how was patroclus killed

Full Answer

What happened to Patroclus after he died?

Patroclus would be cremated, and Achilles arranged for funeral games to be held in his honour, where Diomedes was victorious against the likes of Meriones and Antilochus in the chariot racing, and Teucer was victorious in the archery contest.

How did Patroclus kill Sarpedon?

Two other horses of the chariot go wild until they are entangled in the reins, so Automedon cuts the dead horse away, so the chariot is once again fit for battle. Sarpedon throws another spear that misses Patroclus and Patroclus throws a return missile which kills Sarpedon.

How many men did Patroclus kill in his battle with Apollo?

Patroclus kills 27 men, and then Apollo strikes him so that he grows dizzy, knocks the helmet from his head, breaks his spear, and makes his shield fall off. Euphorbus, son of Panthous, strikes Patroclus with a spear but does not kill him. Patroclus draws back within his men.

How does Patroclus defeat the Trojans in the Battle of Thera?

Patroclus kills the leader of the Paeonian (Trojan ally) horsemen, Pyraechmes, causing his followers to panic. He drives them from the ship and puts out the fire. While the Trojans fall back, the Greeks pour out of the ships in pursuit. It is not a rout since the Trojans continue to fight.

Who kills Patroclus in the fight How?

Zeus would not allow a crime against one of his own to stand, and Patroclus had signed his own death warrant. The god Apollo intervened, removing Patroclus' wits. The Trojan Euphorbos was able to strike a blow against the warrior, and Hector finished the job with his spear.

How does Achilles take Patroclus death?

Patroclus succeeds in beating back the Trojan forces, but is killed in battle by Hector. News of Patroclus' death reaches Achilles through Antilochus, which throws him into deep grief. The earlier steadfast and unbreakable Achilles agonizes, touching Patroclus' dead body, smearing himself with ash and fasting.

What are Patroclus dying words?

Patroclus's Last Words ''...had twenty such men as you attacked me, all of them would have fallen before my spear. Fate and the son of Leto have overpowered me, and among mortal men Euphorbus; you are yourself third only in the killing of me.

Who stabbed Patroclus first?

Patroclus' Early days When he was young, Patroclus had an argument with one of his friends, Clysonymus, while playing dice; in the heated argument that followed, Patroclus accidentally killed him. To evade the wrath of Clysonymus' family, Menoetius took Patroclus and they both fled to Phthia, where King Peleus reigned.

Did Achilles sleep with Patroclus corpse?

In the end, Achilles will be cleansed of the blood that covers him only after he lays Patroclus on the pyre and cuts his own hair (Iliad 23.44–46).

What happens to Patroclus body?

Achilles did not allow the burial of Patroclus' body until the ghost of Patroclus appeared and demanded his burial in order to pass into Hades. Patroclus was then cremated on a funeral pyre, which was covered in the hair of his sorrowful companions.

What did Achilles do after Patroclus died?

Why does Achilles return the body of Hector? Following the funeral of Patroclus, Achilles' grief makes him restless. He ties Hector's body to his chariot and repeatedly drags it around the tomb of Patroclus, in his furious need for retribution.

How old was Patroclus when he was exiled?

As a young boy, to his father's disappointment, he shows neither athletic skill nor the promise of a future warrior. At age ten, Patroclus is exiled after accidentally killing a nobleman's son. Alone, no longer bearing the title of prince, he arrives at the palace of Peleus, Achilles' father, to be raised as a ward.

Was Patroclus an Achilles lover?

Many Greco-Roman authors read their relationship as a romantic one—it was a common and accepted interpretation in the ancient world. We even have a fragment from a lost tragedy of Aeschylus, where Achilles speaks of his and Patroclus' “frequent kisses.”

Does Patroclus have a wife?

Patroclus and Thetis' Son Once Thetis gave into marrying Patroclus, she became determined to have a child with him. But first, she had to make sure her son Achilles was safe.

Is the Song of Achilles LGBT?

It serves as a great example of LGBTQ+ representation in that it approaches and treats gay romance the same way straight romance would be written about. There is so much more besides their sexuality that makes this book great.

Was Patroclus a real person?

Were Achilles and Patroclus lovers? Before answering, it's important to state that Achilles and Patroclus are mythological figures. Even if the myths are somehow loosely based on real individuals, the Achilles and Patrocus we know are fictional, not historical.

What is the death of Patroclus?

The death of Patroclus is one of the most powerful scenes in Homer's 'Iliad.' This lesson will summarize the events surrounding the hero's end, and explain its significance for the epic as a whole.

What happened in the Iliad?

In The Iliad, for ten long years, the Greek forces lay siege to the city of Troy, without conquering it. By Book 15, Trojan forces have counterattacked the Greeks, breaking through a wall that protected their ships anchored on the shore outside of Troy. Patroclus can't stand it, and is determined to vanquish the Trojans. He begs his dear friend, the great warrior Achilles, to lend him his armor so he can battle the Trojans. This isn't just any armor: Achilles is a demigod, or half-man, half-deity, and considered fierce and essentially invincible in battle.

How did Hector kill Patroclus?

Hector then killed Patroclus by stabbing him in the stomach with a spear. Achilles retrieved his body, which had been stripped of armor by Hector and protected on the battlefield by Menelaus and Ajax.

Who was Patroclus in Greek mythology?

In Greek mythology, as recorded in Homer 's Iliad, Patroclus (pronunciation variable but generally / pəˈtroʊkləs /; Ancient Greek: Πάτροκλος Pátroklos "glory of the father") was a childhood friend, close wartime companion, and perhaps lover of Achilles .

What is the relationship between Achilles and Patroclus?

Later Greek writings such as Plato 's Symposium, the relationship between Patroclus and Achilles is discussed as a model of romantic love. However, Xenophon, in his Symposium, had Socrates argue that it was inaccurate to label their relationship as romantic.

What did Hooker say about Achilles?

Hooker claims that without the death of Patroclus, an event that weighed heavily upon him, Achilles' following act of compliance to fight would have disrupted the balance of the Iliad. Hooker describes the necessity of Patroclus sharing a deep affection with Achilles within the Iliad.

Why was Patroclus' hair cut?

As the cutting of hair was a sign of grief while also acting as a sign of the separation of the living and the dead , this points to how well-liked Patroclus had been.

How many pronunciations of the name Patroclus?

There are at least three pronunciations of the name 'Patroclus' in English. Because the penultimate syllable is light in Latin prose ( pă′.trŏ.clŭs ), the antepenult was stressed in Latin and would normally be stressed in English as well, for / ˈpæ.trə.kləs / (analogous to 'Sophocles'). However, this pronunciation is seldom encountered: for metrical convenience, Alexander Pope had made the 'o' long, and thus stressed, in his translation of Homer, following a convention of Greek and Latin verse, and that pronunciation – of Latin pa.trō′.clus – has stuck, for English / pəˈtroʊ.kləs /. Moreover, because in prose a penultimate Greco-Latin short o (omicron) would only be stressed in a closed syllable, the penult has sometimes been misanalysed as being closed (*pă.trŏc′.lŭs), which would change the English o to a short vowel: / pəˈtrɒk.ləs /.

Who gave Patroclus to Peleus?

Menoetius gave Patroclus to Peleus, Achilles ' father, who named Patroclus Achilles' "squire" as Patroclus and Achilles grew up together, and became close friends. Patroclus acted as a male role model for Achilles, as he was both older than Achilles and wise regarding counsel.

Who killed Patroclus?

Patroclus' Death. At that point, though, the god Apollo stunned Patroclus and was eventually killed by Hector, son of the Trojan king, Priam, and brother of Paris. Once Patroclus ' body had been retrieved by the Greeks, Achilles attacked the Trojans in fury and managed to kill Hector.

What did Patroclus do during the Trojan War?

So, Patroclus wore Achilles ' army and led the soldiers to battle successfully. However, he did not listen to Achilles ' advice to fall back once the Trojan army had been repelled; instead, he pursued them, killing many heroes that fought on the side of Troy.

Who killed Clysonymus?

To evade the wrath of Clysonymus' family, Menoetius took Patroclus and they both fled to Phthia, where King Peleus reigned. There, Patroclus met Achilles with whom they formed a deep friendship, and Peleus sent both of them to be tutored by the Centaur Chiron.

Who were the suitors of Helen when she got married?

When Helen eloped with Paris, prince of Troy, Menelaus, who had married Helen, invoked the Oath of Tyndareus, thus getting the support of all previous suitors, including Patroclus and Achilles. This was the start of the Trojan War.

Who is Patroclus' mother?

Patroclus was the son of Menoetius in Greek mythology, and best friend of the hero Achilles. His father was one of the Argonauts, while many different women have been mentioned as Patroclus ' mother; Polymele, Sthenele, and Periopis.

Who was the prince of Troy when Helen eloped?

When Helen eloped with Paris, prince of Troy, Menelaus, who had married Helen, invoked the Oath of Tyndareus, thus getting the support of all previous suitors, including Patroclus and Achilles. This was the start of the Trojan War.

Did Patroclus follow Achilles' advice?

So, Patroclus wore Achilles ' army and led the soldiers to battle successfully. However, he did not listen to Achilles ' advice to fall back once the Trojan army had been repelled; instead, he pursued them, killing many heroes that fought on the side of Troy.

Where did Patroclus go to fight?

Patroclus was sent to Achilles’s kingdom, where he and Achilles first fell in love. He and Achilles train for war together on Mount Pelion, and Patroclus eventually follows Achilles to fight in Troy. Patroclus dislikes bloodshed. His goal in Troy is not to fight nor to bring peace, but to prevent Achilles’s fated death.

Why did Patroclus want to save the Greeks?

This is because Patroclus wants to save the Greeks, but it’s mainly because he wants Achilles to be remembered kindly. Achilles’s death has been prophesied, but—without Achilles or Patroclus knowing—Patroclus’s death is also foretold. The gods say that the “best of the Myrmidons” (Achilles’s kinsmen) will die soon, ...

What is the purpose of Achilles and Patroclus?

In this, Patroclus and Achilles have opposing purposes: Achilles is destined to end lives, while Patroclus wants to save them, eventually working as a medic in the army hospital and encouraging Achilles to “claim” Trojan women as war spoils in order to free them.

Why does Patroclus want to protect Achilles?

But even in his betrayal, Patroclus is trying to protect Achilles from committing a dishonorable act. Similarly, after Achilles refuses to fight for the Greek army, Patroclus dons Achilles’s armor and enters battle. This is because Patroclus wants to save the Greeks, but it’s mainly because he wants Achilles to be remembered kindly.

What is Patroclus' tolerance of Achilles's warrior mentality?

Patroclus’s tolerance of Achilles’s warrior mentality does have limits: when Achilles attempts to allow Agamemnon to assault Patroclus’s closest friend, Briseis, Patroclus betrays Achilles in order to stop it. But even in his betrayal, Patroclus is trying to protect Achilles from committing a dishonorable act.

What did Patroclus' father believe about his mother?

Patroclus’s mother was intellectually disabled, and his father believes that both Patroclus and his mother were weak. As a child, Patroclus accidentally killed a young boy whose father demanded that Patroclus be exiled. Patroclus was sent to Achilles’s kingdom, where he and Achilles first fell in love.

What did Agamemnon say about Menelaus' palace?

“She must have been willing, though. Menelaus' palace is like a fortress. If she had struggled or cried out, someone would have heard. She knew he must come after her, for his honor if nothing else. And that Agamemnon would seize this opportunity and invoke the oath.”

Why did the ghost of Patroclus come to Achilles?

Eventually the ghost of Patroclus came to Achilles, to ask for proper funeral rites so that he might continue his journey in the Underworld. The pyre constructed for Patrolcus was 100 feet by 100 feet, but it refused to light until Boreas and Zephyrus were called upon to aid the lighting.

Where did Patroclus grow up?

Patroclus in Exile. Patroclus was said to have grown up in Opus, the city of his grandfather, but Menoetius and Patroclus would be forced to flee from their home, when Patroclus killed a child named Clysonymus during a game of dice.

Why did Achilles and Patroclus have a blood tie?

Patroclus and Achilles are famed for being friends, but there was also a blood tie between them because they shared a great grandmother in the form of Aegina . Aegina would give birth to Aeacus by Zeus, who was father to Peleus and Telamon, and thus Aegina was great-grandmother to Achilles, as well as Ajax the Great and Teucer . ...

What was the effect of Achilles' absence on the Trojans?

​The absence of Achilles and his men gave the Trojans great heart, and also a great advantage on the battlefield, so much so, that the beached Achaean ships were threatened. The respected Nestor came to Patroclus to plead for help; Patroclus listened to the words of Nestor, and relayed the news of the war to Achilles. Patrolcus also saw with his own eyes the damage that was being inflicted, for Patroclus would care for the wound of Eurypylus, inflicted in recent fighting.#N#Still Achilles refused to fight, but Patroclus convinced his friend to allow him to wear Achilles’ armour, and to lead the Myrmidons in the defence of the ships. Achilles recognised that the destruction of the fleet would be disastrous, and so Achilles agreed that Patroclus could defend the ships, but when the defence was successful he must return to his tent.#N#The Myrmidons thus entered the fight once again, with Patroclus, clad in Achilles’ armour riding a chariot, driven by Automedon, at the fore.

What is the name of the mother of Patroclus?

The mother of Patroclus also potentially gave birth to a daughter, a sister of Patroclus, called Myrto. Patroclus and Achilles are famed for being friends, ...

Where did the Achaeans land?

Patroclus at Troy. The journey to Troy was a difficult one, and at one point the Achaeans landed in Mysia, a land ruled by Telephus, the expeditionary force of the Achaeans would have been overwhelmed by the Mysians, but for the efforts of Patroclus and Achilles, who defended their comrades in the retreat to their ships.

Did Achilles teach Patroclus?

At the same time it is said that Patroclus would learn the healing arts from Achilles, who was taught them by Chiron, although it is not clear why, if Patroclus and Achilles were trained by the centaur at the same time, Chiron did not teach Patroclus himself.

Who killed Patroclus?

Patroclus succeeds in beating back the Trojan forces, but is killed in battle by Hector . News of Patroclus’ death reaches Achilles through Antilochus, which throws him into deep grief. The earlier steadfast and unbreakable Achilles agonizes, touching Patroclus’ dead body, smearing himself with ash and fasting.

What does Achilles lament about Patroclus' death?

He laments Patroclus’ death using language very similar to that later used by Andromache of Hector. He also requests that when he dies, his ashes be mixed with Patroclus'. The rage that follows from Patroclus’ death becomes the prime motivation for Achilles to return to the battlefield.

Why did Aeschylus claim Achilles was the Erastes?

Phaedrus argues that Aeschylus erred in claiming Achilles was the erastes because Achilles was more beautiful and youthful than Patroclus (characteristics of the eromenos) as well as more noble and skilled in battle (characteristics of the erastes ).

What is the relationship between Achilles and Patroclus?

The relationship between Achilles and Patroclus is a key element of the stories associated with the Trojan War. Its exact nature has been a subject of dispute in both the Classical period and modern times. In the Iliad, Homer describes a deep and meaningful relationship between Achilles and Patroclus, where Achilles is tender toward Patroclus but callous and arrogant toward others. Homer never explicitly casts the two as lovers, but they were depicted as lovers in the archaic and classical periods of Greek literature, particularly in the works of Aeschylus, Aeschines and Plato.

Why did Achilles not participate in the Battle of Myrmidon?

Due to his anger at being dishonored by Agamemnon, Achilles chooses not to participate in the battle. As the tide of the war turns against the Achaeans, Patroclus convinces Achilles to let him lead the Myrmidon army into battle wearing Achilles’ armor. Patroclus succeeds in beating back the Trojan forces, but is killed in battle by Hector .

Who is Achilles in the play Troilus and Cressida?

William Shakespeare 's play Troilus and Cressida portrays Achilles and Patroclus as lovers in the eyes of the Greeks. Achilles' decision to spend his days in his tent with Patroclus is seen by Ulysses and many other Greeks as the chief reason for anxiety about Troy.

Who is the Christian writer who compares Achilles and Patroclus to Jonathan and David?

Medieval Christian writers deliberately suppressed the homoerotic nuances of the figure. David Halperin compares Achilles and Patroclus to the traditions of Jonathan and David, and Gilgamesh and Enkidu, which are approximately contemporary with the Iliad's composition.

Overview

Mythology

Pronunciation of name

Relationship with Achilles

Bibliography

Further reading