Receiving Helpdesk

how are cobblestones made

by Edmund Batz Published 3 years ago Updated 2 years ago

Cobblestones are made from highly durable stones, usually granite

Granite

Granite is a common type of felsic intrusive igneous rock that is granular and phaneritic in texture. Granites can be predominantly white, pink, or gray in color, depending on their mineralogy. The word "granite" comes from the Latin granum, a grain, in reference to the coarse-grained structur…

or basalt

Basalt

Basalt is a common extrusive igneous (volcanic) rock formed from the rapid cooling of basaltic lava exposed at or very near the surface of a planet or moon. Flood basalt describes the formation in a series of lava basalt flows.

. They were usually dug from nearby areas and then cobbled, or roughly shaped into the size needed. The cobblestones were then set in sand or mortar.

Cobblestones are made from highly durable stones, usually granite or basalt. They were usually dug from nearby areas and then cobbled, or roughly shaped into the size needed. The cobblestones were then set in sand or mortar.Jun 1, 2022

Full Answer

How to craft cobblestone?

Cobblestone is a grey rock-looking block. It is a Craftable decorative building Block to add shades of colors and shapes to Rooms and Realms. How to obtain. Cobblestone is only obtainable by Crafting and can be crafted by using Stone, Mud, Clay Lump and Sand.

What to do with cobblestone?

The seven-member Historic District Commission, whose job it is to preserve the city’s heritage by regulating construction and alteration of structures within the historic district, which includes most of downtown, is now charged with making that difficult decision.

How to make automatic Cobblestone Farm?

Step 1: The first step to making the most simple kind of automatic cobblestone generator is digging a trench in the exact style as the image below. Step 2: After doing that, players must add water to one side of the trench by using a water bucket. Note: An ice block can also be used.

How to make miniature cobblestone bases easily tutorial?

How to Make Rubble Bases

  • Add the Tile to the Base I attach a couple of pieces to the base using super glue. ...
  • Apply the Grout After the glue has dried, I fill in the gaps with some pre-mixed grout. ...
  • Painting the Base After the grout had dried, I primed this base black and painted it with a darker then lighter shade of brown. ...

More items...

How are cobble stones made?

Cobblestones are a strong, natural material, originally collected from riverbeds where the flow of the water made them round. When set in sand or bound with mortar, cobblestones once proved perfect for paving roads. With the strength of cobblestone, no ruts developed in the streets.

Is cobblestone man made?

Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Cobblestone is a natural building material based on cobble-sized stones, and is used for pavement roads, streets, and buildings.

Why did we stop using cobblestone?

Cobblestones eventually fell out of favor for quarried granite setts, or Belgian block, which are relatively regular, rectangular stones laid out in a pattern. These made for a much smoother and safer ride than cobbles in the 19th century and are what most people refer to as “cobblestones” today.

Where do cobble stones come from?

They mostly come from old streets in turn-of-the-century mill towns and old seaports. Most of the 17th and 18th century cobblestones in the US are actually Belgian Block. There is something magical about cobblestones.

What kind of rock is cobblestone?

In geology, cobble or cobblestone is the word for a rock in the size range of 64-256 mm (2.5-10 inches). (If it is smaller, then it is a pebble; if it is larger, it is a boulder.) The word is commonly applied to any type of rounded rock (basalt, granite, gneiss, sandstone, etc.)

How were cobbled streets made?

Constructing cobblestone roads hasn't changed much in all that time. Water worn stones are collected and sized. Then they are either set on a sand bedding or in mortar. This creates an easy to clean; crack resistant road surface that's perfect for areas where freezing and flooding is likely.

Are Roman roads cobblestone?

Rome's cobblestones are known as "sampietrini," which means "little St. Peters," named for the square where the stones were first set in the 16th century. Construction work is expected to begin later this year. Those driving through Rome should expect even heavier traffic in the affected areas.

Why is it called cobblestone?

The word cobblestone is derived from the English word “cob”, which means something round or lumpy. For thousands of years, they've been used in many different societies to create paved roads, which were a huge step up from dirt paths.

Is cobblestone better than asphalt?

Cobblestone pavers are extremely elegant and durable, but they are not cheap. If you are looking for a low budget driveway, you might be better off considering concrete pavers, gravel, concrete, or asphalt. But if you want a tough, attractive, and unique driveway, it's hard to beat cobblestone.

Where do you find cobblestone?

0:401:36How to get Cobblestone - Minecraft 1.4 - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipAnd stone picking the eggs. Using stone eggs is much more efficient at getting wood. So you want toMoreAnd stone picking the eggs. Using stone eggs is much more efficient at getting wood. So you want to get cobblestone as soon as possible when you start minecraft.

How much does a pallet of cobblestone cost?

$1,110.00 PER PALLET (105 PCS.)

Are Cobblestone Pavers Right for You?

Jeff Beneke is a home renovation expert. A self-taught carpenter, cabinetmaker, electrician, and plumber, he has renovated two 19th-century farmhouses in upstate New York and a mid-20th-century house in Austin, Texas. He has written more than a dozen books related to home renovation, repair, and maintenance and contributed to another dozen.

Cobblestone Paver Cost

Costs for cobblestone typically ranges from $10 to $20 per square foot for the stone itself; the price varies depending on the size and type of stone, and on factors such as transportation costs. For DIYers, various installation materials and tool rental can add another $10 per square foot.

Maintenance and Repair

Cobblestone paver driveways and walkways require very little maintenance. Just give them a good washing once or twice a year and pull any weeds that grow through the joints.

Design

Stylistically, cobblestone paving is best suited for homes with vintage architecture that resembles the homes found in regions and historical periods where cobblestones were the principal paving material.

Cobblestone Paver Installation

Installing a cobblestone paver driveway is labor-intensive, but it doesn't necessarily require special skills or heavy machinery. If you aren't in a hurry and don't mind the challenge, DIY installation is a viable option. This is a project that takes time, however, especially if you are doing the work yourself.

Cobblestone Pavers vs. Concrete Pavers

The major drawback of true cobblestone pavers is their considerable price, and if budget is an issue, you can get a similar look by using much cheaper concrete pavers. Concrete pavers are available in a variety of colors, and many are tumbled to give them a good resemblance to authentic cobblestones.

Top Brands of Cobblestone Pavers

Natural stone sold at retailers tends to be a regional resource, and the cobblestones sold in your area will likely comprise whatever type of granite or other stone is prevalent in or near your region. The "brand" of the pavers will be whatever commercial quarry the stone came from.

image

Overview

Use in roading

Cobblestones are typically either set in sand or similar material, or are bound together with mortar. Paving with cobblestones allows a road to be heavily used all year long. It prevents the build-up of ruts often found in dirt roads. It has the additional advantage of immediately draining water, and not getting muddy in wet weather or dusty in dry weather. Shod horses are also able to get better traction on stone cobbles, pitches or setts than tarmac or asphalt. The fact that carriage wheels,

Use in architecture

In the Finger Lakes Region of New York State, the retreat of the glaciers during the last ice age left numerous small, rounded cobblestones available for building. Pre-Civil War architecture in the region made heavy use of cobblestones for walls. Today, the fewer than 600 remaining cobblestone buildings are prized as historic locations, most of them private homes. Ninety percent of the cobblestone buildings in America can be found within a 75-mile radius of Rochest…

Use in cycling

In cycling road races, cobblestones are used as an additional difficulty for the riders. It requires a certain skill to ride cobblestones efficiently, without falling or getting a flat tire. Tour of Flanders and Paris–Roubaix are notable cobbled classics.

See also

• Calade, a harmonious, decorative arrangement of medium-sized pebbles, fixed to the ground
• Flagstone
• Portuguese pavement
• List of cobblestone streets

External links

• The Cobblestone Society & Museum - Albion, New York

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
8.3.21PHP Version1.88sRequest Duration2MBMemory UsageGET {post}Route
  • warninglog[12:58:47] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[12:58:47] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[12:58:47] LOG.warning: Callables of the form ["Swift_SmtpTransport", "Swift_Transport_EsmtpTranspor...
  • warninglog[12:58:47] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[12:58:47] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[12:58:47] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[12:58:47] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • Booting (13.97ms)
  • Application (1.87s)
  • 1 x Application (99.23%)
    1.87s
    1 x Booting (0.74%)
    13.97ms
    7 templates were rendered
    • themes.DevBlog.content.post (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/content/post.blade.php)34blade
      Params
      0
      post
      1
      postContent
      2
      author
      3
      updated_at
      4
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      5
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      6
      bing_related_keywords
      7
      google_related_keywords
      8
      bing_news_title
      9
      bing_news_description
      10
      bing_videos
      11
      bing_images
      12
      bing_search_result_title
      13
      bing_search_result_description
      14
      bing_search_result_url
      15
      bing_paa_questions
      16
      bing_paa_answers
      17
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      18
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      19
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      20
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      21
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      22
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      23
      google_faq_questions
      24
      google_faq_answers
      25
      google_rich_snippet
      26
      google_search_result
      27
      indexedArray
      28
      total_images
      29
      total_videos
      30
      settings
      31
      url_current
      32
      menus
      33
      sidebar
    • themes.DevBlog.layouts.master (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/layouts/master.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.head (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/head.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.header (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/header.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.navbar (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/navbar.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.footer (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/footer.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.scripts (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/scripts.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    uri
    GET {post}
    middleware
    web, checkdate
    as
    post.show
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\Frontend\json_data\PostController@show
    namespace
    where
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/json_data/PostController.php:18-166
    7 statements were executed1.84s
    • select * from `posts` where `published_at` <= '2025-06-10 12:58:47' and `slug` = 'how-are-cobblestones-made' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      4.44ms/app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 2025-06-10 12:58:47
      • 1. how-are-cobblestones-made
      Backtrace
      • 15. /app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:842
      • 19. Route binding:39
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:78
    • select * from `json_post_contents` where `json_post_contents`.`post_id` = 218111 and `json_post_contents`.`post_id` is not null and `rewrite_id` = 0
      17.15msmiddleware::checkdate:30receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 218111
      • 1. 0
      Backtrace
      • 19. middleware::checkdate:30
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/jetstream/src/Http/Middleware/ShareInertiaData.php:61
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
    • select * from `nova_menu_menus` where `slug` = 'header' limit 1
      2.87ms/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. header
      Backtrace
      • 15. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` = 1 and `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` is not null and `parent_id` is null order by `parent_id` asc, `order` asc, `name` asc
      2.15ms/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 1
      Backtrace
      • 19. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 20. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`parent_id` in (1) order by `order` asc
      1.08ms/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Backtrace
      • 24. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 25. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select `id`, `post_title`, `slug` from `posts` where `status` = 'publish' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 10
      1.81s/app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. publish
      Backtrace
      • 14. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22
      • 15. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:12
      • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177
    • select * from `fake_users` where `fake_users`.`id` = 16081 limit 1
      860μsview::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 16081
      Backtrace
      • 21. view::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:108
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 25. /vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
      • 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:61
    App\Models\FakeUser
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\MenuItem
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\Menu
    1
    App\Models\JsonPostContent
    1
    App\Models\Post
    11
        _token
        LgUWFmtugsxGzAWwAbBww4D8nIF2dh5ZY1MMgZWu
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/how-are-cobblestones-made" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /how-are-cobblestones-made
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:25 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "_pk_id.64.7c30=9c19e481ca087a2d.1749540520.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ilp2WmFXdUJoN2lRbHg3Vk9hMUorRXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibVR6VVhjL1lTWTlmdFlhK1p4YkhUZ3o0YUh4SXBGSmZwZHpDRnRjb3M5ZXlndFVvVHhXMVlZWHRvN0dxSkZJT3FpREIvSFRhdDRBVURRU2YvVTROMTF1bUZjeXV1VFNKakRaSzZsZm1kbGt2QjdLNmpPQTlaOWFxOWVXbzZUQnkiLCJtYWMiOiI0MTA3NWVkOWE4MmE3NmUyYjFiMmQ0NzM0NzcxMjY3YWQ5YzBjY2YxYTIyMTUwOWJiZjU4MjQ0MjFkNGI3ZjgxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IkRVcnphVVh0OXZieGkxSkpQN1NqV2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiKyttM1lLeWl6MGdBa05vQ016VzVIOEhmZnBWSlZLWkxWZExGVjhHdHhIR1ZmTE1QNmlBNTZIUEtvUlpmblRHS0FkSkZiZjdSRm84ZzUvaWF4TlRsK2w2Z3VsOTF4UUV6YWV0VFRnY0IzOEMwUFhuTjUrSmEwZUZiSXkwQWszVE8iLCJtYWMiOiJjNWRiNGVlMjY2NDQ1OWRkNjAzNTcwYTc1MTFkMzY3Y2Y3MzgyZjFjOGNjOWMyZTJhYzkxNmYzODc4ZjQ4MjE2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D_pk_id.64.7c30=9c19e481ca087a2d.1749540520.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ilp2WmFXdUJoN2lRbHg3Vk9hMUorRXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibVR6VVhjL1lTWTlmdFlhK1p4YkhUZ" ] "cf-ipcountry" => array:1 [ 0 => "US" ] "cf-connecting-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.103" ] "cdn-loop" => array:1 [ 0 => "cloudflare; loops=1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, br" ] "cf-ray" => array:1 [ 0 => "94d7276948fe72e4-ORD" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "cf-visitor" => array:1 [ 0 => "{"scheme":"https"}" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "close" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.103, 172.70.126.209" ] "x-server-addr" => array:1 [ 0 => "154.12.239.204" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "receivinghelpdesk.com" ] ]
        request_server
        0 of 0
        array:56 [ "USER" => "runcloud" "HOME" => "/home/runcloud" "SCRIPT_NAME" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_URI" => "/ask/how-are-cobblestones-made" "QUERY_STRING" => "" "REQUEST_METHOD" => "GET" "SERVER_PROTOCOL" => "HTTP/1.0" "GATEWAY_INTERFACE" => "CGI/1.1" "REDIRECT_URL" => "/ask/how-are-cobblestones-made" "REMOTE_PORT" => "42458" "SCRIPT_FILENAME" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/ask/index.php" "SERVER_ADMIN" => "you@example.com" "CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "CONTEXT_PREFIX" => "" "REQUEST_SCHEME" => "http" "DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "REMOTE_ADDR" => "172.70.126.209" "SERVER_PORT" => "80" "SERVER_ADDR" => "127.0.0.1" "SERVER_NAME" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "SERVER_SOFTWARE" => "Apache/2.4.63 (Unix) OpenSSL/1.1.1f" "SERVER_SIGNATURE" => "" "LD_LIBRARY_PATH" => "/RunCloud/Packages/apache2-rc/lib" "PATH" => "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" "HTTP_COOKIE" => "_pk_id.64.7c30=9c19e481ca087a2d.1749540520.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ilp2WmFXdUJoN2lRbHg3Vk9hMUorRXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibVR6VVhjL1lTWTlmdFlhK1p4YkhUZ3o0YUh4SXBGSmZwZHpDRnRjb3M5ZXlndFVvVHhXMVlZWHRvN0dxSkZJT3FpREIvSFRhdDRBVURRU2YvVTROMTF1bUZjeXV1VFNKakRaSzZsZm1kbGt2QjdLNmpPQTlaOWFxOWVXbzZUQnkiLCJtYWMiOiI0MTA3NWVkOWE4MmE3NmUyYjFiMmQ0NzM0NzcxMjY3YWQ5YzBjY2YxYTIyMTUwOWJiZjU4MjQ0MjFkNGI3ZjgxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IkRVcnphVVh0OXZieGkxSkpQN1NqV2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiKyttM1lLeWl6MGdBa05vQ016VzVIOEhmZnBWSlZLWkxWZExGVjhHdHhIR1ZmTE1QNmlBNTZIUEtvUlpmblRHS0FkSkZiZjdSRm84ZzUvaWF4TlRsK2w2Z3VsOTF4UUV6YWV0VFRnY0IzOEMwUFhuTjUrSmEwZUZiSXkwQWszVE8iLCJtYWMiOiJjNWRiNGVlMjY2NDQ1OWRkNjAzNTcwYTc1MTFkMzY3Y2Y3MzgyZjFjOGNjOWMyZTJhYzkxNmYzODc4ZjQ4MjE2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D_pk_id.64.7c30=9c19e481ca087a2d.1749540520.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ilp2WmFXdUJoN2lRbHg3Vk9hMUorRXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibVR6VVhjL1lTWTlmdFlhK1p4YkhUZ" "HTTP_CF_IPCOUNTRY" => "US" "HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP" => "216.73.216.103" "HTTP_CDN_LOOP" => "cloudflare; loops=1" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_MODE" => "navigate" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_SITE" => "none" "HTTP_ACCEPT" => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" "HTTP_USER_AGENT" => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" "HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS" => "1" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_PLATFORM" => ""Windows"" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_MOBILE" => "?0" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA" => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" "HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL" => "no-cache" "HTTP_PRAGMA" => "no-cache" "HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING" => "gzip, br" "HTTP_CF_RAY" => "94d7276948fe72e4-ORD" "HTTP_PRIORITY" => "u=0, i" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_DEST" => "document" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_USER" => "?1" "HTTP_CF_VISITOR" => "{"scheme":"https"}" "HTTP_CONNECTION" => "close" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO" => "https" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR" => "216.73.216.103, 172.70.126.209" "HTTP_X_SERVER_ADDR" => "154.12.239.204" "HTTP_HOST" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "HTTPS" => "on" "REDIRECT_STATUS" => "200" "REDIRECT_HTTPS" => "on" "FCGI_ROLE" => "RESPONDER" "PHP_SELF" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT" => 1749540527.5841 "REQUEST_TIME" => 1749540527 ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "_pk_id_64_7c30" => null "_pk_ses_64_7c30" => null "XSRF-TOKEN" => "LgUWFmtugsxGzAWwAbBww4D8nIF2dh5ZY1MMgZWu" "askhelpdesk_session" => "UMrMrpUqcyNUGFL6XYD30VDnNf9QL5CK5uZGn6r5" ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:7 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "private, must-revalidate" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 10 Jun 2025 07:28:47 GMT" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "expires" => array:1 [ 0 => -1 ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlhNSStjaEpXajdaQUpOOXo2dm9pRnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWExhL3ErT0M2dlZ6K0lSUFFpeStPYzduQ2swYlJHQzhST25PSWxrdVdVN0pJN3lTYVhMV1J6bjkrdFBvalZ3S1MvWGdHRVlFVHBSb3JEWm1UbDJyd0prcXR0Z3gzSzc4WGFXUVIvTzFiYmxkRXRRa1lnSGVUejBFdTdkMzIyUEIiLCJtYWMiOiI4NzcwZjdlM2JmMWM4YzA5YmRkMDBkNWM1NzUxMjFlNzAwOWUzNDM0NWQzZTQ5OTJiMGVlYzQxMTM0MmVkNDNjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Tue, 10-Jun-2025 09:28:49 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlhNSStjaEpXajdaQUpOOXo2dm9pRnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWExhL3ErT0M2dlZ6K0lSUFFpeStPYzduQ2swYlJHQzhST25PSWxrdVdVN0pJN3lTYVhMV1J6bjkrdFBvalZ3S1MvWGdHR" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IkN4cVNuVTZza2c4V0lYaWJUNHBlSnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTEdnS3gzWHVhK0dJU1lyOFVUV3J1ZTZoOTZtbmNFdkROVFBMTkIxVFBmWFY2MWx4Y1R4WC9XU2xUcCsrT1c2dTc3SUVhOUJzS0YyY0hlenNLSzhkL2J2NFlmdzA4WXVBVmt4NGFyUUREYjNXMDFtSkVjbTNNUS9Ncldab3Q3MXkiLCJtYWMiOiJmOTQwMDQxYjI1OWU2YTQ4MDZiYWJiMjlkMTUzZjE3YTU3ZGM0Mjk1MDM0YjcwOWVmM2Y5ZDYwYWY4OTY2Zjk4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Tue, 10-Jun-2025 09:28:49 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; httponly; samesite=laxaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IkN4cVNuVTZza2c4V0lYaWJUNHBlSnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTEdnS3gzWHVhK0dJU1lyOFVUV3J1ZTZoOTZtbmNFdkROVFBMTkIxVFBmWFY2MWx4Y1R4WC9XU2xUcCsrT1c2" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlhNSStjaEpXajdaQUpOOXo2dm9pRnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWExhL3ErT0M2dlZ6K0lSUFFpeStPYzduQ2swYlJHQzhST25PSWxrdVdVN0pJN3lTYVhMV1J6bjkrdFBvalZ3S1MvWGdHRVlFVHBSb3JEWm1UbDJyd0prcXR0Z3gzSzc4WGFXUVIvTzFiYmxkRXRRa1lnSGVUejBFdTdkMzIyUEIiLCJtYWMiOiI4NzcwZjdlM2JmMWM4YzA5YmRkMDBkNWM1NzUxMjFlNzAwOWUzNDM0NWQzZTQ5OTJiMGVlYzQxMTM0MmVkNDNjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Tue, 10-Jun-2025 09:28:49 GMT; path=/XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlhNSStjaEpXajdaQUpOOXo2dm9pRnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWExhL3ErT0M2dlZ6K0lSUFFpeStPYzduQ2swYlJHQzhST25PSWxrdVdVN0pJN3lTYVhMV1J6bjkrdFBvalZ3S1MvWGdHR" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IkN4cVNuVTZza2c4V0lYaWJUNHBlSnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTEdnS3gzWHVhK0dJU1lyOFVUV3J1ZTZoOTZtbmNFdkROVFBMTkIxVFBmWFY2MWx4Y1R4WC9XU2xUcCsrT1c2dTc3SUVhOUJzS0YyY0hlenNLSzhkL2J2NFlmdzA4WXVBVmt4NGFyUUREYjNXMDFtSkVjbTNNUS9Ncldab3Q3MXkiLCJtYWMiOiJmOTQwMDQxYjI1OWU2YTQ4MDZiYWJiMjlkMTUzZjE3YTU3ZGM0Mjk1MDM0YjcwOWVmM2Y5ZDYwYWY4OTY2Zjk4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Tue, 10-Jun-2025 09:28:49 GMT; path=/; httponlyaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IkN4cVNuVTZza2c4V0lYaWJUNHBlSnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTEdnS3gzWHVhK0dJU1lyOFVUV3J1ZTZoOTZtbmNFdkROVFBMTkIxVFBmWFY2MWx4Y1R4WC9XU2xUcCsrT1c2" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "_token" => "LgUWFmtugsxGzAWwAbBww4D8nIF2dh5ZY1MMgZWu" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/how-are-cobblestones-made" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]