHQmFpTkFydStNcXBGTkhuK3p6QXNEaFBJSVJzTGlETkEwRFhzL3hpMFV4N0JReG4yRVFYS2plM05iTWdxOUMrMWNjVFNqZ0srK1M4UlZndDdUcHRUWUZzSnp5UEpJOWkiLCJtYWMiOiI1MTQxZTkxZGMzOGRlZWI1MWEyY2E3Y2Q1YjJiMzEzMGUwZGFkYmRhNzlhZTJhZWU1YWJmMjc0OWNlMzkyNDc1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sun, 08-Jun-2025 06:12:00 GMT; path=/; httponlyaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IlFFdFZqWGJVbEEvUnVWUks0aHE0c2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiY3laWmJUVzliZVVVbmE4TTFTdnpncG5qVHBXU1lUVGJHQmFpTkFydStNcXBGTkhuK3p6QXNEaFBJSVJzTGlE" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "_token" => "eX3IwSzVMxjfDwi9xFDUewhXJeSr2lWxZ9cKzreR" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/ramachandran-plot-byju-s" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]