Paleoclimate records
| Series/ epoch | Age of archive / Location / Type of arch ... | Description and references |
| Mid Holocene | 4150 ya / Vanuatu Islands / Coral core | Coral bleaching in Vanuatu coral records ... |
| Holocene | 12000ya / Bay of Guayaquil, Ecuador / Po ... | Pollen records show changes in precipita ... |
| Holocene | 12000ya / Pallcacocha Lake, Ecuador / Se ... | Core shows warm events with periodicitie ... |
| LGM | 45000ya / Australia / Peat core | Moisture variability in the Australian c ... |
How does Southern Oscillation affect late monsoons?
Ultimately, the southern oscillation was found to be simply an atmospheric component of the El Niño/La Niña effect, which happens in the ocean. Therefore, in the context of the monsoon, the two together came to be known as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effect.
What are the conditions for Sustained oscillation?
Sustained oscillations are nothing but oscillations which oscillate with constant amplitude and frequency. Based on the Barkhausen criterion sustained oscillations are produced when the magnitude of loop gain or modulus of A β is equal to one and total phase shift around the loop is 0 degrees or 360 ensuring positive feedback.
What does El Nino Southern Oscillation mean?
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a recurring climate pattern involving changes in the temperature of waters in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.
What is the El Nino Southern Oscillation?
What is the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)? The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most significant and impactful climate cycle on Planet Earth and has important implications for long-range forecasting. It originates over the equatorial Pacific Ocean but also affects climate conditions around the globe.
What is Southern Oscillation?
The Southern Oscillation is an index based on the pressure difference between two tropical South Pacific locations, and is closely related to the El Niño state.
What is Southern Oscillation Class 9 Brainly?
♕ ♕ Southern Oscillation is an irregularly periodic variation in winds and sea surface temperatures over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, affecting the climate of much of the tropics and subtropics. The warming phase of the sea temperature is known as El Niño and the cooling phase as La Niña.
What is Southern Oscillation in simple terms?
Definition of Southern Oscillation climatology. : a periodic seesaw fluctuation in sea-level atmospheric pressures over the southern Pacific and Indian oceans that is believed to be linked to El Niño and La Niña events — compare arctic oscillation, north atlantic oscillation.
What is the Southern Oscillation cycle?
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a recurring climate pattern involving changes in the temperature of waters in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.
What is Southern Oscillation Class 9?
Southern oscillation refers to shifting the surface air pressure between the tropical eastern Pacific and eastern Indian oceans.
What is El Nino Southern Oscillation Brainly?
El Niño–Southern Oscillation is an irregularly periodic variation in winds and sea surface temperatures over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, affecting the climate of much of the tropics and subtropics. The warming phase of the sea temperature is known as El Niño and the cooling phase as La Niña.
What is the role of Southern Oscillation on Indian monsoon Class 9?
In this case, the eastern Pacific Ocean has lower pressure compared to the eastern Indian Ocean. This periodic change in pressure conditions is known as the Southern Oscillation or SO. The difference in pressure over Tahiti and Darwin is computed to predict the intensity of the monsoons.
What is Southern Oscillation Quora?
El Nino Southern Oscillation is an irregularly periodic variation in winds and sea surface temperature over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, where warm phase of ENSO is called El Nino and Cool phase of ENSO is called La Nina.
What is the Southern Oscillation quizlet?
Southern oscillation. the periodic change in the pressure differential between the Southeastern Pacific high pressure and the Western Pacific equatorial low pressure that occurs in concert with the El-Nino-Southern Oscillation events.
What causes El Nino Southern Oscillation?
ENSO events are not caused by climate change, they are caused by the interaction between the surface layers of the ocean and the overlying atmosphere in the tropical Pacific.
Is this an El Niño year 2021?
La Niña continues as the Northern Hemisphere heads into winter, and forecasters are confident that it will hang around through the rest of the winter. This La Niña, the second in two years, will likely transition to ENSO-neutral sometime in the spring.
How does El Nino Southern Oscillation work?
El Niño and La Niña are the warm and cool phases of a recurring climate pattern across the tropical Pacific—the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, or “ENSO” for short. The pattern shifts back and forth irregularly every two to seven years, and each phase triggers predictable disruptions of temperature, precipitation.
CLIMATE PREDICTION (EMPIRICAL AND NUMERICAL)
Lying as it does near a dipole of the SO, it is not surprising that the greater Australian region has its climatic variability strongly tied into the phases of this large-scale pressure seesaw.
Geodesy
Like seasonal variations in the length of the day, variations on interannual timescales are also predominantly caused by changes in the angular momentum of the zonal winds (e.g., Hide and Dickey, 1991; Eubanks, 1993; Rosen, 1993 ). The most prominent feature of the climate system on these timescales is the ENSO phenomenon.
SOLAR TERRESTRIAL INTERACTIONS
Cycles of 10–12-year periodicity have been isolated in many data records, including global surface temperature, surface temperature at many land stations across the globe, rainfall in the United States and Africa, surface pressure in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans, North American forest fires, Atlantic tropical cyclones, tropical corals, and the Southern Oscillation.
What Is ENSO
El Niño and La Niña are the warm and cool phases of a recurring climate pattern across the tropical Pacific—the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, or “ENSO” for short. The pattern shifts back and forth irregularly every two to seven years, and each phase triggers predictable disruptions of temperature, precipitation.
U.S. Impacts
El Niño is anchored in the tropical Pacific, but it affects climate "downstream" in the United States. In the summer, El Niño's primary influence on U.S. climate is on the hurricane season in both the eastern Pacific and the Atlantic. In winter, it influences the jet stream and the path of storms that move from the Pacific over the United States.
Global Impacts
El Niño and La Niña have their strongest influence on global climate during the Northern Hemisphere winter. During La Niña winters, the southern tier of the United States is often drier than normal. Northern Australia, Indonesia, and the Philippines are often wetter than normal.
Understanding the ENSO Alert System
On the second Thursday of each month, scientists with NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center in collaboration with forecasters at the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI) release an official update on the status of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Here is a description of the categories and criteria they use.
Overview
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an irregular periodic variation in winds and sea surface temperatures over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, affecting the climate of much of the tropics and subtropics. The warming phase of the sea temperature is known as El Niño and the cooling phase as La Niña. The Southern Oscillation is the accompanying atmospheric component, coupled wi…
Outline
The El Niño–Southern Oscillation is a single climate phenomenon that periodically fluctuates between three phases: Neutral, La Niña or El Niño. La Niña and El Niño are opposite phases which require certain changes to take place in both the ocean and the atmosphere before an event is declared.
Normally the northward flowing Humboldt Current brings relatively cold water from the Southern …
Walker circulation
The Walker circulation is caused by the pressure gradient force that results from a high pressure system over the eastern Pacific Ocean, and a low pressure system over Indonesia. The Walker circulations of the tropical Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic basins result in westerly surface winds in northern summer in the first basin and easterly winds in the second and third basins. As a result, the tempe…
Sea surface temperature oscillation
Within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the United States, sea surface temperatures in the Niño 3.4 region, which stretches from the 120th to 170th meridians west longitude astride the equator five degrees of latitude on either side, are monitored. This region is approximately 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi) to the southeast of Hawaii. The most recent three-mont…
Southern Oscillation
The Southern Oscillation is the atmospheric component of El Niño. This component is an oscillation in surface air pressure between the tropical eastern and the western Pacific Ocean waters. The strength of the Southern Oscillation is measured by the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). The SOI is computed from fluctuations in the surface air pressure difference between Tahiti (in the Pacific…
Madden–Julian oscillation
The Madden–Julian oscillation, or (MJO), is the largest element of the intraseasonal (30- to 90-day) variability in the tropical atmosphere, and was discovered by Roland Madden and Paul Julian of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in 1971. It is a large-scale coupling between atmospheric circulation and tropical deep convection. Rather than being a stan…
Impacts
Developing countries dependent upon agriculture and fishing, particularly those bordering the Pacific Ocean, are the most affected by ENSO. The effects of El Niño in South America are direct and strong. An El Niño is associated with warm and very wet weather months in April–October along the coasts of northern Peru and Ecuador, causing major flooding whenever the event is strong or extreme. …
Diversity
The traditional ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation), also called Eastern Pacific (EP) ENSO, involves temperature anomalies in the eastern Pacific. However, in the 1990s and 2000s, nontraditional ENSO conditions were observed, in which the usual place of the temperature anomaly (Niño 1 and 2) is not affected, but an anomaly arises in the central Pacific (Niño 3.4). The phenomenon is called Central Pacific (CP) ENSO, "dateline" ENSO (because the anomaly arises n…