¿Quién es el padre de Juan de Portugal?
Juan de Portugal. Para otras personas del mismo nombre, véase Juan de Portugal (desambiguación). 13 de enero de 1400 jul. - Alcácer do Sal, 18 de octubre de 1442. ). Infante de Portugal y conde de Aveiro, fue hijo de los reyes Juan I de Portugal y Felipa de Lancaster.
¿Quién es el padre de Juan 2?
Era hijo del rey Alfonso V el Africano y de su primera esposa, Isabel. Juan II sucedió a su padre en 1477 cuando este se retiró a un monasterio y se convirtió en rey en 1481.
¿Quién es el rey de Portugal?
Juan II de Portugal (Juan II de Avís, llamado el Príncipe Tirano o el Príncipe Perfecto; Lisboa, 1455 - Alvor, 1495) Rey de Portugal (1481-1495). Era hijo de Alfonso V de Portugal, a quien ya en plena juventud sustituyó como regente en dos ocasiones (1475 y 1477) por ausencia del monarca.
Who was the king of Portugal in 1477?
As a prince, John II accompanied his father in the campaigns in northern Africa ...
Who was the Portuguese king of Portugal?
John II of Portugal. (more...) detail... John II ( Portuguese: João II; [ʒuˈɐ̃w̃]; 3 March 1455 – 25 October 1495), called the Perfect Prince (Portuguese: o Príncipe Perfeito ), was King of Portugal from 1481 until his death in 1495, and also for a brief time in 1477.
What was John II's greatest achievement?
John II famously restored the policies of Atlantic exploration, reviving the work of his great-uncle, Henry the Navigator. The Portuguese explorations were his main priority in government. Portuguese explorers pushed south along the known coast of Africa with the purpose of discovering the maritime route to India and breaking into the spice trade. During his reign, the following achievements were realized:
What was John II's main goal in the Consolidation of Power?
After his official accession to the throne in 1481, John II took a series of measures to curtail the power of the Portuguese aristocracy and concentrate power in himself. As one of example of the measure he took, he deprived the nobles of their right to administer justice on their estates.
How did Prince of Portugal die?
Prince of Portugal. Died in a horse riding accident. Because of the premature death of the prince the throne was inherited by Manuel of Viseu, Duke of Beja, son of Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu, who reigned as Manuel I, 14th King of Portugal . Stillborn son, born in 1483.
What religion was Isabella of Coimbra?
Isabella of Coimbra. Religion. Roman Catholicism. John II ( Portuguese: João II; [ʒuˈɐ̃w̃]; 3 March 1455 – 25 October 1495), called the Perfect Prince (Portuguese: o Príncipe Perfeito ), was King of Portugal from 1481 until his death in 1495, and also for a brief time in 1477.
Who succeeded John II?
Despite his attempts to have his illegitimate son Jorge, Duke of Coimbra, succeed him, he was succeeded by his first cousin and brother in-law, Manuel I .
¿Qué hizo Juan II de Portugal?
Apoyó sobre todo los viajes de exploración por el Oceáno Atlántico, dando seguimiento a la empresa iniciada por Enrique el Navegante, su tío abuelo. Buscó una ruta alternativa hacia la India, explorando la costa africana.
¿Qué hizo Juan II?
Tras subir al trono, sus primeras acciones como gobernante se encaminaron a poner freno al creciente poder de la aristocracia, concentrando el poder en su persona. La nobleza, como respuesta, comenzó a conspirar en contra de su monarca. Juan II no tomó represalias y aguardó el momento de escarmentar a su nobleza, lo que pudo hacer en la persona de Fernando II, duque de Braganza.
¿Quién fue el primer rey de Portugal?
Hijo de Alfonso V, el africano y de Isabel de Coimbra, Juan II de Avis, nació en Lisboa, el 3 de marzo de 1455 , convirtiéndose en rey de Portugal en 1481.
¿Qué países tenían problemas con la línea sucesoria?
Portugal y Castilla y Aragón tenían además problemas relacionados con la línea sucesoria : Los reyes católicos, Isabel I de Castilla y su esposo Fernando II de Aragón sólo tenían un hijo varón, Juan, débil y enfermizo. La hija mayor de los reyes, Isabel, se había casado con el príncipe Alfonso de Portugal, durante su infancia.
Qui était Jean II de Portugal?
Jean II de Portugal, en portugais João II (surnommé le Prince parfait, Lisbonne, 3 mars 1455 - Alvor, 25 octobre 1495) fut le 13e roi de Portugal. Il était le fils du roi Alphonse V de Portugal et d’ Isabelle de Portugal, reine de Portugal. Jean II succéda à son père après son abdication. Cependant, en 1477, Alphonse V reprit le pouvoir et Jean ne redevint roi qu’en 1481 .
Pourquoi Jean II était-il si peu populaire parmi les nobles?
Déjà dans sa jeunesse, Jean était peu populaire parmi la noblesse parce qu’il ne paraissait pas être influencé par l’extérieur et détestait les intrigues. Les nobles puissants, spécialement Fernand II, duc de Bragance (un très riche propriétaire terrien), avaient peur de son arrivée au pouvoir et dès qu’il eut pris le pouvoir on vit qu’ils avaient raison. Après son accès au trône, Jean II prit une série de mesures dans le but de retirer du pouvoir à l’aristocratie et le concentrer dans ses mains. Notamment, il imposa l’approbation par le souverain des droits seigneuriaux terminant ainsi, par une habitude du XVe siècle, une lutte contre les traditions wisigothes maintenues durant la Reconquista et les règnes alphonsins. Ces mesures avaient aussi pour but d’empêcher les extorsions exercées par l’aristocratie sur le petit peuple. Rapidement, commencèrent les conspirations qui se terminèrent par la victoire totale du roi et la mort ou l’exil de ses opposants ( 1483 ). La tradition dit que Jean II commenta ainsi le « nettoyage » du pays : « Je suis le seigneur des seigneurs et non le serf des serfs. » Après ces événements, plus personne, au Portugal, n’osa défier le roi qui n’hésitait pas à régler les problèmes de ses propres mains. Le 22 août 1484, le duc de Viseu, prétendant au trône, est poignardé à Setúbal de la main du roi . Jean II était donc libre pour gouverner le pays sans plus aucune opposition.
Comment est mort le roi Jean 2?
Jean II est mort d' hydropisie mais vu la haine que la noblesse portugaise lui portait, l’hypothèse d’un empoisonnement n’a jamais été écartée. Avant de mourir, Jean avait choisi Manuel de Viseu, duc de Beja, son cousin germain, beau-frère et fils adoptif, comme successeur.
Who appointed John as the king of Portugal?
In 1474 his father entrusted him with the “trade of Guinea” and the African explorations. When Afonso V claimed the Castilian throne in opposition to Isabella I, plunging Portugal into war, he appointed John his regent (April 1475).
Who was the Portuguese king who was a Portuguese king?
Role In: Treaty of Tordesillas. ... (Show more) Full Article. John II, byname The Perfect Prince, Portuguese O Principe Perfeito, (born 1455, Lisbon, Port.—died October 1495, Alvor), king of Portugal from 1481 to 1495, regarded as one of the greatest Portuguese rulers, chiefly because of his ruthless assertion of royal authority over ...
What was the purpose of John II's peace treaty?
At John II’s accession, this peace treaty had obliged him to place his young children under Spanish guardianship near the frontier as a pledge of their marriage to Castilians. Afonso had been limited in authority by the ambitious House of Bragança, the wealthiest family in Portugal. John summoned the Cortes (assembly) at Évora (November 1481) ...
Who was John I?
John was the great-grandson of the founder of the House of Aviz, John I, and only surviving son of Afonso V by his queen and cousin, Isabella. He was educated by the humanists of the court and was married to his cousin Leonor in 1471. He participated in his father’s conquest of Arzila in Morocco, where he was knighted, and was given a separate household at Beja in southern Portugal. In 1474 his father entrusted him with the “trade of Guinea” and the African explorations. When Afonso V claimed the Castilian throne in opposition to Isabella I, plunging Portugal into war, he appointed John his regent (April 1475). The Prince mobilized an army and marched to support his father, but the Battle of Toro (March 1476) checked the Portuguese intrusion into Castile. Afonso V departed for France in a fruitless search for an alliance, while John defended the frontier and parried a Spanish counterattack. Afonso’s lack of success caused him to announce his abdication. John was proclaimed king, but his father returned and resumed his reign, concluding the disadvantageous Treaty of Alcáçovas before his death in August 1481.
Who was the Jewish leader who was allowed to leave Spain?
When in May 1492 Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain decided to expel the Jewish population, John received a delegation of Spanish Jews who offered 60,000 cruzados for the permanent admission of 600 wealthy families to Portugal, together with a fee of eight cruzados a head for the temporary admission of others, who would be allowed to remain eight months, after which John would supply ships for them to leave. In fact, ships were provided only for Tangier and Arzila; some Jewish children were sent to settle the island of São Tomé.
Why did John seek vengeance?
Although evidence was produced that the Braganças had intrigued with Castile, it seems clear that John sought vengeance for their having caused the death of his maternal grandfather, the regent Dom Pedro. He confiscated the Braganças’ vast estates and appointed royal judges in what had been private jurisdictions of the nobility.
When did John II die?
John II died on 20 July 1454 in Valladolid .
Who was the heiress of Asturias?
Eleanor, Princess of Asturias (1423–1425), his heiress presumptive from the death of Catherine until the birth of Henry. King Henry IV of Castile (1425–1474) Infanta Maria (1428–1429) Of all their children, only the future Henry IV of Castile survived infancy.
Overview
John II , called the Perfect Prince (Portuguese: o Príncipe Perfeito), was King of Portugal from 1481 until his death in 1495, and also for a brief time in 1477. He is known for re-establishing the power of the Portuguese monarchy, reinvigorating the Portuguese economy, and renewing his country's exploration of Africa and Asia.
Early life
Born in Lisbon, the son of King Afonso V of Portugal by his wife, Isabella of Coimbra, John II succeeded his father as ruler of Portugal in 1477, when the king retired to a monastery, but only became king in 1481, after the death of his father and predecessor.
As a prince, John II accompanied his father in the campaigns in northern Africa and was made a knight after the victory in the Conquest of Arzila in 1471. In 1473, he married Leonor of Viseu, an in…
Consolidation of power
After his official accession to the throne in 1481, John II took a series of measures to curtail the power of the Portuguese aristocracy and concentrate power in himself. As one of example of the measure he took, he deprived the nobles of their right to administer justice on their estates. Immediately, the nobles started to conspire. Letters of complaint and pleas to intervene were ex…
Economy
Facing a bankrupt kingdom, John II showed the initiative to solve the situation by creating a regime in which a council of scholars took a vital role. The king conducted a search of the population and selected members for the Council on the basis of their abilities, talents and credentials (meritocracy). John's exploration policies (see below) also paid great dividends. Such was the profit coming from John II's investments in the overseas explorations and expansion th…
Exploration
John II famously restored the policies of Atlantic exploration, reviving the work of his great-uncle, Henry the Navigator. The Portuguese explorations were his main priority in government. Portuguese explorers pushed south along the known coast of Africa with the purpose of discovering the maritime route to India and breaking into the spice trade. During his reign, the following achievements were realized:
Conflict with Castile
When Columbus returned from his first voyage early in 1493, he first stopped in Lisbon to claim his victory in front of King John II. King John II's only response to this was that under the Treaty of Alcáçovas previously signed with Spain, Columbus's discoveries lay within Portugal's sphere of influence. Before Columbus even reached Isabella I of Castile, John II had already sent a letter t…
Legacy
John II died at Alvor at age 40 without legitimate children. Despite his attempts to have his illegitimate son Jorge, Duke of Coimbra, succeed him, he was succeeded by his first cousin and brother in-law, Manuel I.
The nickname the Perfect Prince is a posthumous appellation that is intended to refer to Niccolò Machiavelli's work The Prince. John II is considered to have lived his life exactly according to th…
In popular culture
• In the TV series Christopher Columbus (1985) he is played by Max von Sydow.
• In the film Christopher Columbus: The Discovery (1992) he is played by Mathieu Carrière.
• He appears in Civilization IV (as João II), leading the Portuguese.