Full Answer
Who hacked the gas pipeline?
The FBI confirmed Monday that the culprit is a strain of ransomware called DarkSide, believed to be operated by a Russian cybercrime gang referred to by the same name. The FBI said that "the DarkSide ransomware is responsible for the compromise of the Colonial Pipeline networks.
What are the dangers in oil and gas pipelines?
- fatality or injury requiring in-patient hospitalization
- $50,000 or more in total costs, measured in 1984 dollars
- highly volatile liquid releases of 5 barrels or more or other liquid releases of 50 barrels or more (1 barrel = 42 gallons)
- liquid releases resulting in an unintentional fire or explosion
How to build a natural gas pipeline?
© Stacey Wescott/Chicago Tribune Mulumbua Bey speaks at a protest organized by Black farmers of Pembroke Township against plans by Nicor Gas to build a pipeline through their community, on Dec. 7, 2021, outside the Thompson Center in Chicago.
What gas line was hacked?
On May 7, 2021, Colonial Pipeline, which delivers about 45 percent of petroleum products consumed on the East Coast, was cyberattacked. The pipeline transports gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and home heating oil from refineries located on the Gulf Coast through pipelines running from Texas to New Jersey.
What is a gas pipeline?
Natural gas pipelines transport natural gas from stationary facilities such as gas wells or import/export facilities, and deliver to a variety of locations, such as homes or directly to other export facilities.
How does gas pipeline work?
Oil pipelines are made from steel or plastic tubes which are usually buried. The oil is moved through the pipelines by pump stations along the pipeline. Natural gas (and similar gaseous fuels) are pressurized into liquids known as Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs). Natural gas pipelines are constructed of carbon steel.
What are the three types of pipelines?
There are essentially three major types of pipelines along the transportation route: gathering systems, transmission systems, and distribution systems.
What is the gas pipeline in Canada?
The TransCanada pipeline is a system of natural gas pipelines, up to 48 inches (1.2 m) in diameter, that carries gas through Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec. It is maintained by TransCanada PipeLines, LP. It is the longest pipeline in Canada.
Is gas pipeline safe?
Pipelines are the most efficient and safest mode of transport and delivery of natural gas and petroleum products. This is inherently safer than other modes of transportation such as rail, shipping and road transport.
Are gas pipelines underground?
Most transmission pipelines are located underground. Distribution lines—Main distribution lines move gas to industrial customers. Smaller distribution lines connect businesses and homes. Distribution lines usually are installed in underground utility easements along streets.
What is the name of gas pipeline?
DETAILS OF PARTLY COMMISSIONED NATURAL GAS PIPELINESS. No.Name of PipelinesName of Entity1Chhainsa-Jhajjar-HissarGAIL (India) Limited2Dadri-Bawana-NangalGAIL (India) Limited3Kochi-Koottanad-Bangalore-MangaloreGAIL (India) Limited4Mehsana - BhatindaGSPL India Gasnet Limited6 more rows•Nov 18, 2019
How many types of gas pipes are there?
Three types of pipes are used in Oil and Gas industry are Seamless pipes, ERW Pipes, and LSAW Pipes. All these types of Pipes are available in many materials and grades.
Where is the gas pipeline?
Of the lower 48 US states, those with the most natural gas pipeline running through them are Texas (58,588 miles), Louisiana (18,900), Oklahoma (18,539), Kansas (15,386), Illinois (11,900) and California (11,770).
Why are pipelines bad for the environment?
Leaks, emissions, and other damage from pipelines can destroy vegetation, harm local wildlife, and add to local water and air pollution levels. Operators can help avoid these issues by strict inspection and maintenance routines.
Who owns pipelines in Canada?
the Government of CanadaThe CER, an independent federal agency created in 1959 (as the NEB) by the Government of Canada, regulates pipelines that cross inter-provincial or international boundaries. This includes 73,000 kilometres of inter-provincial and international pipelines within Canada.
Why is the Keystone pipeline bad?
No matter how you look at it, Keystone XL would be bad for wildlife, especially endangered species. Many imperiled species live along the proposed pipeline's path and in areas where tar-sands oil is produced. If the pipeline were built, it would decimate habitat these species rely on.
What are the economics of pipelines?
Aside from economics, pipeline transit fees and political risk are key issues that should be considered when evaluating this option for monetizing gas. Additionally, pipeline routes are fixed and are exposed to acts of terrorism, high transit tariffs, or the potential for gas flow being shut off during a dispute involving one of the transit countries.
What is the pressure of a pipeline?
Pipelines typically operate at pressures ranging from 70 to 100 bar. As a general rule, the initial compressor stations for pipelines require two-stage compression for boosting pressure from 40 to 140 bar, while intermediate compressor stations require single-stage compression from 100 to 140 bar. Some pipelines operate at high pressures.
What is high pressure gas?
Some pipelines operate at high pressures. High-pressure pipelines are defined as overland gas pipelines operating at pressure higher than 100 bar and in the range of 100 to 200 bar. At the receiving station of the pipeline, the gas may have to be scrubbed and metered for custody transfer purposes. The pressure of the gas may have to be adjusted ...
How is gas brought to the market?
A vast fraction of the world’s gas is brought to the market through pipelines. Several large pipeline projects are currently being evaluated. Pipelines can be over land or under water. Underwater pipelines have been used in the North Sea. However, water depth is a critical parameter that poses difficult challenges.
What is the main concern of a pipeline?
Pipeline sections, which are essentially out of sight, represent a risk over the long life of the gas project. The primary concern is corrosion, but mechanical damage also can be an issue.
Is a pipeline a single system?
In the pipeline option, especially in remote locations, it should be considered that a pipeline is a single system and requires the entire pipeline to be serviceable for any gas to flow. Disruption of any part of the pipeline disrupts all service through that system.
EastMed Pipeline
The EastMed pipeline has been in the works for more than a decade. The Israel-Greece-Cyprus project — joined by Bulgaria, Hungary, North Macedonia, Romania and Serbia — has long been seen as a way to diversify natural gas supplies to Europe.
Israel versus Turkey
The demise of the EastMed pipeline project appears to be — in large measure — the handiwork of Amos Hochstein, a political operator in the American Democratic Party and an acolyte of Hillary Clinton, John Kerry and former U.S. President Barack Obama. Hochstein, a confidant of U.S.
Turkish Opposition
Turkey has challenged the EastMed project by attempting to expand its claims over gas-rich areas of the Mediterranean Sea.
Select Commentary
In a letter to U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken, U.S. Representatives Gus Bilirakis (R-FL) and Nicole Malliotakis (R-NY) wrote:
What happened to the Egyptian gas pipeline?
The Egyptian state entities supplying the pipeline attempted to declare force majeure in cancelling the gas agreement with EMG and the Israel Electric Corporation, while the latter contented the cancellation amounted to a unilateral breach of contract. The matter was referred to the International Court of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce in Geneva. After four years of proceedings the arbitration panel ruled against Egypt and ordered it to pay approximately US$2 billion in fines and damages to EMG and the IEC for unilaterally cancelling the contract. Egypt then appealed the panel's decision to the Swiss courts, who also ruled against Egypt in 2017. Eventually, a settlement over the fine was reached in 2019 underwhich Egypt will pay the IEC US$500 million over the course of 8.5 years as compensation for halting the gas supplies. The settlement clears the way for gas exports from Israel to Egypt to begin.
Where is the Arab gas pipeline located?
The Arab Gas Pipeline is a natural gas pipeline in the Middle East. It originates near Arish in the Sinai Peninsula and was built to export Egyptian natural gas to Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon, with branch underwater and overland pipelines to and from Israel.
How long is the Al-Arish pipeline?
The first section of pipeline runs from Arish in Egypt to Aqaba in Jordan. It has three segments. The first 250 kilometres (160 mi) long overland segment links Al-Arish to Taba on the Red Sea. It also consists of a compressor station in Arish and a metering station in Taba. The second segment is a 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) long subsea segment from Taba to Aqaba. The third segment, which also includes a metering station, is a 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) long onshore connection to the Aqaba Thermal Power Station.
Why did the Egyptian gas pipeline stop working?
The attacks have been carried out by Bedouin complaining of economic neglect and discrimination by the central Cairo government. By spring 2013 the pipeline returned to continuous operation, however, due to persistent natural gas shortages in Egypt, the gas supply to Israel was suspended indefinitely while the supply to Jordan was resumed, but at a rate substantially below the contracted amount. Since then the pipeline was targeted by militants several more times.
What happened to the gas pipeline in 2011?
An overnight explosion on 26–27 September 2011 caused extensive damage to the pipeline at a location 50 kilometres (31 mi) from Egypt's border with Israel. As the pipeline had not been supplying gas to Israel since an earlier explosion in July, it did not affect Israel's natural gas supply. According to Egyptian authorities, local Bedouin Islamists were behind the attack.
How big is the pipeline through Egypt?
The main section of the pipeline through Egypt and Jordan is 36 inches (910 mm) in diameter , with compressor stations located approximately every 200 km – providing for a maximum annual gas discharge of 10.3 billion cubic meters (BCM). The pipeline's capacity could be increased by 50% by roughly doubling the number of compressor stations (to every 100 km).
Why did Egypt stop exporting gas?
Egyptian gas exports were reduced dramatically in 2011 – initially due to sabotage (mostly to its feeder pipeline in Sinai), followed by natural gas shortages in Egypt which forced it to discontinue gas exports by the mid 2010s. Sections of the pipeline continued to operate in Jordan to facilitate domestic transport of gas.
Pipeline Operation
- Pipelines typically operate at pressures ranging from 70 to 100 bar. As a general rule, the initial compressor stations for pipelines require two-stage compression for boosting pressure from 40 to 140 bar, while intermediate compressor stations require single-stage compression from 100 to 140 bar. Some pipelines operate at high pressures. High-pres...
Key Considerations
- Several publications discuss the economics of pipelines relative to other gas utilization options. Aside from economics, pipeline transit fees and political risk are key issues that should be considered when evaluating this option for monetizing gas. Additionally, pipeline routes are fixed and are exposed to acts of terrorism, high transit tariffs, or the potential for gas flow being shut …
Noteworthy Papers in OnePetro
- Use this section to list papers in OnePetro that a reader who wants to learn more should definitely read
External Links
- Use this section to provide links to relevant material on websites other than PetroWiki and OnePetro
Overview
The Arab Gas Pipeline is a natural gas pipeline in the Middle East. It originates near Arish in the Sinai Peninsula and was built to export Egyptian natural gas to Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon, with branch underwater and overland pipelines to and from Israel. It has a total length of 1,200 kilometres (750 mi), constructed at a cost of US$1.2 billion.
History
The pipeline has been used intermittently since its inauguration. Egyptian gas exports were reduced dramatically in 2011 – initially due to sabotage (mostly to its feeder pipeline in Sinai), followed by natural gas shortages in Egypt which forced it to discontinue gas exports by the mid 2010s. Sections of the pipeline continued to operate in Jordan to facilitate domestic transport of gas. The pipeline was reversed to flow gas from Jordan to Egypt from 2015 to 2018 (fed by imp…
Description
The main section of the pipeline through Egypt and Jordan is 36 inches (910 mm) in diameter, with compressor stations located approximately every 200 km – providing for a maximum annual gas discharge of 10.3 billion cubic meters (BCM). The pipeline's capacity could be increased by 50% by roughly doubling the number of compressor stations (to every 100 km).
The first section of pipeline runs from Arish in Egypt to Aqaba in Jordan. It has three segments. T…
Arish–Ashkelon pipeline
The Arish–Ashkelon pipeline is a 90-kilometre (56 mi) long submarine gas pipeline with a diameter of 26 inches (660 mm), connecting the Arab Gas Pipeline with Israel. The physical capacity of the pipeline is 7 billion cubic metres (250 billion cubic feet) of gas per year, although technical upgrades can increase its capacity to a total of 9 billion cubic metres (320 billion cubic feet) per year. While it is not officially a part of the Arab Gas Pipeline project, it branches off from the sam…
Discontinuation and resumption of service
The Egyptian pipelines carrying natural gas to Israel and Jordan stopped operating following at least 26 insurgent attacks since the start of the uprising in early 2011 until October 2014. These attacks have mostly taken place on GASCO's pipeline in northern Sinai to El-Arish which feeds the Arab Gas Pipeline and the pipeline to Israel. The attacks have been carried out by Bedouin complaining of economic neglect and discrimination by the central Cairo government. By spring …
See also
• Energy in Egypt
• Energy in Jordan
• Energy in Israel