Nitrogen and its compounds
- 1st member of group VA
- Colourless, odourless gas
- 78% by volume in air
- Liquid nitrogen as a coolant
- Most important use is in the manufacture of ammonia and nitrogenous fertilizers
- Can form a large number of inorganic compounds
- A major constituent of organic compounds such as amines, amino acids and amides. ...
- With reactive metals, Li and Mg, to form nitrides. ...
Full Answer
What are some common compounds that include nitrogen in them?
These include:
- Why are nitrogen compounds explosive? Ans. Compounds from the nitro group are explosive as they are highly unstable. ...
- What are the common compounds made from nitrogen? Ans. ...
- How can nitrogen compounds cause damage in your body? Ans. ...
- What are the applications of nitrogen compounds?
Which compounds are formed from nitrogen?
They are normally prepared by three methods:
- Replacing labile ligands such as H 2 O, H −, or CO directly by nitrogen: these are often reversible reactions that proceed at mild conditions.
- Reducing metal complexes in the presence of a suitable coligand in excess under nitrogen gas. ...
- Converting a ligand with N–N bonds, such as hydrazine or azide, directly into a dinitrogen ligand.
Which compound contains nitrogen?
How do you know which molecule is more oxidized?
- By using the oxidation number of the carbon atom. One definition of oxidation is: an increase in the oxidation number.
- By counting the number of oxygen atoms. A second definition of oxidation is: an increase in the number of oxygen atoms.
- By counting the number of hydrogen atoms.
What are examples of nitrogen compounds?
Terms
- propellantFuel, oxidizer, reaction mass or mixture for one or more engines (especially internal combustion engines or jet engines) that is carried within a vehicle prior to use.
- oxideA binary chemical compound of oxygen with another chemical element.
- anionA negatively charged ion, as opposed to a cation.
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What is nitrogen and its compounds?
nitrogen (N), nonmetallic element of Group 15 [Va] of the periodic table. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless gas that is the most plentiful element in Earth's atmosphere and is a constituent of all living matter.
What is basic nitrogen compounds?
Basic nitrogen compounds, which can inhibit the acidic sites of the catalysts, are mainly pyridine derivatives (6-membered-ring nitrogen compounds), and despite the use of highly resolutive methods, their characterization, especially in VGO, is still limited.
Why nitrogen is a compound?
Nitrogen is an element that can combine with itself or with other elements to make different compounds. For instance nitrogen gas, N2, is a compound made when two nitrogen atoms form a chemical bond. It makes up about 80% of the atmosphere, while oxygen gas, O2, makes up a little less than 20% of the atmosphere.
What are compounds with nitrogen used for?
Nitric acid is another popular commercial compound of nitrogen. A colourless, highly corrosive liquid, it is much used in the production of fertilizers, dyes, drugs, and explosives. Urea (CH4N2O) is the most common source of nitrogen in fertilizers.
What is organic compounds of nitrogen?
Organic Nitrogen Compounds They include, for example, amines, amides, alkyl nitrates, nitrosamines, nitroarenes, and peroxyacyl nitrates. This later category includes the important compound peroxyacetyl nitrate or PAN, which is a lung and eye irritant formed in photochemical smog.
Is nitrogen dioxide a compound?
nitrogen dioxide | chemical compound | Britannica.
What is N2 called?
Nitrogen Gas (N2)
What is nitrogen formula?
Nitrogen | N2 - PubChem.
What are 5 uses of nitrogen?
Some examples include:Food industry. Nitrogen gas is also used to provide an unreactive atmosphere. ... Light bulbs industry. ... Fire suppression systems. ... Stainless steel manufacturing. ... Tire filling systems. ... Aircraft fuel systems. ... Chemical analysis and chemical industry. ... Pressurised beer kegs.
Q.1. What are examples of nitrogen compounds?
Ans: Nitrogen is a group 15 elements; it forms many compounds. Some examples of nitrogen compounds are ammonia, nitric acid, oxides of nitrogen, etc.
Q.2. What are nitrogenous organic compounds?
Ans: Organic compounds that contain nitrogen are termed nitrogenous organic compounds. The nitrogenous organic compounds include amines, amides, al...
Q.3. Why are nitrogen compounds important?
Ans: Nitrogen forms some important compounds that play a major role in different aspects of life. That is, they are involved in the industrial prod...
Q.4. What substances contain nitrogen?
Ans: Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the earth’s atmosphere. It naturally occurs as sodium nitrate (called Chile saltpetre) and potassium nitr...
Q.5. Where are nitrogen compounds found?
Ans: Nitrogen compounds are found in plants and animals. They include amino acids, amides, amino acids, proteins, polyamines, etc.
Q.6. Why is nitrogen gas called Azota?
Ans: Nitrogen is one of the components of air. It does not support life on its own. Based on this, Antoine Lavoisier called nitrogen ‘azota’, which...
Why is nitrogen used in science?
Liquid nitrogen is used in scientific research especially in the field of superconductors. Nitrogen is essential for synthesis of proteins in plants. Proteins are essential for synthesis of protoplasm, without which life would not exist. Liquid nitrogen is used in oil fields, to extinguish oil fires.
What is the source of nitrogen?
The chief source of free nitrogen is atmospheric air and nitrogen is usually prepared from it. Air free from dust, water vapour and carbon dioxide is compressed in a compression chamber for liquefaction. Firstly, the pressure on the air is increased to about 200 atmospheres.
How is ammonia prepared?
In the laboratory, ammonia is usually prepared by heating a mixture of ammonium chloride and slaked lime in the ratio of 2 : 3 by mass.
How is nitrogen obtained?
Nitrogen is obtained in large scale from air. Air free from dust and carbon dioxide is cooled under high pressure and low temperature to about 200oC and then allowed to warm. As nitrogen has lower boiling point (-169oC) as compared to oxygen (-183 o C) it turns to gas leaving oxygen in liquid state.
What is the composition of air?
Composition of air. The atmosphere is the gaseous envelope which surrounds the earth. This gas, air, is a mixture consisting of about 78% nitrogen and 21 % oxygen. Water vapour is present in variable amounts (up to 5%), and so the composition of unpolluted air is normally based on the dry gas mixture.
How does ammonia burn in oxygen?
Then oxygen is sent through the shorter tube. Now when ammonia is ignited, it catches fire and the following reaction takes place:#N#4NH 3 (g) + 3O 2 (g) → 6H 2 O (vap) + 2N 2(g)#N#Although the products formed in the above reaction are insignificant, it is an extremely important reaction from viewpoint of industry. This is because in the presence of platinum, catalytic oxidation of ammonia can take place to give various important products.
Why is nitrogen mixed with argon used in electric bulbs?
Nitrogen mixed with argon is used in electric bulbs to provide an inert atmosphere. It helps in prevention of oxidation and evaporation of the filament of the bulb, giving it a longer life. It is used to produce a blanketing atmosphere during processing of food stuff, to avoid oxidation of the food.
What are some examples of organic compounds that are derived from nitrogen?
Most of the known varieties may be regarded as derived from ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, cyanogen, and nitrous or nitric acid. The amines, amino acids, and amides, for example, are derived from or closely related to ammonia. Nitroglycerin and nitrocellulose are esters of nitric acid.
What is the nitrogen oxide?
With oxygen, nitrogen forms several oxides, including nitrous oxide, N 2 O, in which nitrogen is in the +1 oxidation state; nitric oxide, NO, in which it is in the +2 state; and nitrogen dioxide, NO 2, in which it is in the +4 state. Many of the nitrogen oxides are extremely volatile; they are prime sources of pollution in the atmosphere. Nitrous oxide, also known as laughing gas, is sometimes used as an anesthetic; when inhaled it produces mild hysteria. Nitric oxide reacts rapidly with oxygen to form brown nitrogen dioxide, an intermediate in the manufacture of nitric acid and a powerful oxidizing agent utilized in chemical processes and rocket fuels.
What is the purpose of ammonia?
Ammonia is one of the two principal nitrogen compounds of commerce; it has numerous uses in the manufacture of other important nitrogen compounds. A large portion of commercially synthesized ammonia is converted into nitric acid (HNO 3) and nitrates, which are the salts and esters of nitric acid. Ammonia is used in the ammonia-soda process (Solvay ...
How are nitroso compounds obtained?
Nitrites are derived from nitrous acid (HNO 2 ). Nitroso compounds are obtained by the action of nitrous acid on an organic compound. Purines and alkaloids are heterocyclic compounds in which nitrogen replaces one or more carbon atoms.
What is the reaction between nitric oxide and oxygen?
Nitric oxide reacts rapidly with oxygen to form brown nitrogen dioxide, an intermediate in the manufacture of nitric acid and a powerful oxidizing agent utilized in chemical processes and rocket fuels.
What is the most common source of nitrogen in fertilizers?
Urea (CH 4 N 2 O) is the most common source of nitrogen in fertilizers. Ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ), a salt of ammonia and nitric acid, is also used as a nitrogenous component of artificial fertilizers and, combined with fuel oil, as an explosive (ANFO).
What is the name of the compound used to make soda ash?
Ammonia is used in the ammonia-soda process (Solvay process) to produce soda ash, Na 2 CO 3. Ammonia is also used in the preparation of hydrazine, N 2 H 4, a colourless liquid used as a rocket fuel and in many industrial processes. Nitric acid is another popular commercial compound of nitrogen.
Ammonia
Ammonia, NH 3, is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen. It is a gas at room temperature.
4. Nitrogenous Fertilisers
It is the most widely used nitrogenous fertiliser. It is prepared by reacting ammonia and sulphuric acid.
5. Nitric (V)Acid
Nitric (V) acid is prepared by reacting concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid with a nitrate. Potassium nitrate is commonly used as it does not contain water of crystallisation.
Nitrates
Nitrates are salts that are derived from nitric (V) acid. They are usually prepared by the action of dilute nitric (V) acid on either a base or a carbonate. Some nitrates can be obtained by direct reaction of a metal with concentrated nitric (V) acid.
Pollution Effects of Nitrogen Compounds in the Atmosphere
Oxides of nitrogen such as nitrogen (II) oxide and nitrogen (IV) oxide are atmospheric pollutants. Nitrogen (II) oxide is produced in internal combustion engines when nitrogen and oxygen from the air combine at high temperatures.
How is nitrogen gas produced?
Nitrogen gas is an industrial gas produced by the fractional distillation of liquid air, or by mechanical means using gaseous air (pressurised reverse osmosis membrane or pressure swing adsorption ). Nitrogen gas generators using membranes or pressure swing adsorption (PSA) are typically more cost and energy efficient than bulk delivered nitrogen. Commercial nitrogen is often a byproduct of air-processing for industrial concentration of oxygen for steelmaking and other purposes. When supplied compressed in cylinders it is often called OFN (oxygen-free nitrogen). Commercial-grade nitrogen already contains at most 20 ppm oxygen, and specially purified grades containing at most 2 ppm oxygen and 10 ppm argon are also available.
Where did the word nitrogen come from?
The English word nitrogen (1794) entered the language from the French nitrogène, coined in 1790 by French chemist Jean-Antoine Chaptal (1756–1832), from the French nitre ( potassium nitrate, also called saltpeter) and the French suffix -gène, "producing", from the Greek -γενής (-genes, "begotten").
What are some examples of dinitrogen complexes?
The first example of a dinitrogen complex to be discovered was
What is the name of the mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids?
The mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids was known as aqua regia (royal water), celebrated for its ability to dissolve gold, the king of metals. The discovery of nitrogen is attributed to the Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772, who called it noxious air.
Why do we use nitrogen in aircraft fuel?
In some aircraft fuel systems to reduce fire hazard (see inerting system ). To inflate race car and aircraft tires, reducing the problems of inconsistent expansion and contraction caused by moisture and oxygen in natural air. Nitrogen is commonly used during sample preparation in chemical analysis.
How many electrons does a nitrogen atom have?
From left to right: 1s, 2s (cutaway to show internal structure), 2p x, 2p y, 2p z. A nitrogen atom has seven electrons. In the ground state, they are arranged in the electron configuration 1s 2. 2s 2. 2p 1.
What is the nitrogen cycle?
The nitrogen cycle describes movement of the element from the air, into the biosphere and organic compounds, then back into the atmosphere.
Overview
Chemistry and compounds
Atomic nitrogen, also known as active nitrogen, is highly reactive, being a triradical with three unpaired electrons. Free nitrogen atoms easily react with most elements to form nitrides, and even when two free nitrogen atoms collide to produce an excited N2 molecule, they may release so much energy on collision with even such stable molecules as carbon dioxide and water to cause …
History
Nitrogen compounds have a very long history, ammonium chloride having been known to Herodotus. They were well known by the Middle Ages. Alchemists knew nitric acid as aqua fortis (strong water), as well as other nitrogen compounds such as ammonium salts and nitrate salts. The mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids was known as aqua regia (royal water), celebrated for its ability to dissolve
Properties
A nitrogen atom has seven electrons. In the ground state, they are arranged in the electron configuration 1s 2s 2p x2p y2p z. It therefore has five valence electrons in the 2s and 2p orbitals, three of which (the p-electrons) are unpaired. It has one of the highest electronegativities among the elements (3.04 on the Pauling scale), exceeded only by chlorine (3.16), oxygen (3.44), and fluorine (3.98…
Occurrence
Nitrogen is the most common pure element in the earth, making up 78.1% of the volume of the atmosphere. Despite this, it is not very abundant in Earth's crust, making up only 19 parts per million of this, on par with niobium, gallium, and lithium. The only important nitrogen minerals are nitre (potassium nitrate, saltpetre) and soda nitre (sodium nitrate, Chilean saltpetre). However, these ha…
Production
Nitrogen gas is an industrial gas produced by the fractional distillation of liquid air, or by mechanical means using gaseous air (pressurised reverse osmosis membrane or pressure swing adsorption). Nitrogen gas generators using membranes or pressure swing adsorption (PSA) are typically more cost and energy efficient than bulk delivered nitrogen. Commercial nitrogen is often a byproduct of air-processing for industrial concentration of oxygen for steelmaking and other purposes. Whe…
Applications
The applications of nitrogen compounds are naturally extremely widely varied due to the huge size of this class: hence, only applications of pure nitrogen itself will be considered here. Two-thirds (2/3) of nitrogen produced by industry is sold as the gas and the remaining one-third (1/3) as the liquid.
The gas is mostly used as an inert atmosphere whenever the oxygen in the air …
Safety
Although nitrogen is non-toxic, when released into an enclosed space it can displace oxygen, and therefore presents an asphyxiation hazard. This may happen with few warning symptoms, since the human carotid body is a relatively poor and slow low-oxygen (hypoxia) sensing system. An example occurred shortly before the launch of the first Space Shuttle mission on March 19, 1981, when two technicians died from asphyxiation after they walked into a space located in the Spac…