Receiving Helpdesk

importance of ramachandran plot

by Kaylah Rogahn Published 3 years ago Updated 3 years ago

The angles from a Ramachandran plot are useful not only for determining a amino acids' role in secondary structure but can also be used to verify the solution to a crystal structure. Furthermore, it assists with constraining structure prediction simulations and helps with defining energy functions.

The Ramachandran plot provides a way to view the distribution of torsion angles in a protein structure and shows that the torsion angles corresponding to the two major secondary structure elements (α-helices and β-sheets) are clearly clustered within separate regions.The Ramachandran plot provides a way to view the distribution of torsion angles
torsion angles
Dihedral angles are used to specify the molecular conformation. Stereochemical arrangements corresponding to angles between 0° and ±90° are called syn (s), those corresponding to angles between ±90° and 180° anti (a).
https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Dihedral_angle
in a protein structure
and shows that the torsion angles corresponding to the two major secondary structure elements (α-helices and β-sheets) are clearly clustered within separate regions.

Full Answer

What is Ramachandran plot in biochemistry?

The angles from a Ramachandran plot are useful not only for determining a amino acids' role in secondary structure but can also be used to verify the solution to a crystal structure. Furthermore, it assists with constraining structure prediction simulations and helps with defining energy functions.

What do the dots in the Ramachandran plot represent?

Ramachandran Plot. Ramachandran plots serve as indirect verification tool of the stereochemistry and geometry of the complex by establishing that none of the geometries are in the forbidden electrostatically unfavored regions of the plot. From: Viral Polymerases, 2019. Related terms: Alpha Helix; Peptide; Protein Secondary Structure; Proline; Dihedral Angle

What do the allowed regions of the Ramachandran plot show?

Ramachandran Plots are an important tool for researchers in bio-chemistry to examine the stability of a molecule.

What is the Ramachandran plot of protein torsion?

A special way for plotting protein torsion angles was introduced by Ramachandran and co-authors and since then is called the Ramachandran plot. The Ramachandran plot provides a way to view the distribution of torsion angles in a protein structure and shows that the torsion angles corresponding to the two major secondary structure elements (α-helices and β-sheets) are …

For what purpose Ramachandran diagram is used?

Ramachandran is used for the measurement of angles in amino acids (proteins), however, the principle can be adapted to measure angles in other types of molecules.

Why do we study of Ramachandran plot?

The Ramachandran plot is a plot of the torsional angles - phi (φ)and psi (ψ) - of the residues (amino acids) contained in a peptide. ... By making a Ramachandran plot, protein structural scientists can determine which torsional angles are permitted and can obtain insight into the structure of peptides.

What are the principles of Ramachandran plot?

The Ramachandran Principle says that alpha helices, beta strands, and turns are the most likely conformations for a polypeptide chain to adopt, because most other conformations are impossible due to steric collisions between atoms.

What is the role of dihedral angle in proteins?

Dihedral angles are of considerable importance in protein structure prediction as they define the backbone of a protein, which together with side chains define the entire protein conformation.

What important function do molecular chaperones perform?

Chaperones play a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by assisting other substrate proteins, also known as clients, to fold properly, by stabilizing the intermediates of its clients during folding or intercellular transportation, and by aiding in protein degradation.

Why are some regions disallowed in the Ramachandran plot?

Disallowed regions generally involve steric hindrance between the side chain C-beta methylene group and main chain atoms. Glycine has no side chain and therefore can adopt phi and psi angles in all four quadrants of the Ramachandran plot.

Which is the first quadrant in Ramachandran plot?

Regions in Ramachandran Plot The Ramachandran Plot helps with determination of secondary structures of proteins. Quadrant I shows a region where some conformations are allowed. This is where rare left-handed alpha helices lie. Quadrant II shows the biggest region in the graph.

What is Ramachandran plot Wikipedia?

In biochemistry, a Ramachandran plot (also known as a Rama plot, a Ramachandran diagram or a [φ,ψ] plot), originally developed in 1963 by G. N. ... For instance, the small strip of allowed values along the lower-left edge of the plot are a continuation of the large, extended-chain region at upper left.

What is Ramachandran plot Slideshare?

The Ramachandran Plot • The two torsion angles of the polypeptide chain, describe the rotations of the polypeptide backbone around the bonds between N-Cα (called Phi, φ) and Cα-C (called Psi, ψ) • It provides an easy way to view the distribution of torsion angles of a protein structure.

How does a dihedral angle create a better flying paper airplane?

0:181:17DIHEDRAL ANGLE - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipOne thing it commonly happens to an aircraft is it gets rocked to one side. You can actually addMoreOne thing it commonly happens to an aircraft is it gets rocked to one side. You can actually add positive dihedral angle that has slope the wings upward a little bit to help the plane self.

Why are dihedral angles different for different amino acids?

The dihedral angles of amino acid residues have restricted values due to steric hindrance between the carbonyl oxygen, the hydrogen of the NH group, the hydrogen on the Cα carbon and the side chain atoms. A Ramachandran plot is a way to visualize dihedral angles φ against ψ of amino acid residues in protein structure.

What is Ramachandran plot PDF?

Sasisekharan. Ramachandran plot provides a simple two-dimensional graphic. representation of all possible protein structures in terms of torsion angles. Although the plot was developed using theoretical. methods, mathematical calculations and models building, once the protein structure began to discover, the importance.31-Dec-2018

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
8.3.21PHP Version4.76sRequest Duration2MBMemory UsageGET {post}Route
  • warninglog[01:18:02] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[01:18:02] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[01:18:02] LOG.warning: Callables of the form ["Swift_SmtpTransport", "Swift_Transport_EsmtpTranspor...
  • warninglog[01:18:02] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[01:18:02] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[01:18:02] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[01:18:02] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[01:18:02] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[01:18:02] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[01:18:02] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[01:18:02] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[01:18:02] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[01:18:02] LOG.warning: mt_rand(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($max) of type int is deprecated in ...
  • Booting (16.61ms)
  • Application (4.75s)
  • 1 x Application (99.64%)
    4.75s
    1 x Booting (0.35%)
    16.61ms
    7 templates were rendered
    • themes.DevBlog.content.post (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/content/post.blade.php)34blade
      Params
      0
      post
      1
      postContent
      2
      author
      3
      updated_at
      4
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      5
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      6
      bing_related_keywords
      7
      google_related_keywords
      8
      bing_news_title
      9
      bing_news_description
      10
      bing_videos
      11
      bing_images
      12
      bing_search_result_title
      13
      bing_search_result_description
      14
      bing_search_result_url
      15
      bing_paa_questions
      16
      bing_paa_answers
      17
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      18
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      19
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      20
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      21
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      22
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      23
      google_faq_questions
      24
      google_faq_answers
      25
      google_rich_snippet
      26
      google_search_result
      27
      indexedArray
      28
      total_images
      29
      total_videos
      30
      settings
      31
      url_current
      32
      menus
      33
      sidebar
    • themes.DevBlog.layouts.master (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/layouts/master.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.head (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/head.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.header (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/header.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.navbar (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/navbar.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.footer (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/footer.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.scripts (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/scripts.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    uri
    GET {post}
    middleware
    web, checkdate
    as
    post.show
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\Frontend\json_data\PostController@show
    namespace
    where
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/json_data/PostController.php:18-166
    7 statements were executed4.73s
    • select * from `posts` where `published_at` <= '2025-06-22 01:18:02' and `slug` = 'importance-of-ramachandran-plot' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      3.61ms/app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 2025-06-22 01:18:02
      • 1. importance-of-ramachandran-plot
      Backtrace
      • 15. /app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:842
      • 19. Route binding:39
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:78
    • select * from `json_post_contents` where `json_post_contents`.`post_id` = 44627 and `json_post_contents`.`post_id` is not null and `rewrite_id` = 0
      4.36msmiddleware::checkdate:30receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 44627
      • 1. 0
      Backtrace
      • 19. middleware::checkdate:30
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/jetstream/src/Http/Middleware/ShareInertiaData.php:61
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
    • select * from `nova_menu_menus` where `slug` = 'header' limit 1
      350μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. header
      Backtrace
      • 15. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` = 1 and `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` is not null and `parent_id` is null order by `parent_id` asc, `order` asc, `name` asc
      460μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 1
      Backtrace
      • 19. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 20. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`parent_id` in (1) order by `order` asc
      290μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Backtrace
      • 24. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 25. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select `id`, `post_title`, `slug` from `posts` where `status` = 'publish' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 10
      4.72s/app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. publish
      Backtrace
      • 14. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22
      • 15. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:12
      • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177
    • select * from `fake_users` where `fake_users`.`id` = 24957 limit 1
      610μsview::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 24957
      Backtrace
      • 21. view::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:108
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 25. /vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
      • 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:61
    App\Models\FakeUser
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\MenuItem
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\Menu
    1
    App\Models\JsonPostContent
    1
    App\Models\Post
    11
        _token
        7kACeU2prIkLEMcfGCvlGMEaoeVvS1FubfOvVG72
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/importance-of-ramachandran-plot" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /importance-of-ramachandran-plot
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:24 [ "cf-ipcountry" => array:1 [ 0 => "US" ] "cf-connecting-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.247" ] "cdn-loop" => array:1 [ 0 => "cloudflare; loops=1" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "cf-ray" => array:1 [ 0 => "953605697f6eb78e-ORD" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, br" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "cf-visitor" => array:1 [ 0 => "{"scheme":"https"}" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "close" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.247, 172.69.59.238" ] "x-server-addr" => array:1 [ 0 => "154.12.239.204" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "receivinghelpdesk.com" ] ]
        request_server
        0 of 0
        array:55 [ "USER" => "runcloud" "HOME" => "/home/runcloud" "SCRIPT_NAME" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_URI" => "/ask/importance-of-ramachandran-plot" "QUERY_STRING" => "" "REQUEST_METHOD" => "GET" "SERVER_PROTOCOL" => "HTTP/1.0" "GATEWAY_INTERFACE" => "CGI/1.1" "REDIRECT_URL" => "/ask/importance-of-ramachandran-plot" "REMOTE_PORT" => "37142" "SCRIPT_FILENAME" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/ask/index.php" "SERVER_ADMIN" => "you@example.com" "CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "CONTEXT_PREFIX" => "" "REQUEST_SCHEME" => "http" "DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "REMOTE_ADDR" => "172.69.59.238" "SERVER_PORT" => "80" "SERVER_ADDR" => "127.0.0.1" "SERVER_NAME" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "SERVER_SOFTWARE" => "Apache/2.4.63 (Unix) OpenSSL/1.1.1f" "SERVER_SIGNATURE" => "" "LD_LIBRARY_PATH" => "/RunCloud/Packages/apache2-rc/lib" "PATH" => "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" "HTTP_CF_IPCOUNTRY" => "US" "HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP" => "216.73.216.247" "HTTP_CDN_LOOP" => "cloudflare; loops=1" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_SITE" => "none" "HTTP_ACCEPT" => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" "HTTP_USER_AGENT" => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" "HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS" => "1" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_PLATFORM" => ""Windows"" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_MOBILE" => "?0" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA" => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" "HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL" => "no-cache" "HTTP_PRAGMA" => "no-cache" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_DEST" => "document" "HTTP_CF_RAY" => "953605697f6eb78e-ORD" "HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING" => "gzip, br" "HTTP_PRIORITY" => "u=0, i" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_USER" => "?1" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_MODE" => "navigate" "HTTP_CF_VISITOR" => "{"scheme":"https"}" "HTTP_CONNECTION" => "close" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO" => "https" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR" => "216.73.216.247, 172.69.59.238" "HTTP_X_SERVER_ADDR" => "154.12.239.204" "HTTP_HOST" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "HTTPS" => "on" "REDIRECT_STATUS" => "200" "REDIRECT_HTTPS" => "on" "FCGI_ROLE" => "RESPONDER" "PHP_SELF" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT" => 1750535282.2618 "REQUEST_TIME" => 1750535282 ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:7 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "private, must-revalidate" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Sat, 21 Jun 2025 19:48:02 GMT" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "expires" => array:1 [ 0 => -1 ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImtZaFhqa3VRMkhsSUxUY3NJSUpkSFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYnorNjdVYXB4N21naFZxZVlVdUZPbnhxTlpTS0t5ZzlnQWZPeUZpUSswM0svT01hSUxGYkJlSStxald6NlduUjRlRnRkZXJQMUZVOVJZQVVSYlliZUx1OE5ranZWRG1OcjM4b3FzRGI0T0xVS2szMTN0SnB5QlZkTmh3RnVpRlYiLCJtYWMiOiJmOTkyM2MwMGIwMzRiMjk1NWE0NmExYTBhZDU5OWMyN2JkMTE5MGE0NGZjM2Y5YjliNGQ0YjUwODAyYTcxNzAxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 21-Jun-2025 21:48:07 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImtZaFhqa3VRMkhsSUxUY3NJSUpkSFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYnorNjdVYXB4N21naFZxZVlVdUZPbnhxTlpTS0t5ZzlnQWZPeUZpUSswM0svT01hSUxGYkJlSStxald6NlduUjRlRnRkZ" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6ImtOWUQ0RUphT3pzU24yLzV1aGxxUGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiR0JSZHl5Z3h4VmJLZTErUWNnaWJHTXNncmZHcVJNM3RCL2RscDN5K0E2WVhXcytXOTJlK1paNFZoTEJheWJtemVzMnpxQXVhWThoOTc2UzNLU0hRZzNUZlVuL251UFFvdDU4SldZVFB3WlhkTHJnV0sySTFWNnpIT3ZtRzRlZ2IiLCJtYWMiOiIxZjEwYjU4MWIyYWRlOTk0YWJmMGI2NTczYmFmMWIxNDgwMmRhZGMyOGNjNGI5OTliN2U0NDJiNDQ4ZWI0MzdmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 21-Jun-2025 21:48:07 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; httponly; samesite=laxaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6ImtOWUQ0RUphT3pzU24yLzV1aGxxUGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiR0JSZHl5Z3h4VmJLZTErUWNnaWJHTXNncmZHcVJNM3RCL2RscDN5K0E2WVhXcytXOTJlK1paNFZoTEJheWJt" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImtZaFhqa3VRMkhsSUxUY3NJSUpkSFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYnorNjdVYXB4N21naFZxZVlVdUZPbnhxTlpTS0t5ZzlnQWZPeUZpUSswM0svT01hSUxGYkJlSStxald6NlduUjRlRnRkZXJQMUZVOVJZQVVSYlliZUx1OE5ranZWRG1OcjM4b3FzRGI0T0xVS2szMTN0SnB5QlZkTmh3RnVpRlYiLCJtYWMiOiJmOTkyM2MwMGIwMzRiMjk1NWE0NmExYTBhZDU5OWMyN2JkMTE5MGE0NGZjM2Y5YjliNGQ0YjUwODAyYTcxNzAxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 21-Jun-2025 21:48:07 GMT; path=/XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImtZaFhqa3VRMkhsSUxUY3NJSUpkSFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYnorNjdVYXB4N21naFZxZVlVdUZPbnhxTlpTS0t5ZzlnQWZPeUZpUSswM0svT01hSUxGYkJlSStxald6NlduUjRlRnRkZ" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6ImtOWUQ0RUphT3pzU24yLzV1aGxxUGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiR0JSZHl5Z3h4VmJLZTErUWNnaWJHTXNncmZHcVJNM3RCL2RscDN5K0E2WVhXcytXOTJlK1paNFZoTEJheWJtemVzMnpxQXVhWThoOTc2UzNLU0hRZzNUZlVuL251UFFvdDU4SldZVFB3WlhkTHJnV0sySTFWNnpIT3ZtRzRlZ2IiLCJtYWMiOiIxZjEwYjU4MWIyYWRlOTk0YWJmMGI2NTczYmFmMWIxNDgwMmRhZGMyOGNjNGI5OTliN2U0NDJiNDQ4ZWI0MzdmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 21-Jun-2025 21:48:07 GMT; path=/; httponlyaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6ImtOWUQ0RUphT3pzU24yLzV1aGxxUGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiR0JSZHl5Z3h4VmJLZTErUWNnaWJHTXNncmZHcVJNM3RCL2RscDN5K0E2WVhXcytXOTJlK1paNFZoTEJheWJt" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "_token" => "7kACeU2prIkLEMcfGCvlGMEaoeVvS1FubfOvVG72" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/importance-of-ramachandran-plot" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]