What is subsistence strategy?
subsistence strategy
- Definition of Subsistence Strategy
- Examples of Subsistence Strategy
- Subsistence Strategy Pronunciation. Also called subsistence pattern. Word origin of “subsistence” and “strategy” – Online Etymology Dictionary: etymonline.com
What are subsistence patterns?
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What are the 3 major types of subsistence agriculture?
What are the types of subsistence farming?
- Shifting agriculture. Main article: Shifting cultivation.
- Primitive farming.
- Nomadic herding.
- Intensive subsistence farming.
What are the basic concepts of Anthropology?
- that the polygamist shall promise not to marry again as long as any of his wives at the time of his conversion are alive;
- that the receiving of such a polygamist has the consent of the local Anglican community;
- that such a polygamist shall not be compelled to put away any of his wives on account of the social deprivation they would suffer.
What is subsistence strategy in anthropology?
In Cultural Anthropology, subsistence strategies are the ways that people obtain food from their environment. There are five basic subsistence strategies: foraging, pastoralism, horticulture, agriculture, and industrialism.
What does subsistence mean in Archaeology?
Archaeologists who study ancient subsistence are interested in how people went about acquiring food and other resources from the surrounding environment. Subsistence activities include not only food but any other materials collected for purposes of survival, such as acquiring stone to make tools, and clay to make pots.
What are the five basic subsistence strategies that anthropologists recognize?
Explain the major shifts in subsistence strategies from foraging to domestication to industrialization. Anthropologists identify five basic types of substance strategies foraging, pastoralism, horticulture, agriculture, and industrialism.
Why are subsistence patterns important in anthropology?
By studying both the subsistence system used by a society to acquire food and the foodway associated with consuming it, anthropologists gain insight into the most important daily tasks in every society. The cultural norms and attitudes surrounding food and eating.
What is found in all subsistence strategies?
A Subsistence Pattern – alternatively known as a subsistence strategy – is the means by which a society satisfies its basic needs for survival. This encompasses the attainment of nutrition, water, and shelter.
What are the major subsistence strategies and the characteristics of the societies that practice them?
These various strategies are called subsistence strategies, or the methods used to support life. They consist of foraging, pastoralism, horticulture, agriculture, and industrialism.
What are the 4 modes of subsistence?
Beyond this basic division, anthropologists recognize four general types of food system known as modes of subsistence. The four modes of subsistence are foraging, pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture.
What subsistence strategy characterized most of human history?
CardsTerm Before Europeans cam to Australia, all the aboriginal people there depended on: a. production b. selection c. collectionDefinition c. collectionTerm The subsistence strategy that characterized most of human history was: a. horticulture b. food collection c. pastoralismDefinition b. food collection58 more rows•Jun 18, 2009
What were the subsistence strategies of Harappan civilization?
What were the main subsistence method of harappan people? The Harappans ate a wide range of plant and animal products, including fish and meat, wheat, maize, millets, pulses, rice and another eatables. Cattle, sheep, goat, buffalo and pig were domesticated by the Harappans for their sustenance.
What is the best definition of subsistence patterns quizlet?
The subsistence pattern is comprised around raising livestock, these people typically live in small populations and live nomadically or they will participate in transhumance, this living pattern typically is a patriarchal society that is based upon a tribe chiefdom.
What are the two main categories of all known human subsistence strategies?
During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the educated public in Europe and North America generally divided the world's people into two categories--primitive and civilized.
What are the 5 basic types of subsistence practices and what characteristics tend to correlate with those 5 basic types?
Terms in this set (5)Foraging. Fishing, hunting, and collecting vegetable food.Pastoralism. A food getting strategy that depends on the care of domesticated herd animals.Horticulture. ... Agriculture. ... industrialism.
Foraging
Foraging involves hunting for meat, fishing for fish, and gathering wild plants. People have been foragers for most of human history, and some groups are still foragers today. Most foragers use simple tools, like digging sticks and spears. But some foragers, such as those in the Arctic, use more complex technology.
Pastoralism
Pastoralism involves taking care of domesticated herd animals, such as cattle, sheep, and goats. Here are some examples. In East Africa, pastoralists have cattle, and in North Africa they have camels. In southwestern Asia they raise sheep and goats, while in central Asia they raise yaks.
Horticulture
Horticulture involves growing plants with simple technology, such as digging sticks and hoes. Many horticulturists use a method called swidden cultivation. This is where people clear fields and then burn them. The ash from burning the fields acts as a fertilizer.
Agriculture
Agriculture involves growing plants with complex technology, such as plows and draft animals. Irrigation is used, which may involve irrigation terracing. This is a method of growing crops on the slopes of hills or mountains by creating graduated terraces.
Industrialism
Industrialism involves the production of goods and services, rather than the production of food. In the other types of subsistence strategies, most of the people spend their days producing food. But in societies with industrialism, only a small portion of the population is involved in producing food. The rest of the people tend to work for wages.
Learn More About Subsistence Strategies
What type of subsistence strategy does your culture use? Which strategy would you personally prefer to take part in? If you want to learn more about subsistence strategies, check out Palomar College’s articles at this link.
What is subsistence farming?
For example, subsistence farming literally means farming for the purpose of supporting life. We learn in school that early man lived a lifestyle of subsistence. It is easy to imagine that different geographical and cultural areas will create different strategies to support their own way of life.
What is the last form of subsistence?
Constructing more permanent living structures gives these people more advantages over extreme weather challenges. Agriculture. The last traditional form of subsistence is agriculture, the practice of producing food in large amounts by using permanent cultivation and technology to increase productivity.
What is the process of gathering food from uncultivated plants or undomesticated animals?
Foraging . Foraging is the process of gathering food from uncultivated plants or undomesticated animals. You can think of it as a ''Hunter/Gatherer'' type of lifestyle. A foraging subsistence strategy requires large amounts of edible plant growth to sustain itself and plentiful prey to hunt for meat.
What is horticulture in agriculture?
Horticulture is a subsistence strategy that intentionally cultivates plants for personal use. The distinguishing aspect of horticulture is that no extensive technology is used in the cultivation of produce. The intent is not to grow an abundance of food but to grow enough food to sustain life within the group.
Why do horticulture societies cultivate crops?
Because horticulture societies cultivate crops, they cannot live nomadic lifestyles. They can support more people than the previous strategies but cannot support large populations. In order to supplement their crops, they still need access to game animals.
What are the technological advances that are used to improve the quality of animal and plant food?
Technological advances such as irrigation, terracing, fertilization, and selective breeding are all used to optimize both plant and animal-based food sources. However, this increased productivity requires many more people to work the fields and care for the animals.
Where is pastoralism used?
This subsistence strategy is currently used in many African cultures, Norway, Sudan, and other areas of the world. Pastoralism does not depend on the ability to grow crops, and those that employ pastoralism supplement their food source with naturally-grown vegetation.
Foraging
Pastoralism
- Foraging
For roughly 90% of history, humans were foragerswho used simple technology to gather, fish, and hunt wild food resources. Today only about a quarter million people living in marginal environments, e.g., deserts, the Arctic and topical forests, forage as their primary subsistence st…
Horticulture
Agriculture
Industrialism
Learn More About Subsistence Strategies
- Pastoralism involves taking care of domesticated herd animals, such as cattle, sheep, and goats. Here are some examples. In East Africa, pastoralists have cattle, and in North Africa they have camels. In southwestern Asia they raise sheep and goats, while in central Asia they raise yaks. Also, in the subarctic, pastoralists care for caribou and reindeer. The meat and dairy products fr…