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list of ancient alphabets

by Britney Buckridge Published 3 years ago Updated 3 years ago

Syllabaries

  • Afaka – Ndyuka
  • Alaska or Yugtun script – Central Yup'ik
  • Bété
  • Cherokee – Cherokee
  • Cypriot – Arcadocypriot Greek
  • Geba – Naxi
  • Iban or Dunging script – Iban
  • Kana – Japanese (although primarily based on moras rather than syllables) Hiragana Katakana Man'yōgana
  • Kikakui – Mende
  • Kpelle – Kpelle
  • Linear B – Mycenean Greek
  • Loma – Loma
  • Masaba – Bambara
  • Nüshu – Chinese
  • Nwagu Aneke script – Igbo
  • Vai – Vai
  • Woleaian – Woleaian (a likely syllabary)
  • Yi (modern) – various Yi/Lolo languages

Full Answer

Which is the oldest alphabet?

Publication of The World’s Oldest Alphabet and Origins of the Hebrews

  • Two Petrovich Books and an Opportunity to Help. Many of you will recognize Dr. ...
  • Petrovich on His World’s Oldest Alphabet Book. In this book I profile how the proto-Hebrew script originated in the middle of the nineteenth century BC and was the byproduct of ...
  • Companion Volume – Origins of the Hebrews. ...
  • Evidence Necessary to Refute Biased Criticism. ...

What is the earliest alphabet?

The signs exemplary of these basic wedges are:

  • AŠ (B001, U+12038) 𒀸: horizontal;
  • DIŠ (B748, U+12079) 𒁹: vertical;
  • GE 23, DIŠ tenû (B575, U+12039) 𒀹: downward diagonal;
  • GE 22 (B647, U+1203A) 𒀺: upward diagonal;
  • U (B661, U+1230B) 𒌋: the Winkelhaken.

What ancient civilization created the first alphabet?

What Was the First Alphabet?

  • Origin of the Word "Alphabet"
  • Poetry as Inspiration for the Alphabet
  • Greek Modification of the Phoenician Symbols
  • The Semitic Letters That Became Greek Vowels

What are names of medieval alphabets?

List of writing systems

  • Pictographic/ideographic writing systems. ...
  • Logographic writing systems. ...
  • Syllabaries. ...
  • Segmental scripts. ...
  • List of writing scripts by adoption. ...
  • Undeciphered systems that may be writing. ...
  • Undeciphered manuscripts. ...
  • Others. ...
  • See also
  • Notes. ...

More items...

See more

What are some examples of alphabetic writing?

Where did the alphabet originate?

What is the alphabetic system of the Proto-Sinaitic script?

How many consonants are in the Ugaritic alphabet?

What tribes used alphabetic scripts?

Which script evolved from the Proto Sinaic script?

How old are pictoral symbols?

See more

Which alphabet is the oldest?

Alphabet soup A new description of Hebrew as the world's oldest alphabet includes these proposed early Hebrew letters (middle), with corresponding modern Hebrew letters (left) and Egyptian hieroglyphic sources for letters (right).

How many alphabets were there originally?

It was widely used in the Mediterranean, including southern Europe, North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula and the Levant. The alphabet was made up of 22 letters, all of the consonants. In 750 BC, the Greeks added vowels to the Phoenician alphabet and the combination was regarded as the initial true alphabet.

What are the 4 types of alphabets?

Capital letters.Small letters.Cursive letters .Printing letters .

How many unique alphabets are there?

The first of these is the 14 alphabets myth, which goes something like this: “Georgians are among 14 lucky nations in the world who can be proud of their unique writing system.” TLG said this too – that there exist exactly 14 alphabets in the world which are currently used to write currently existing languages.

Who invented ABCD?

The original alphabet was developed by a Semitic people living in or near Egypt. * They based it on the idea developed by the Egyptians, but used their own specific symbols. It was quickly adopted by their neighbors and relatives to the east and north, the Canaanites, the Hebrews, and the Phoenicians.

How old is the letter J?

I understand that the letter "J" is relatively new — perhaps 400–500 years old.

What are the 22 alphabets in Hebrew?

The Hebrew alphabet has 22 letters. It does not have case. Five letters have different forms when used at the end of a word. Hebrew is written from right to left....Hebrew alphabetDirectionright-to-left scriptOfficial scriptIsraelLanguagesHebrew, Yiddish, Ladino, Mozarabic, Levantine Arabic, Aramaic, Judeo-Malayalam13 more rows

What is the 27th letter in the alphabet?

Total number of letters in the alphabet Until 1835, the English Alphabet consisted of 27 letters: right after "Z" the 27th letter of the alphabet was ampersand (&). The English Alphabet (or Modern English Alphabet) today consists of 26 letters: 23 from Old English and 3 added later.

What was before alphabets?

Before the alphabet was invented, early writing systems had been based on pictographic symbols known as hieroglyphics, or on cuneiform wedges, produced by pressing a stylus into soft clay.

What is the most beautiful alphabet?

The Top Ten Most Beautiful AlphabetsHebrew. Number of letters: 22. ... Urdu. Number of letters: 52 (39 basic and 13 'extra characters') ... Sanskrit. Number of letters: 46. ... Javanese. Number of letters: 53. ... Tibetan. Number of letters: 30. ... Thai. Number of letters: 44. ... Burmese. Number of letters: 33. ... Elvish. Number of letters: 26.More items...•

What language has no alphabet?

Inuktitut is one of the principal Inuit languages of Canada.

Why does Chinese have no alphabet?

Due to the consequent widespread confusion brought by it, the second round of simplification was soon officially rescinded and the government decided to revert to the first version of the Simplified Chinese Characters. As a result, the government stopped the alphabetization of the Chinese characters.

What alphabet was used in the Holy Land?

It is generally believed, in accordance with Jewish tradition, that the Early Hebrew alphabet was superseded in the Holy Land by the Aramaic alphabet during the Babylonian Exile (586–516 bce) and that the Aramaic script therefore became the parent of the Square Hebrew (in Hebrew ketav merubaʿ [“square script”] or ketav ashuri [“Assyrian writing”]). The theory may be only partly correct, because in the Holy Land the Early Hebrew alphabet was an object of such strong local attachment that for several centuries it was used side by side with the Aramaic script.

How many letters are in the Hebrew alphabet?

In the Square Hebrew alphabet there are five letters— kaf, mem, nun, pe, and tzade —that have dual forms. That is, there is one character for initial or medial position and another for final position. The Hebrew alphabet consists of 22 letters, all consonants, though four of them— alef, he, waw, and yod —are also employed to represent long vowels.

Where did the square Hebrew script come from?

At any rate, there is little doubt that the Square Hebrew did derive from the Aramaic alphabet. A distinctive Jewish variety of the Aramaic alphabet that can be regarded as the Square Hebrew script can be traced from the 3rd century bce.

Why is there no vowel in Hebrew?

The absence of vowel letters was not at first a problem, because Hebrew, like other Semitic languages, has consonantal roots, with vowels serving principally to denote inflections in nouns, moods of verbs, and other grammatical variations.

What is the ancient alphabet?

The Ancient alphabet was invented for the game Starbound. It is used to write the language of the Ancients, and is actually a substitution cipher of English.

What is the origin of the ancients?

Internal origin . The Ancients were a highly advanced race and have left behind many structures throughout the universe. Their alphabet can be found in most of these structures and can be translated to reveal some of their background story.

When was the alphabet invented?

The history of the alphabet goes back to the consonantal writing system used for Semitic languages in the Levant in the 2nd millennium BCE. Most or nearly all alphabetic scripts used throughout the world today ultimately go back to this Semitic proto-alphabet. Its first origins can be traced back to a Proto-Sinaitic script developed in Ancient ...

Where is the Greek alphabet used?

Several varieties of the Greek alphabet developed. One, known as Western Greek or Chalcidian, was used west of Athens and in southern Italy. The other variation, known as Eastern Greek, was used in Asia Minor (also called Asian Greece i.e. present-day aegean Turkey ).

What was the first true alphabet?

Etruscan writing, the beginning of the writing with the Latin alphabet. By at least the 8th century BCE the Greeks borrowed the Phoenician alphabet and adapted it to their own language, creating in the process the first "true" alphabet, in which vowels were accorded equal status with consonants.

What is the Greek alphabet on a black vessel?

Greek alphabet on an ancient black figure vessel. There is a digamma but no ksi or omega. The letter phi is missing a stroke and looks like the omicron Ο, but on the underside of the bowl it is a full Φ. Etruscan writing, the beginning of the writing with the Latin alphabet.

What is the Syriac alphabet?

The Syriac alphabet used after the third century CE evolved, through the Pahlavi scripts and Sogdian alphabet , into the alphabets of North Asia such as the Old Turkic alphabet (probably), the Old Uyghur alphabet, the Mongolian writing systems, and the Manchu alphabet.

What does the dark green area on the alphabet mean?

The dark green areas shows the countries where this alphabet is the sole main script. The light green shows the countries where the alphabet co-exists with other scripts. The Phoenician and Aramaic alphabets, like their Egyptian prototype, represented only consonants, a system called an abjad.

What are the two scripts that are used in the Egyptian alphabet?

Two scripts are well attested from before the end of the fourth millennium BCE: Mesopotamian cuneiform and Egyptian hieroglyphs . Hieroglyphs were employed in three ways in Ancient Egyptian texts: as logograms (ideograms) that represent a word denoting an object pictorially depicted by the hieroglyph; more commonly as phonograms writing a sound or sequence of sounds; and as determinatives (which provide clues to meaning without directly writing sounds). Since vowels were mostly unwritten, the hieroglyphs which indicated a single consonant could have been used as a consonantal alphabet (or "abjad"). This was not done when writing the Egyptian language, but seems to have been a significant influence on the creation of the first alphabet (used to write a Semitic language). All subsequent alphabets around the world have either descended from this first Semitic alphabet, or have been inspired by one of its descendants (i.e. " stimulus diffusion "), with the possible exception of the Meroitic alphabet, a 3rd-century BCE adaptation of hieroglyphs in Nubia to the south of Egypt. The Rongorongo script of Easter Island may also be an independently invented alphabet, but too little is known of it to be certain.

What alphabet did the Greeks use?

It developed from the Phoenician alphabet.The Greeks had trade relations with the Phoenicians. Herodotus, the 5th-century Greek historian called the Greek letters “Phoenicia Grammata” meaning Phoenician letters.

When was the Greek alphabet invented?

The Ancient Greek alphabet has been in use from 750 BC to today. It is interesting to note that the Greeks were the first Europeans to write an alphabet. Previous writing systems had been either syllabic or pictographic.

Why is the Greek alphabet called the Greek alphabet?

But the alphabet is also called Cadmeia (Καδμήια) because the Greeks believed that Cadmus brought the letters from Phoenicia to Ancient Thebes. However, they modified the Phoenician script. Addition of vowels was a uniquely Greek as Greek alphabet was the first alphabet to include vowels.

Which Greek alphabet was adopted by Athens?

The Ionic or eastern, form was adopted by Athens and became what we know today as the classical Greek alphabet. The Chalcidian or, western form, gave rise to the Etruscan alphabet that forms the basis of the Latin or a Roman alphabet that we use today.

What are the first three letters of the Greek alphabet?

The first three letters of the Greek alphabet are ABG. Early Greek alphabet had many variants, each suited to a local dialect. Between 1500 and 1200 BC, Mycenaeans, an early tribe of Greeks, has adapted the Minoan syllabary but it was not suitable to write the Greek.

How many letters are in the Greek alphabet?

The Greek alphabet is a set of twenty-four letters and it notes each vowel and consonant with a separate Greek symbol. The alphabet was originally written from right to the left though it was written from left to right later. The Greece alphabet has two main branches. They were the Ionic and the Chalcidian.

Which alphabet gave rise to many other alphabets including the Latin, the Gothic and the Cyrillic?

The Greek. alphabet gave rise to many other alphabets including the Latin, the Gothic and the Cyrillic.The Greek writing is another vast topic which may include the works of the greatest intellectuals and philosophers of ancient Greek including Aristotle and Plato. The only Greece alphabet is dealt with this topic.

What is the non-linear alphabet?

Other non-linear alphabets. These are other alphabets composed of something other than lines on a surface. Braille (Unified) – an embossed alphabet for the visually impaired, used with some extra letters to transcribe the Latin, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, and Arabic alphabets, as well as Chinese.

What does glyph mean in writing?

In logographic writing systems, glyphs represent words or morphemes (meaningful components of words, as in mean -ing-ful ), rather than phonetic elements. Note that no logographic script is composed solely of logograms. All contain graphemes that represent phonetic (sound-based) elements as well.

What is an abugida?

An abugida, or alphasyllabary, is a segmental script in which vowel sounds are denoted by diacritical marks or other systematic modification of the consonants. Generally, however, if a single letter is understood to have an inherent unwritten vowel, and only vowels other than this are written, then the system is classified as an abugida regardless of whether the vowels look like diacritics or full letters. The vast majority of abugidas are found from India to Southeast Asia and belong historically to the Brāhmī family, however the term is derived from the first characters of the abugida in Ge'ez: አ (A) ቡ (bu) ጊ (gi) ዳ (da) — (compare with alphabet ). Unlike abjads, the diacritical marks and systemic modifications of the consonants are not optional.

Is Chinese hieroglyphics ideographic?

Hieroglyphs were commonly thought to be ideographic before they were translated, and to this day Chinese is often erroneously said to be ideographic. In some cases of ideographic scripts, only the author of a text can read it with any certainty, and it may be said that they are interpreted rather than read.

Is the Persian alphabet a true alphabet?

In the case of Old Persian, all vowels were written regardless, so it was effectively a true alphabet despite its syllabic component. In Japanese a similar system plays a minor role in foreign borrowings; for example, [tu] is written [to]+ [u], and [ti] as [te]+ [i].

Is Zhuyin a semi-syllabic?

Zhuyin is semi-syllabic in a different sense: it transcribes half syllables. That is, it has letters for syllable onsets and rimes (kan = "k-an") rather than for consonants and vowels (kan = "k-a-n"). Paleohispanic semi-syllabaries – Paleo-Hispanic languages. Tartessian or Southwestern script – Tartessian or Southwestern language.

What is the oldest version of the Runic alphabet?

Elder Futhark is thought to be the oldest version of the Runic alphabet, and was used in the parts of Europe which were home to Germanic peoples, including Scandinavia. Other versions probably developed from it. The names of the letters are shown in Common Germanic, the reconstructed ancestor of all Germanic languages.

When did the Runic alphabet start?

The earliest known Runic inscriptions date from the 1st century AD, but the vast majority of Runic inscriptions date from the 11th century.

What is the origin of the Runic alphabet?

Runic alphabet. Little is known about the origins of the Runic alphabet, which is traditionally known as futhark after the first six letters. The Runic alphabet may have been based on an early version of the Greek alphabet. A number of letters resemble those used in early Greek alphabet. Alternatively it may have developed from one ...

What are the inscriptions on a grave stone?

grave stone inscriptions, often with who carved the runes and who was buried, and also who made sure the stone was raised. (Later grave slabs or stone coffins were sometimes inscribed with Christian texts carved in runes) religious/magic inscriptions: prayers and curses, formulas on charms, etc.

What are some examples of alphabetic writing?

Examples of alphabetic writing systems include the Latin alphabet, the Arabic alphabet and the Cyrillic alphabet.

Where did the alphabet originate?

The origin of the alphabet has been traced to ancient Egypt, though it has been pointed out that it was not the ancient Egyptians themselves who invented the alphabet. At that time, the Egyptians were using hieroglyphs.

What is the alphabetic system of the Proto-Sinaitic script?

Whilst the Proto-Sinaitic script is still not entirely understood by scholars, another better known early alphabetic system is that of the Ugaritic script . Around 5000 clay tablets written in the Ugaritic script have been discovered in Ugarit (in modern day Syria) so far, and it is thought that this writing system was invented between the 14 th and 12 th centuries BC. Based on the clay tablets, scholars have concluded that the Ugaritic script consisted of 27 consonants and 3 vowels, and, like English, was written from left to right.

How many consonants are in the Ugaritic alphabet?

Based on the clay tablets, scholars have concluded that the Ugaritic script consisted of 27 consonants and 3 vowels, and, like English, was written from left to right. It was, however, the Proto-Sinaitic script, rather than the Ugaritic that is associated with the next stage of the development of the alphabet we have today.

What tribes used alphabetic scripts?

This tribe came into contact with the Greek colonies in Italy, as well as the Etruscans, both of which were using alphabetic scripts. One of the results of these encounters was the adoption and adaptation of an alphabetic script by the Latins. This tribe eventually grew into the Roman Empire, conquered much of Europe, and spread the alphabetic script to the rest of their empire.

Which script evolved from the Proto Sinaic script?

The script that evolved from the Proto Sinaic script wat the Proto Cnaanite which was carried by the Cnaanite nations moving out of Egypt including and the Sinai desert Edomites, the Moabites and the Amonites back into the civilized centers of the Levant during the Iron age collapse.

How old are pictoral symbols?

There are alot of cave paintings that are extremely old and there have been alot of items found in the range of 40,000 - 60,000 years old that are covered in a form of pigmented paint.

Overview

The history of the alphabet goes back to the consonantal writing system used for Semitic languages in the Levant in the 2nd millennium BCE. Most or nearly all alphabetic scripts used throughout the world today ultimately go back to this Semitic proto-alphabet. Its first origins can be traced back to a Proto-Sinaitic script developed in Ancient Egypt to represent the language of Semitic-speaking workers and slaves in Egypt. Unskilled in the complex hieroglyphic system use…

Predecessors

Two scripts are well attested from before the end of the fourth millennium BCE: Mesopotamian cuneiform and Egyptian hieroglyphs. Hieroglyphs were employed in three ways in Ancient Egyptian texts: as logograms (ideograms) that represent a word denoting an object pictorially depicted by the hieroglyph; more commonly as phonograms writing a sound or sequence of sounds; and as determinatives (which provide clues to meaning without directly writing sounds). Since vowels …

Consonantal alphabets

The Proto-Sinaitic script of Egypt has yet to be fully deciphered. However, it may be alphabetic and probably records the Canaanite language. The oldest examples are found as graffiti in the Wadi el Hol and date to perhaps 1850 BCE. The table below shows hypothetical prototypes of the Phoenician alphabet in Egyptian hieroglyphs. Several correspondences have been proposed with Prot…

Alphabets with vowels

Adoption
By at least the 8th century BCE the Greeks borrowed the Phoenician alphabet and adapted it to their own language, creating in the process the first "true" alphabet, in which vowels were accorded equal status with consonants. According to Greek legends transmitted by Herodotus, the alphabet was broug…

Letter names and order

The order of the letters of the alphabet is attested from the fourteenth century BCE in the town of Ugarit on Syria's northern coast. Tablets found there bear over one thousand cuneiform signs, but these signs are not Babylonian and there are only thirty distinct characters. About twelve of the tablets have the signs set out in alphabetic order. There are two orders found, one of which is nearly identical to the order used for Hebrew, Greek and Latin, and a second order very similar to t…

Graphically independent alphabets

One modern national alphabet that has not been graphically traced back to the Canaanite alphabet is the Maldivian script, which is unique in that, although it is clearly modeled after Arabic and perhaps other existing alphabets, it derives its letter forms from numerals. Another is the Korean Hangul, which was created independently in 1443. The Osmanya alphabet was devised for Somali in the 1920s by Osman Yusuf Kenadid, and the forms of its consonants appear to be com…

Alphabets in other media

Changes to a new writing medium sometimes caused a break in graphical form, or make the relationship difficult to trace. It is not immediately obvious that the cuneiform Ugaritic alphabet derives from a prototypical Semitic abjad, for example, although this appears to be the case. And while manual alphabets are a direct continuation of the local written alphabet (both the British two-handed and the French/American one-handed alphabets retain the forms of the Latin alphabet, a…

See also

• History of writing
• History of the Arabic alphabet
• History of the Latin script
• History of the Hebrew alphabet

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    • themes.DevBlog.panels.navbar (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/navbar.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.footer (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/footer.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.scripts (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/scripts.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    uri
    GET {post}
    middleware
    web, checkdate
    as
    post.show
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\Frontend\json_data\PostController@show
    namespace
    where
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/json_data/PostController.php:18-166
    7 statements were executed1.04s
    • select * from `posts` where `published_at` <= '2025-07-03 23:32:34' and `slug` = 'list-of-ancient-alphabets' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      2.21ms/app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 2025-07-03 23:32:34
      • 1. list-of-ancient-alphabets
      Backtrace
      • 15. /app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:842
      • 19. Route binding:39
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:78
    • select * from `json_post_contents` where `json_post_contents`.`post_id` = 93092 and `json_post_contents`.`post_id` is not null and `rewrite_id` = 0
      2.97msmiddleware::checkdate:30receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 93092
      • 1. 0
      Backtrace
      • 19. middleware::checkdate:30
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/jetstream/src/Http/Middleware/ShareInertiaData.php:61
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
    • select * from `nova_menu_menus` where `slug` = 'header' limit 1
      280μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. header
      Backtrace
      • 15. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` = 1 and `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` is not null and `parent_id` is null order by `parent_id` asc, `order` asc, `name` asc
      260μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 1
      Backtrace
      • 19. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 20. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`parent_id` in (1) order by `order` asc
      230μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Backtrace
      • 24. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 25. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select `id`, `post_title`, `slug` from `posts` where `status` = 'publish' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 10
      1.03s/app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. publish
      Backtrace
      • 14. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22
      • 15. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:12
      • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177
    • select * from `fake_users` where `fake_users`.`id` = 35878 limit 1
      570μsview::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 35878
      Backtrace
      • 21. view::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:108
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 25. /vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
      • 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:61
    App\Models\FakeUser
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\MenuItem
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\Menu
    1
    App\Models\JsonPostContent
    1
    App\Models\Post
    11
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        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/list-of-ancient-alphabets" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /list-of-ancient-alphabets
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_server
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
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