Is glomerular filtration an ATP-driven process?
True/False: Glomerular filtration is an ATP-driven process. True/False: The proximal convoluted tubule is the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct. What hormone promotes active tubular secretion of potassium ions into, along with sodium reabsorption from, filtrate in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and collecting ducts?
What is glomerular filtration?
Glomerular filtration is the first step in making urine. It is the process that your kidneys use to filter excess fluid and waste products out of the blood into the urine collecting tubules of the kidney, so they may be eliminated from your body.
How does the afferent arteriole affect the glomerular filtration?
True/False: A relatively large afferent arteriole on one side of the glomerulus compared to a relatively smaller efferent arteriole creates an increase in hydrostatic pressure that drives glomerular filtration.
How do the two arterioles in the glomerulus change in size?
The two arterioles change in size to increase or decrease blood pressure in the glomerulus. In addition, efferent arterioles are smaller in diameter than afferent arterioles. As a result, pressurized blood enters the glomerulus through a relatively wide tube, but is forced to exit through a narrower tube.
Is glomerular filtration an active or passive process?
Filtrate is produced by the glomerulus when the hydrostatic pressure produced by the heart pushes water and solutes through the filtration membrane. Glomerular filtration is a passive process as cellular energy is not used at the filtration membrane to produce filtrate.
What type of process is glomerular filtration?
Glomerular filtration is the first step in urine formation and constitutes the basic physiologic function of the kidneys. It describes the process of blood filtration in the kidney, in which fluid, ions, glucose, and waste products are removed from the glomerular capillaries.Aug 13, 2020
Does glomerular filtration require energy?
Glomerular filtration results in production of about 180 L of glomerular fluid each day. Filtration does not require the expenditure of metabolic energy; rather it is caused by a balance of hydrostatic and oncotic forces. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the most important index of intrinsic renal function.
What is glomerular filtration rate driven by?
It is determined by the balance of hydrostatic and colloid osmotic forces across the glomerular membrane in addition to the permeability and surface area of this membrane. Between mean arterial blood pressures of 80 and 180 mm Hg, autoregulation maintains renal blood flow, and therefore GFR, constant.
What forces filtration at the glomerular capsule?
hydrostatic pressurehydrostatic pressure: The pushing force exerted by the pressure in a blood vessel. It is the primary force that drives glomerular filtration.
Which of the following forces drives filtration?
Which of the following forces drives filtration? *Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP) is the force with which blood pushes on the walls of glomerular capillaries and it drives filtration.
Is glomerular filtration passive diffusion?
All solutes in the glomerular capillaries, including sodium ions and negatively and positively charged ions, pass through by passive diffusion; the only exception is macromolecules such as proteins. There is no energy requirement at this stage of the filtration process.Aug 14, 2020
What is the glomerular filtration barrier?
Abstract. The glomerular filtration barrier is a highly specialized blood filtration interface that displays a high conductance to small and midsized solutes in plasma but retains relative impermeability to macromolecules.
What happens during glomerular filtration?
The glomerulus filters water and small solutes out of the bloodstream. The resulting filtrate contains waste, but also other substances the body needs: essential ions, glucose, amino acids, and smaller proteins. When the filtrate exits the glomerulus, it flows into a duct in the nephron called the renal tubule.
What forces filtration at the glomerular capsule quizlet?
The glomerular hydrostatic pressure (HPg) is responsible for forcing materials through the filtration membrane from the blood into the capsular space.
What is the process of glomerular filtration quizlet?
1. Glomerular filtration: urine production, water and most solutes in blood plasma move across the wall of glomerular capillaries, where they are filtered and move into the glomerular capsule and then into the renal tubule.
How Bowman's capsule and glomerulus are adapted for the process of filtration?
Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerular capillary loops and participates in the filtration of blood from the glomerular capillaries. Bowman's capsule also has a structural function and creates a urinary space through which filtrate can enter the nephron and pass to the proximal convoluted tubule.Aug 11, 2021
What is a T or F globular filtration?
T or F- Glomerular filtration is an ATP‐driven process.
Why is the blood pressure in the renal glomerulus lower than in most parts of the body?
T or F- Blood pressure in the renal glomerulus is lower than in most parts of the body in order to conserve body water.
What is the process of arteries and arterioles reacting to an increase or decrease in blood pressure?
the myogenic mechanisim is how arteries and arterioles react to an increase or decrease of blood pressure to keep the blood flow inside the vessel.
Where is T or F urea reabsorbed?
T or F- Urea is reabsorbed in the loop of Henle.
Which organs are stimulated to produce renin?
The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin
Which duct is impermeable to water in the presence of ADH?
T or F- The collecting duct is impermeable to water in the presence of ADH.
Which part of the urinary system transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?
T or F-The ureter transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
What is the glomerulus and glomerular capsule filtering unit?
Together the glomerulus and glomerular capsule filtering unit are known as a renal corpuscle.
Where is the glomerulus located?
The glomerulus is nestled inside a cup-like sac located at the end of each nephron, called a glomerular capsule. Glomerular capillaries have small pores in their walls, just like a very fine mesh sieve.
What is the first step in making urine?
Glomerular filtration is the first step in making urine. It is the process that your kidneys use to filter excess fluid and waste products out of the blood into the urine collecting tubules of the kidney, so they may be eliminated from your body.
Why do the two arterioles change size?
The two arterioles change in size to increase or decrease blood pressure in the glomerulus. In addition, efferent arterioles are smaller in diameter than afferent arterioles. As a result, pressurized blood enters the glomerulus through a relatively wide tube, but is forced to exit through a narrower tube.
What is the effect of constricting the efferent arterioles?
Constriction of efferent arterioles as blood exits the glomerulus provides resistance to blood flow, preventing a pressure drop, which could not be achieved if blood were to flow into venules, which do not really constrict. The two arterioles change in size to increase or decrease blood pressure in the glomerulus.
How do kidneys work?
You can think of your kidneys as being your body’s natural blood filter. They are able to control the amount of water and substances dissolved in your body fluids (solutes) by reabsorbing what you need and producing urine to get rid of the rest. The production of urine is obligatory, meaning that it is made regardless of what is going on with your body; for example, you still make urine even when you are severely dehydrated. This occurs because of the need to remove various solutes from the body in order to keep internal conditions stable and relatively constant (homeostasis), so that your all of your body’s physiological processes continue operating effectively. Making urine is a complicated process, and to do it, each of your kidneys contain around a million specialized structures, called nephrons.
How much urine does the kidneys produce?
Together they receive over a liter of blood each minute, and eliminate around 1.5 litres of urine per day, efficiently getting rid of excess water and waste products that would otherwise cause you some serious problems.
What hormone is responsible for reclaiming sodium ions from the filtrate?
Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the renal tubules to reclaim sodium ions from the filtrate.
How do blood borne solutes enter the urine?
Blood-borne solutes can become incorporated into the urine by either glomerular filtration or tubular secretion.
Which organ has more distal convoluted tubules than collecting ducts?
The kidney has more distal convoluted tubules than collecting ducts.
What is the position of the kidneys behind the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity?
The position of the kidneys behind the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity is described by the term retroperitoneal.
