Astronomy
Astronomy, a natural science, is the study of celestial objects (such as stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets and nebulae) and processes (such as supernovae explosions, gamma ray bursts, and cosmic microwave background radiation), the physics, chemistry, and evolution of such objects and processes, and more generally all phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth.
Which way is vertical up or down?
Sep 07, 2011 · yes , a lateral load is one that has a horizontal direction . What is the horizontal distance between called? It is called the displacement in the horizontal direction. How is …
What way does vertical go and horizontal go?
1 a : of or relating to the apparent junction of earth and sky : situated near the horizon. b : parallel to, in the plane of, or operating in a plane parallel to the horizon or to a baseline : level horizontal distance a horizontal engine. 2 : relating to, directed toward, or consisting of individuals or entities of similar status or on the same level horizontal mergers horizontal hostility.
What does horizontal stand for?
Anything parallel to the horizon is called horizontal. As vertical is the opposite of horizontal, anything that makes a 90-degree angle (right angle) with the horizontal or the horizon is called vertical. So, the horizontal line is one that runs across from left to right. Use of horizontal and vertical in Mathematics
What is the difference between horizontal and vertical lines?
The horizontal direction represents similarity across a single floor. From the Cambridge English Corpus The waves are assumed to be periodic in time and in the horizontal direction. From the Cambridge English Corpus Subsequently, the crack will propagate in a predominantly horizontal direction along the neutral-buoyancy level.
What does horizontal mean?
being in a prone or supine position; recumbent: His bad back has kept him horizontal for a week.
What is horizontal line?
A horizontal line is one that goes from left to right across the page. This is because horizontal lines are parallel to the horizon.
What is horizontal example?
A horizontal line is a line extending from left to right. When you look at the sunrise over the horizon you are seeing the sunrise over a horizontal line. The x-axis is an example of a horizontal line.Mar 1, 2022
What is vertical and horizontal?
A vertical line is any line parallel to the vertical direction. A horizontal line is any line normal to a vertical line.
What type of lines run horizontally?
What is Meant by a Horizontal Line? Horizontal lines are also known as sleeping lines. In coordinate geometry, horizontal lines are those lines that are parallel to the x-axis and form the equation, y = b, where 'b' is constant, as there is no change in the y-coordinate because the slope is equal to zero.
What is horizontal shape?
Straight lines are horizontal if they go across from side to side, without going up or down at all. Straight lines are vertical if they go straight up and down, or top to bottom, without going across at all. Lines are slanting if they don't go straight across or straight up.
What is an example of vertical?
For instance, two balls are such that if the top one falls, it will always fall on the bottom one no matter what is the distance between the two balls, then the two balls are said to be vertical.
What is the vertical line?
Definition of vertical line : a line perpendicular to a surface or to another line considered as a base: such as. a : a line perpendicular to the horizon. b : a line parallel to the sides of a page or sheet as distinguished from a horizontal line.
What does horizontal mean in English?
English Language Learners Definition of horizontal. : positioned from side to side rather than up and down : parallel to the ground. See the full definition for horizontal in the English Language Learners Dictionary.
What is horizontal in math?
Definition of horizontal. 1 a : of or relating to the apparent junction of earth and sky : situated near the horizon. b : parallel to, in the plane of, or operating in a plane parallel to the horizon or to a baseline : level horizontal distance a horizontal engine. 2 : relating to, directed toward, or consisting of individuals or entities ...
What does horizontal mean in medical terms?
Medical Definition of horizontal. 1 : relating to or being a transverse plane or section of the body. 2 a : relating to or being transmission (as of a disease) by physical contact or proximity in contrast with inheritance — compare vertical. b : of or relating to horizontal gene transfer.
What is the horizontal line of sight distance from your cheekbone to the base of the tree?
Recent Examples on the Web The horizontal line of sight distance, from your cheekbone to the base of the tree, by trigonometry, is about equal to the vertical height of the tree. — Ron Seifer, sun-sentinel.com, 24 June 2021 There are variations of many of these flags made by different creators and there are other flags that stray away from only colored horizontal stripes. — Sarah Prager, Better Homes & Gardens, 16 June 2021
What is the line that runs across from left to right called?
So, the horizontal line is one that runs across from left to right.
What is the difference between a sleeping line and a ladder lying flat?
What you see is described as HORIZONTAL . A sleeping line is nothing but a horizontal line. A ladder lying flat is the same as a ladder lying horizontally.
Is a man lying flat on the floor the same as a man lying horizontally on the floor?
A man lying flat on the floor is the same as a man lying horizontally on the floor. Horizontal is the opposite of vertical. In geometry, we use the words vertical and horizontal for standing and sleeping respectively. The line at which the earth’s surface and the sky appear to meet is called the horizon. Anything parallel to the horizon is called ...
How to get horizontal motion?
To obtain a horizontal motion, a projectile must be launched in a straight line, and not at any angle. The velocity of the projectile varies, but the direction in which a projectile is launched should be perpendicular to the surface of the Earth.
What are some examples of horizontal motion?
Some example of horizontal motion is given below: The motion of the Earth around the sun is horizontal. A boat traveling in a river. A shell fired from a gun. The motion of a billiard ball on the billiard table is horizontal. Throwing a ball or a cannonball is a horizontal motion.
What is the difference between horizontal and vertical projectile motion?
Horizontal motion is defined as a projectile motion in a horizontal plane depending upon the force acting on it.
Why is the horizontal component of a projectile constant throughout the flight duration?
This is because, after launching the projectile, no horizontal force acts on it. So the projectile travels horizontally ...
What is motion in a plane?
Motion in a plane is also called a motion in two dimensions. Some examples of two-dimensional motions are circular motion and projectile motion. For the analysis of two-dimensional projectile motion, m is a reference point taken at the origin of two coordinate axes viz: X-axis and Y-axis.
How to drop two stones vertically?
Drop two stones vertically from the same height, and at the same time, one from each hand. Listen, when the stones hit the ground. They have to land on the surface ground at the same time.
How high is the Eiffel Tower?
The upper platform of Eiffel's tower is 276 m (906 ft) above the ground. The calculator of horizontal projectile motion shows the tile of flight, distance traveled, and the trajectory. It can be found out that it takes around 7 seconds for the ball to reach the surface or ground.
What is horizontal directional drilling?
In horizontal directional drilling, focusing on the serious failure engineering problems of reamer drilling in soft and hard sandwiching, this chapter establishes a nonlinear dynamics finite element model which is composed of a diameter of 601-mm cone reamer entity and a three-dimensional rock. The model is based on elastic-plastic and rock mechanics. Using the Drucker-Prager guidelines as a rock constitutive, a comparative study of lateral, axial, and torsional vibration intensity in the former soft-hard formation, former hard-soft formation, and homogeneous formation was performed and the following conclusions and recommendations were made:
What is HDD drilling?
Horizontal directional drilling (HDD) technology has been widely adopted for oil and gas pipelines in the crossing of rivers, channels, highways, railways, and other complex or unsuitable shallow buried areas.
How is reaming done?
Reaming is accomplished by pushing and rotating the drill bit as it follows the pilot bore to its completion depth. In most cases with blind wells, the borehole is stabilized by casing and cementing through the curvature prior to drilling the horizontal portion of the borehole.
How long does it take to build a HDD well?
An HDD well could be drilled and constructed in approximately 3 months, although development could take several additional months.
What is trenchless laying?
Trenchless laying techniques, such as horizontal directional drilling, are being used more and more frequently in situations where open trenches are undesirable – such as at highway crossings; or impossible – such as at river crossings.
How to reduce pipeline exposure?
Other than rerouting the pipeline to avoid the hazard, there are two methods to reduce pipeline exposure. Horizontal directional drilling techniques can be used to locate the pipeline below the zone of ground displacement. This technique is most commonly used to avoid lateral spread hazards at river crossings.
When to use HDD?
HDD is often employed when an open-cut excavation is unsuitable, such as at a railway crossing or river crossing. Most pipelines installed by this process are fusion-welded continuous HDPE pipes, although steel, ductile iron, and PVC pipes are also installed by this process.
What does "horizontal" mean in football?
To pass the footbal to a receiver who is behind the passer; to make a lateral pass; as, the ball was lateraled to the fullback, who ran it for a touchdown. Horizontal (adjective) Pertaining to, or near, the horizon. Horizontal (adjective) Parallel to the horizon; on a level; as, a horizontalline or surface.
What does "lateral" mean in marketing?
Lateral (adjective) To the side; of or pertaining to the side. "Instead of a promotion, I opted for a lateral move to a similar position in the marketing department.". Lateral (adjective) Non-linear or unconventional, as in, lateral thinking. Lateral (adjective)
What is a lateral pass?
A lateral pass. Lateral (noun) An employee hired for a position at the same organizational level or salary as their previous position. Lateral (verb) To move (oneself or something) in a lateral direction. Lateral (verb) To execute a lateral pass.
What does "lateral lemniscus" mean?
Lateral (adjective) lying away from the median and sagittal plane of a body; "lateral lemniscus". Horizontal (noun) something that is oriented horizontally. Horizontal (adjective) parallel to or in the plane of the horizon or a base line; "a horizontal surface". "a vertical camera angle".
Overview
In astronomy, geography, and related sciences and contexts, a direction or plane passing by a given point is said to be vertical if it contains the local gravity direction at that point. Conversely, a direction or plane is said to be horizontal if it is perpendicular to the vertical direction. In general, something that is vertical can be drawn from up to down (or down to up), such as the y-axis in the Cartesian coordinate system.
Historical definition
The word horizontal is derived from the Latin horizon, which derives from the Greek ὁρῐ́ζων, meaning 'separating' or 'marking a boundary'. The word vertical is derived from the late Latin verticalis, which is from the same root as vertex, meaning 'highest point' or more literally the 'turning point' such as in a whirlpool.
Girard Desargues defined the vertical to be perpendicular to the horizonin his 1636 book Perspec…
Geophysical definition
In physics, engineering and construction, the direction designated as vertical is usually that along which a plumb-bob hangs. Alternatively, a spirit level that exploits the buoyancy of an air bubble and its tendency to go vertically upwards may be used to test for horizontality. A water level device may also be used to establish horizontality.
Mathematical definition
In the context of a 1-dimensional orthogonal Cartesian coordinate systemon a Euclidean plane, to say that a line is horizontal or vertical, an initial designation has to be made. One can start off by designating the vertical direction, usually labelled the Y direction. The horizontal direction, usually labelled the X direction, is then automatically determined. Or, one can do it the other way around, i.e., n…
Discussion
Although the word horizontal is commonly used in daily life and language (see below), it is subject to many misconceptions.
• The concept of horizontality only makes sense in the context of a clearly measurable gravity field, i.e., in the 'neighborhood' of a planet, star, etc. When the gravity field becomes very weak (the masses are too small or too distant from …
See also
• Cartesian coordinate system
• Coordinate system
• Horizon
• Horizontal angle
• Horizontal coordinate system
Further reading
• Brennan, David A.; Esplen, Matthew F.; Gray, Jeremy J. (1998), Geometry, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-59787-0
• Murray R Spiegel, (1987), Theory and Problems of Theoretical Mechanics, Singapore, Mcgraw Hill's: Schaum's, ISBN 0-07-084357-0
External links
• Video explanations of the terms