Are there clinical trials evaluating dose sparing strategies?
Several clinical trials evaluating dose sparing are currently underway. However, to rapidly provide solid scientific justification for different dose-sparing strategies, joint coordinated action involving both public and private parties is needed.
What are the parts of a syringe used for?
The open end of the syringe may be fitted with a hypodermic needle, a nozzle or tubing to direct the flow into and out of the barrel. Syringes are frequently used in clinical medicine to administer injections, infuse intravenous therapy into the bloodstream, apply compounds such as glue or lubricant, and draw/measure liquids.
What is the difference between a syringe and oral syringe?
The contents are simply squirted or sucked from the syringe directly into the mouth of the person or animal. Oral syringes are available in various sizes, from 1–10 mL and larger. The sizes most commonly used are 1 mL, 2.5 mL and 5 mL. A dental syringe is a used by dentists for the injection of an anesthetic.
Background
The loss of half the U.S. supply of influenza vaccine due to contamination has created a critical shortage. Dose-sparing strategies that use intradermal delivery of vaccines may be one approach to consider.
Methods
We conducted a randomized, open-label trial outside the influenza season in 100 healthy adults 18 to 40 years of age to compare the immunogenicity and safety of intradermal immunization with influenza vaccine with standard intramuscular immunization.
Results
Subjects who received an intradermal injection with one fifth the standard dose of influenza vaccine had increases in the geometric mean HAI titer by a factor of 15.2 for the H1N1 strain in the vaccine, 19.0 for the H3N2 strain, and 12.4 for the B strain on day 21, as compared with respective increases by a factor of 14.9, 7.1, and 15.3 for the intramuscular injection of the standard dose.
Conclusions
In this study of young adults, intradermal administration of one fifth the standard intramuscular dose of an influenza vaccine elicited immunogenicity that was similar to or better than that elicited by intramuscular injection.
Study Design
This open-label, randomized study was part of a larger study to evaluate influenza vaccination in healthy men and women 18 to 40 years of age that was conducted by SGS Life Sciences Services at the Stuivenberg Hospital in Antwerp, Belgium.
Vaccination
One hundred subjects were recruited and provided written informed consent before enrollment. Subjects were considered ineligible if they had any clinically significant abnormalities in their medical history (including immunocompromising conditions) or on physical examination, serum chemical analysis, hematologic analysis, or urinalysis.
Serologic Studies and Outcome Measures
Serum samples from days 0, 21, and 42 were simultaneously tested for strain-specific hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) by Focus Technologies (Cypress, Calif.). Results were reported for the A/New Caledonia/20/99, A/Panama/2007/99, and B/Hong Kong/330/2001 strains.
How many ml is a syringe?
The contents are simply squirted or sucked from the syringe directly into the mouth of the person or animal. Oral syringes are available in various sizes, from 1–10 mL and larger. The sizes most commonly used are 1 mL, 2.5 mL and 5 mL.
What is a disposable syringe?
Disposable syringe with needle, with parts labelled: plunger, barrel, needle adaptor, needle hub, needle bevel, needle shaft. According to the World Health Organization, about 90% of the medical syringes are used to administer drugs, 5% for vaccinations and 5% for other uses such as blood transfusions.
Why are needle syringes not used in human medicine?
There are needle syringes designed to reload from a built-in tank (container) after each injection, so they can make several or many injections on a filling. These are not used much in human medicine because of the risk of cross-infection via the needle. An exception is the personal insulin autoinjector used by diabetic patients and in dual-chambered syringe designs intended to deliver a prefilled saline flush solution after the medication.
What is a syringe pump?
A syringe is a simple reciprocating pump consisting of a plunger (though in modern syringes, it is actually a piston) that fits tightly within a cylindrical tube called a barrel.
What is a syringe barrel made of?
The barrel of a syringe is made of plastic or glass, usually has graduated marks indicating the volume of fluid in the syringe, and is nearly always transparent. Glass syringes may be sterilized in an autoclave. Plastic syringes can be constructed as either two-part or three-part designs.
What is a 12ml syringe made of?
The threads of the Luer lock tip of this 12mL disposable syringe keep it securely connected to a tube or other apparatus. Syringe made entirely of glass, with no parts made from metal, nor any other material. An antique glass and metal syringe.
Why are syringes plastic?
Most modern medical syringes are plastic because they are cheap enough to dispose of after being used only once, reducing the risk of spreading blood-borne diseases. Reuse of needles and syringes has caused spread of diseases, especially HIV and hepatitis, among intravenous drug users.