Receiving Helpdesk

carbon dioxide ionic or covalent

by Brenden Langworth Published 3 years ago Updated 2 years ago

Carbon and oxygen are non-metals, thus we know carbon dioxide is a covalent compound.Jan 10, 2017

What's the difference between ionic and covalent?

Ionic vs Covalent Bonds Summary

Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds
Description Bond between metal and nonmetal. The non ... Bond between two nonmetals with similar ...
Polarity
Shape No definite shape Definite shape
Melting Point High Low

What are the dangers of high CO2 levels?

  • Acute paranoia, depression, or confusion
  • Coma
  • Dilation (widening) of blood vessels in the skin
  • Fainting
  • Hyperventilating
  • Panic attack
  • Respiratory failure
  • Seizure
  • Swelling of the optic nerve ( papilledema)

Which chemical bond is stronger?

Two of the strongest forms of chemical bond are the ionic and the covalent bonds. Chemical bonds form between two atoms, each with its own electron environment. If each of the two atoms shares an electron with the other atom nearly equally, the bond is called covalent.

What is the normal CO2 level?

What is a safe level of carbon dioxide in the blood? Test results. The normal range for CO2 is 23 to 29 mEq/L (milliequivalent units per liter of blood). The blood test often measures blood pH along with CO2 levels to further determine the cause of your symptoms.

What is the covalent bond?

How to tell if a compound is covalent?

What does it mean when an atom has high ionization energy?

Why do elements have an octet configuration?

What are the two types of chemical bonds?

What are the subatomic particles that are negatively charged?

What is the chemical formula for CO2?

See more

How many covalent bonds are there in carbon dioxide?

Hence in carbon dioxide, all the four bonds are covalent bonds.

How many carbon oxygen double bonds are there in CO2?

There are two Carbon oxygen double bonds in a CO2 molecule. Here is the Lewis structure for CO2 molecule.

Why are ionic and covalent bonds man made?

Ionic and covalent bonds are a man-made classifications to make understanding how atoms interact more easily. At this point in education, they have become scripture and often prevent understanding instead of helping it.

What type of chemical bond exists?

Quadruple bonds, quintuple bonds, and even sextuple chemical bonds exist.

Why can't carbon form an ionic bond?

Carbon cannot form ionic bond because in the simplest sense carbon can neither lose 4 electrons for stablisation (Due to it's strong attraction to the nucleus) nor gain 4 electrons (Since it's small nucleus with 6 protons cannot manage extra 4 electrons).

What type of bond is formed between metals?

Generally speaking, ionic bonds only form between a metal and a non-metal.

What is the bonding mechanism of ionic bonds?

Ionic bonds are near complete transfer so atoms are more complete shells/subshells and the net electrostatic attraction of the whole ionized/cat-ionized atom creates the bond more electrostatic than one electron open-path basis.

What is chemical bond?

A chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms, ions or molecules that enables the formation of chemical compounds. The bond may result from the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions as in ionic bonds; or through the sharing of electrons as in covalent bonds .

What type of bond involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions?

Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bond that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, and is the primary interaction occurring in ionic compounds. The ions are atoms that have gained one or more electrons (known as anions, which are negatively charged) and atoms that have lost one or more electrons (known as cations, which are positively charged).

What is the covalent bond?

Below is the image of the atoms sharing electrons and forming a covalent bond. In covalent bonds, we have the concept of polarity. While ionic bonds already have atoms bearing charges, covalent bonds are said to be polar or nonpolar based on electronegativity differences. So, the main factor determining the nature of covalent bonds is ...

How to tell if a compound is covalent?

A compound is said to be covalent when it has an electronegativity difference between its bonded atoms to be less than 1.8-2. In a CO2 molecule, between C and O, the difference is around 0.89, so we can call this a covalently bonded molecule. Other than this, here in each bond of C and O, the atom of carbon shares four electron pairs ...

What does it mean when an atom has high ionization energy?

High ionization energy indicates that more energy is needed or difficulty is there to remove an electron. Hence, atoms of such elements cannot easily lose electrons to give rise to positively charged ions needed for the formation of an ionic bond inside a molecule.

Why do elements have an octet configuration?

Note: Usually the elements obtain their octet configuration due to the chemical bond formation.

What are the two types of chemical bonds?

This chapter deals with various types of chemical bonds. However, in this article, we will restrict our discussion to two major types: Ionic and Covalent.

What are the subatomic particles that are negatively charged?

Atoms have negatively charged subatomic particles called electrons around the nucleus. The electrons present in the outermost shell, also known as valence electrons, have a tendency to take part in the bond formation as a result of which we get several products.

What is the chemical formula for CO2?

CO2 is the chemical formula of the molecular compound of Carbon Dioxide. It is one of the most important compounds and we are familiar with CO2 since childhood. We already know the role of CO2 in respiration. Other than that, we also identify its role in climate change since it is a greenhouse gas.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
8.3.21PHP Version2.22sRequest Duration2MBMemory UsageGET {post}Route
  • warninglog[17:41:55] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[17:41:55] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[17:41:55] LOG.warning: Callables of the form ["Swift_SmtpTransport", "Swift_Transport_EsmtpTranspor...
  • warninglog[17:41:55] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[17:41:55] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[17:41:55] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[17:41:55] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[17:41:55] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[17:41:55] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[17:41:55] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[17:41:55] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[17:41:55] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[17:41:55] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[17:41:55] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[17:41:55] LOG.warning: mt_rand(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($max) of type int is deprecated in ...
  • Booting (15.4ms)
  • Application (2.2s)
  • 1 x Application (99.29%)
    2.20s
    1 x Booting (0.69%)
    15.40ms
    7 templates were rendered
    • themes.DevBlog.content.post (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/content/post.blade.php)34blade
      Params
      0
      post
      1
      postContent
      2
      author
      3
      updated_at
      4
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      5
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      6
      bing_related_keywords
      7
      google_related_keywords
      8
      bing_news_title
      9
      bing_news_description
      10
      bing_videos
      11
      bing_images
      12
      bing_search_result_title
      13
      bing_search_result_description
      14
      bing_search_result_url
      15
      bing_paa_questions
      16
      bing_paa_answers
      17
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      18
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      19
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      20
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      21
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      22
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      23
      google_faq_questions
      24
      google_faq_answers
      25
      google_rich_snippet
      26
      google_search_result
      27
      indexedArray
      28
      total_images
      29
      total_videos
      30
      settings
      31
      url_current
      32
      menus
      33
      sidebar
    • themes.DevBlog.layouts.master (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/layouts/master.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.head (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/head.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.header (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/header.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.navbar (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/navbar.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.footer (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/footer.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.scripts (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/scripts.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    uri
    GET {post}
    middleware
    web, checkdate
    as
    post.show
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\Frontend\json_data\PostController@show
    namespace
    where
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/json_data/PostController.php:18-166
    7 statements were executed2.17s
    • select * from `posts` where `published_at` <= '2025-06-13 17:41:55' and `slug` = 'carbon-dioxide-ionic-or-covalent' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      3.42ms/app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 2025-06-13 17:41:55
      • 1. carbon-dioxide-ionic-or-covalent
      Backtrace
      • 15. /app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:842
      • 19. Route binding:39
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:78
    • select * from `json_post_contents` where `json_post_contents`.`post_id` = 53708 and `json_post_contents`.`post_id` is not null and `rewrite_id` = 0
      12.34msmiddleware::checkdate:30receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 53708
      • 1. 0
      Backtrace
      • 19. middleware::checkdate:30
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/jetstream/src/Http/Middleware/ShareInertiaData.php:61
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
    • select * from `nova_menu_menus` where `slug` = 'header' limit 1
      1.17ms/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. header
      Backtrace
      • 15. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` = 1 and `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` is not null and `parent_id` is null order by `parent_id` asc, `order` asc, `name` asc
      1.09ms/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 1
      Backtrace
      • 19. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 20. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`parent_id` in (1) order by `order` asc
      500μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Backtrace
      • 24. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 25. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select `id`, `post_title`, `slug` from `posts` where `status` = 'publish' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 10
      2.15s/app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. publish
      Backtrace
      • 14. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22
      • 15. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:12
      • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177
    • select * from `fake_users` where `fake_users`.`id` = 33904 limit 1
      850μsview::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 33904
      Backtrace
      • 21. view::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:108
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 25. /vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
      • 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:61
    App\Models\FakeUser
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\MenuItem
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\Menu
    1
    App\Models\JsonPostContent
    1
    App\Models\Post
    11
        _token
        1PSt62gssYfYIqgBI1YeIrcSjIhj0tLpgojyKAkS
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/carbon-dioxide-ionic-or-covalent" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /carbon-dioxide-ionic-or-covalent
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:25 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik9kZERpVWlGc0lwdWlrcCtRMWphUkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicWtPWjVQTU9mMTZCWUU1ZE9uQ1YyODJ3c2tMSi9iZE1aZVFuSWJQY2l5bEdrcFRYM1RGeG4wbWtMWHVWcGVSQW1TSG5RejM0VXUrUDF1NllWUFNCRG9uV0lHWjRyOEc4L0haemNpZjEwUUt4RVRva0pSMVY3YnhGSmRkU1dzWisiLCJtYWMiOiJmZDExOTdiOGQzYTc5NjIxNzQyZjJmMDA1Nzc5Mzg5NGRiNGY2NmVkNzZjZjgwZTM5ZWQwYjNkMzZmZmRlZTkxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6InJTVlFuRUwyWi94Ky9WS1FHWW1iWFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVS9TMFhBNDFjUFlXSmI2S0I1aEhLdGhDR3IwdlBtZ1R1Z3BDMFJMREZzZXdLUnlLV3A5NVZxNXNzRFYxUmJTYUpTVERxRGR1dW9ZcVF6RWxTOTI5RURLMW5naHVoVStYMGJ6ZFRrRjZOVCsyRjR4OU1pTEFuNWYxMFIxcVpRdVAiLCJtYWMiOiJmODA2ODNlZmNkNzMxMzU2NWU2YzgwNDVkNmYzNTVjMThlZWM4NjdmYjE4MzRhMTFlYzRlZmRmOGU5OTRhNmM5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; _pk_id.64.7c30=5cd1c37e81b427c8.1749816711.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik9kZERpVWlGc0lwdWlrcCtRMWphUkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicWtPWjVQTU9mMTZCWUU1ZE9uQ1YyODJ3c2tMSi9iZE1aZVFuSWJQY2l5bEdrcFRYM1RGeG4wbWtMWHVWcGVSQW1TSG5Re" ] "cf-ipcountry" => array:1 [ 0 => "US" ] "cf-connecting-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.203" ] "cdn-loop" => array:1 [ 0 => "cloudflare; loops=1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, br" ] "cf-ray" => array:1 [ 0 => "94f17e461c0410f9-ORD" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "cf-visitor" => array:1 [ 0 => "{"scheme":"https"}" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "close" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.203, 172.69.58.22" ] "x-server-addr" => array:1 [ 0 => "154.12.239.204" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "receivinghelpdesk.com" ] ]
        request_server
        0 of 0
        array:56 [ "USER" => "runcloud" "HOME" => "/home/runcloud" "SCRIPT_NAME" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_URI" => "/ask/carbon-dioxide-ionic-or-covalent" "QUERY_STRING" => "" "REQUEST_METHOD" => "GET" "SERVER_PROTOCOL" => "HTTP/1.0" "GATEWAY_INTERFACE" => "CGI/1.1" "REDIRECT_URL" => "/ask/carbon-dioxide-ionic-or-covalent" "REMOTE_PORT" => "59500" "SCRIPT_FILENAME" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/ask/index.php" "SERVER_ADMIN" => "you@example.com" "CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "CONTEXT_PREFIX" => "" "REQUEST_SCHEME" => "http" "DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "REMOTE_ADDR" => "172.69.58.22" "SERVER_PORT" => "80" "SERVER_ADDR" => "127.0.0.1" "SERVER_NAME" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "SERVER_SOFTWARE" => "Apache/2.4.63 (Unix) OpenSSL/1.1.1f" "SERVER_SIGNATURE" => "" "LD_LIBRARY_PATH" => "/RunCloud/Packages/apache2-rc/lib" "PATH" => "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" "HTTP_COOKIE" => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik9kZERpVWlGc0lwdWlrcCtRMWphUkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicWtPWjVQTU9mMTZCWUU1ZE9uQ1YyODJ3c2tMSi9iZE1aZVFuSWJQY2l5bEdrcFRYM1RGeG4wbWtMWHVWcGVSQW1TSG5RejM0VXUrUDF1NllWUFNCRG9uV0lHWjRyOEc4L0haemNpZjEwUUt4RVRva0pSMVY3YnhGSmRkU1dzWisiLCJtYWMiOiJmZDExOTdiOGQzYTc5NjIxNzQyZjJmMDA1Nzc5Mzg5NGRiNGY2NmVkNzZjZjgwZTM5ZWQwYjNkMzZmZmRlZTkxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6InJTVlFuRUwyWi94Ky9WS1FHWW1iWFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVS9TMFhBNDFjUFlXSmI2S0I1aEhLdGhDR3IwdlBtZ1R1Z3BDMFJMREZzZXdLUnlLV3A5NVZxNXNzRFYxUmJTYUpTVERxRGR1dW9ZcVF6RWxTOTI5RURLMW5naHVoVStYMGJ6ZFRrRjZOVCsyRjR4OU1pTEFuNWYxMFIxcVpRdVAiLCJtYWMiOiJmODA2ODNlZmNkNzMxMzU2NWU2YzgwNDVkNmYzNTVjMThlZWM4NjdmYjE4MzRhMTFlYzRlZmRmOGU5OTRhNmM5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; _pk_id.64.7c30=5cd1c37e81b427c8.1749816711.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik9kZERpVWlGc0lwdWlrcCtRMWphUkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicWtPWjVQTU9mMTZCWUU1ZE9uQ1YyODJ3c2tMSi9iZE1aZVFuSWJQY2l5bEdrcFRYM1RGeG4wbWtMWHVWcGVSQW1TSG5Re" "HTTP_CF_IPCOUNTRY" => "US" "HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP" => "216.73.216.203" "HTTP_CDN_LOOP" => "cloudflare; loops=1" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_MODE" => "navigate" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_SITE" => "none" "HTTP_ACCEPT" => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" "HTTP_USER_AGENT" => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" "HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS" => "1" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_PLATFORM" => ""Windows"" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_MOBILE" => "?0" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA" => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" "HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL" => "no-cache" "HTTP_PRAGMA" => "no-cache" "HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING" => "gzip, br" "HTTP_CF_RAY" => "94f17e461c0410f9-ORD" "HTTP_PRIORITY" => "u=0, i" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_DEST" => "document" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_USER" => "?1" "HTTP_CF_VISITOR" => "{"scheme":"https"}" "HTTP_CONNECTION" => "close" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO" => "https" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR" => "216.73.216.203, 172.69.58.22" "HTTP_X_SERVER_ADDR" => "154.12.239.204" "HTTP_HOST" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "HTTPS" => "on" "REDIRECT_STATUS" => "200" "REDIRECT_HTTPS" => "on" "FCGI_ROLE" => "RESPONDER" "PHP_SELF" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT" => 1749816715.234 "REQUEST_TIME" => 1749816715 ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "XSRF-TOKEN" => "1PSt62gssYfYIqgBI1YeIrcSjIhj0tLpgojyKAkS" "askhelpdesk_session" => "Q5OS8V8VJ75TIsVugqcz262oNWbGbQd1NadeZOVE" "_pk_id_64_7c30" => null "_pk_ses_64_7c30" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:7 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "private, must-revalidate" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Fri, 13 Jun 2025 12:11:55 GMT" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "expires" => array:1 [ 0 => -1 ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlUzRmJHbU82aHJFbmxVdzVpeHVad1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieXRzY0tRUGVRdWFBL29mTnBVQWxzZUlXWi8yaG4xaGJ2YU1vd1lwRlFKUG5uNUVYSHpXQUtQOU1kbXA3MzRidTZOWDFsUEZXRWZjbjN0RlpPL3pNZUxPZEhTUFRIMDdvakhybUdZN1R5SExJelB6cU9hU1hEUGN2RjVpU3JhdVEiLCJtYWMiOiJiYjZmNDgyY2M1YTJkNWNhYmQ1YmUwYTdiNzYzMGM5ODQ5MTY5MWM1N2Q5M2VmZmEwYjkyMGNmYjUwOTY2MDg5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 13-Jun-2025 14:11:57 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlUzRmJHbU82aHJFbmxVdzVpeHVad1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieXRzY0tRUGVRdWFBL29mTnBVQWxzZUlXWi8yaG4xaGJ2YU1vd1lwRlFKUG5uNUVYSHpXQUtQOU1kbXA3MzRidTZOWDFsU" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IjE0KzRxVm5YUktFZWJ2cHE0V0xhdWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicnZvQlVFWU1rZm1RWDcyYURqMjlXMEdka0xwK21sY2pXU3kwOUIrNzQ1TEZqTHE4cUI1czBsK2s4ckFyc2l4QzVMQzE3MnVDZDZOdEpvNkt0RjlMV2k4c3p0cnFuSnNOelN3QnpZUnJkWHJxM3ZGWU5ic2s1VldsbTBvTGh4YmkiLCJtYWMiOiJkNGY3MzE4MDVlYzUyNjI3Y2Q5MDZiOGI1ZGQ1ZDNmZTM3MzgzZDkyMDUwOTQzM2U1YWI4NmY1MjU0OTg2MmFlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 13-Jun-2025 14:11:57 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; httponly; samesite=laxaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IjE0KzRxVm5YUktFZWJ2cHE0V0xhdWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicnZvQlVFWU1rZm1RWDcyYURqMjlXMEdka0xwK21sY2pXU3kwOUIrNzQ1TEZqTHE4cUI1czBsK2s4ckFyc2l4" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlUzRmJHbU82aHJFbmxVdzVpeHVad1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieXRzY0tRUGVRdWFBL29mTnBVQWxzZUlXWi8yaG4xaGJ2YU1vd1lwRlFKUG5uNUVYSHpXQUtQOU1kbXA3MzRidTZOWDFsUEZXRWZjbjN0RlpPL3pNZUxPZEhTUFRIMDdvakhybUdZN1R5SExJelB6cU9hU1hEUGN2RjVpU3JhdVEiLCJtYWMiOiJiYjZmNDgyY2M1YTJkNWNhYmQ1YmUwYTdiNzYzMGM5ODQ5MTY5MWM1N2Q5M2VmZmEwYjkyMGNmYjUwOTY2MDg5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 13-Jun-2025 14:11:57 GMT; path=/XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlUzRmJHbU82aHJFbmxVdzVpeHVad1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieXRzY0tRUGVRdWFBL29mTnBVQWxzZUlXWi8yaG4xaGJ2YU1vd1lwRlFKUG5uNUVYSHpXQUtQOU1kbXA3MzRidTZOWDFsU" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IjE0KzRxVm5YUktFZWJ2cHE0V0xhdWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicnZvQlVFWU1rZm1RWDcyYURqMjlXMEdka0xwK21sY2pXU3kwOUIrNzQ1TEZqTHE4cUI1czBsK2s4ckFyc2l4QzVMQzE3MnVDZDZOdEpvNkt0RjlMV2k4c3p0cnFuSnNOelN3QnpZUnJkWHJxM3ZGWU5ic2s1VldsbTBvTGh4YmkiLCJtYWMiOiJkNGY3MzE4MDVlYzUyNjI3Y2Q5MDZiOGI1ZGQ1ZDNmZTM3MzgzZDkyMDUwOTQzM2U1YWI4NmY1MjU0OTg2MmFlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 13-Jun-2025 14:11:57 GMT; path=/; httponlyaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IjE0KzRxVm5YUktFZWJ2cHE0V0xhdWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicnZvQlVFWU1rZm1RWDcyYURqMjlXMEdka0xwK21sY2pXU3kwOUIrNzQ1TEZqTHE4cUI1czBsK2s4ckFyc2l4" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "_token" => "1PSt62gssYfYIqgBI1YeIrcSjIhj0tLpgojyKAkS" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/carbon-dioxide-ionic-or-covalent" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]