Is an example of Bingham plastic fluid?
Examples of Bingham plastic fluids: toothpaste, mayonnaise, chocolate, mustard. These fluids need a force to be applied before they can flow.
Is mayonnaise a non-Newtonian fluid?
Mayonnaise is a non-Newtonian, pseudoplastic fluid show- ing the yield stress and thixotropy phenomena [4–9]. It also has viscoelastic properties [10–12].
Is ketchup a Bingham plastic?
Ketchup is known as a Casson plastic, meaning it has a non-linear flow once the critical stress point is overcome. That's why you have to hit the bottle hard to get the ketchup to flow. This force overcomes the stress point and allows the ketchup to flow very quickly.
Is yogurt a Bingham plastic?
The essential difference between Newtonian fluids and Bingham plastics can be modeled very well by water and glycerine, which are Newtonian fluids, and by yogurt, which is a Bingham plastic.
What type of liquid is mayonnaise?
Mayonnaise is an emulsion, which is a mixture of two liquids that normally can't be combined. Combining oil and water is the classic example. Emulsifying is done by slowly adding one ingredient to another while simultaneously mixing rapidly. This disperses and suspends tiny droplets of one liquid through another.
Are creams Bingham Plastics?
A Bingham plastic fluid exhibits a yield stress which essentially means it behaves as a fluid above the yield stress and like a solid below this stress level. Some non-Newtonian suspensions exhibit these properties such as toothpaste, paint, mayonnaise and shaving cream.
Is peanut butter shear thinning?
In the example of peanut butter, if one were to mix a spoonful in a bowl, the longer and faster one stirs, the thinner the peanut butter becomes. This is due to the shear- thinning effect of the compound.
Is honey a Newtonian?
Although most honeys are Newtonian fluids, interesting shear-thinning and thixotropic as well as anti-thixotropic behaviour have been described for some types of honey. Rheological parameters have also been successfully applied to identify honey adulteration and to discriminate between different honey types.
Which one of the following is the example of Bingham plastic?
4. Which of the following is an example of Bingham plastic? Explanation: A Bingham plastic is a viscoplastic material that behaves as a rigid body at low stresses but flows as a viscous fluid at high stress. It is used as a common mathematical model of mud flow in drilling engineering, and in the handling of slurries.
Is Mustard Bingham a plastic?
Bingham plastic Several examples are clay suspensions, drilling mud, toothpaste, mayonnaise, chocolate, and mustard.
Is ketchup a pseudoplastic?
Tomato ketchup is a pseudoplastic — or "shear thinning" substance — which can make it difficult to pour from a glass bottle.
Is ketchup a shear thinning?
Fortunately, ketchup also has an interesting shear thinning property. When an external force is applied in addition to gravity, the increased shear will result in decreasing the ketchup's viscosity, allowing the product to flow more readily.
Summary
Classification of fluids with shear stress as a function of shear rate.
Shear thickening fluid
The viscosity of a shear thickening fluid, or dilatant fluid, appears to increase when the shear rate increases. Corn starch suspended in water ("oobleck", see below) is a common example: when stirred slowly it looks milky, when stirred vigorously it feels like a very viscous liquid.
Shear thinning fluid
Paint is a non-newtonian fluid. A flat surface covered with white paint is oriented vertically (before taking the picture the flat surface was horizontal, placed on a table). The fluid starts dripping down the surface but, because of its non-newtonian nature, it is subjected to stress due to the gravitational acceleration.
Bingham plastic
Fluids that have a linear shear stress/shear strain relationship but require a finite yield stress before they begin to flow (the plot of shear stress against shear strain does not pass through the origin) are called Bingham plastics. Several examples are clay suspensions, drilling mud, toothpaste, mayonnaise, chocolate, and mustard.
Rheopectic or anti-thixotropic
There are also fluids whose strain rate is a function of time. Fluids that require a gradually increasing shear stress to maintain a constant strain rate are referred to as rheopectic. An opposite case of this is a fluid that thins out with time and requires a decreasing stress to maintain a constant strain rate ( thixotropic ).
Oobleck
Oobleck on a subwoofer. Applying force to oobleck, by sound waves in this case, makes the non-Newtonian fluid thicken.
Flubber (slime)
Flubber, also commonly known as slime, is a non-Newtonian fluid, easily made from polyvinyl alcohol –based glues (such as white "school" glue) and borax. It flows under low stresses but breaks under higher stresses and pressures. This combination of fluid-like and solid-like properties makes it a Maxwell fluid.
Overview
A Bingham plastic is a viscoplastic material that behaves as a rigid body at low stresses but flows as a viscous fluid at high stress. It is named after Eugene C. Bingham who proposed its mathematical form.
It is used as a common mathematical model of mud flow in drilling engineering, and in the handling of slurries. A common example is toothpaste, which will no…
Explanation
Figure 1 shows a graph of the behaviour of an ordinary viscous (or Newtonian) fluid in red, for example in a pipe. If the pressure at one end of a pipe is increased this produces a stress on the fluid tending to make it move (called the shear stress) and the volumetric flow rate increases proportionally. However, for a Bingham Plastic fluid (in blue), stress can be applied but it will not flow until …
Definition
The material is an elastic solid for shear stress , less than a critical value . Once the critical shear stress (or "yield stress") is exceeded, the material flows in such a way that the shear rate, ∂u/∂y (as defined in the article on viscosity), is directly proportional to the amount by which the applied shear stress exceeds the yield stress:
Friction factor formulae
In fluid flow, it is a common problem to calculate the pressure drop in an established piping network. Once the friction factor, f, is known, it becomes easier to handle different pipe-flow problems, viz. calculating the pressure drop for evaluating pumping costs or to find the flow-rate in a piping network for a given pressure drop. It is usually extremely difficult to arrive at exact analytical solution to calculate the friction factor associated with flow of non-Newtonian fluids a…
Approximations of the Buckingham–Reiner equation
Although an exact analytical solution of the Buckingham–Reiner equation can be obtained because it is a fourth order polynomial equation in f, due to complexity of the solution it is rarely employed. Therefore, researchers have tried to develop explicit approximations for the Buckingham–Reiner equation.
The Swamee–Aggarwal equation is used to solve directly for the Darcy–Weisbach friction facto…
Combined equation for friction factor for all flow regimes
In 1981, Darby and Melson, using the approach of Churchill and of Churchill and Usagi, developed an expression to get a single friction factor equation valid for all flow regimes:
where:
Both Swamee–Aggarwal equation and the Darby–Melson equation can be combined to give an explicit equation for determining the friction factor of Bingham plastic fluids in any regime. Relat…
See also
• Bagnold number
• Bernoulli's principle
• Bingham-Papanastasiou model
• Rheology
• Shear thinning
Explanation
- Figure 1 shows a graph of the behaviour of an ordinary viscous (or Newtonian) fluid in red, for example in a pipe. If the pressure at one end of a pipe is increased this produces a stress on the fluid tending to make it move (called the shear stress) and the volumetric flow rate increases proportionally. However for a Bingham Plastic fluid (in blue...
Definition
- The material is an elastic solid for shear stress τ, less than a critical value τ0{\displaystyle \tau _{0}}. Once the critical shear stress (or "yield stress") is exceeded, the material flows in such a way that the shear rate, ∂u/∂y (as defined in the article on viscosity), is directly proportional to the amount by which the applied shear stress exceeds the yield stress: 1. ∂u∂y={0,τ<τ0(τ−τ0)/μ∞,τ≥τ…
Friction Factor Formulae
- In fluid flow, it is a common problem to calculate the pressure drop in an established piping network. Once the friction factor, f, is known, it becomes easier to handle different pipe-flow problems, viz. calculating the pressure drop for evaluating pumping costs or to find the flow-rate in a piping network for a given pressure drop. It is usually extremely difficult to arrive at exact an…
Approximations of The Buckingham-Reiner Equation
- Although an exact analytical solution of the Buckingham-Reiner equation can be obtained because it is a fourth order polynomial equation in f, due to complexity of the solution it is rarely employed. Therefore, researchers have tried to develop explicit approximations for the Buckingham-Reinerequation.
Combined Equation For Friction Factor For All Flow Regimes
- Darby-Melson equation
In 1981, Darby and Melson, using the approach of Churchill and of Churchill and Usagi,developed an expression to get a single friction factor equation valid for all flow regimes: 1. f=[fLm+fTm]1m{\displaystyle \ f=\ {\left[{f_{L}}^{m}+{f_{T}}^{m}\right]}^{1 \over m}} where: 1. m=…
See Also
Explanation
- Figure 1 shows a graph of the behaviour of an ordinary viscous (or Newtonian) fluid in red, for example in a pipe. If the pressure at one end of a pipe is increased this produces a stress on the fluid tending to make it move (called the shear stress) and the volumetric flow rate increases proportionally. However for a Bingham Plastic fluid (in blue...
Definition
- The material is rigid for shear stress τ, less than a critical value . Once the critical shear stress (or "yield stress") is exceeded, the material flows in such a way that the shear rate, ∂u/∂y (as defined in the article on viscosity), is directly proportional to the amount by which the applied shear stress exceeds the yield stress:
Friction Factor Formulae
- In fluid flow, it is a common problem to calculate the pressure drop in an established piping network.[4] Once the friction factor, f, is known, it becomes easier to handle different pipe-flow problems, viz. calculating the pressure drop for evaluating pumping costs or to find the flow-rate in a piping network for a given pressure drop. It is usually extremely difficult to arrive at exact an…
Approximations of The Buckingham-Reiner Equation
- Although an exact analytical solution of the Buckingham-Reiner equation can be obtained because it is a fourth order polynomial equation in f, due to complexity of the solution it is rarely employed. Therefore, researchers have tried to develop explicit approximations for the Buckingham-Reinerequation.
Combined Equation For Friction Factor For All Flow Regimes
- Darby-Melson Equation
In 1981, Darby and Melson, using the approach of Churchill [9] and of Churchill and Usagi,[10] developed an expression to get a single friction factor equation valid for all flow regimes:[6] where: Both Swamee-Aggarwal equation and the Darby-Melsonequation can be combined to giv…