Receiving Helpdesk

calcutta university economics syllabus

by Nathaniel Lindgren Published 3 years ago Updated 3 years ago

Is there a BA/BSc Economics at the University of Calcutta?

UNIVERSITY OF CALCUTTA, UNDER CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM [AS ON 24-05-2018] To be effective from the academic session 2018-19 Preamble • As the subject Economics falls under both BA and BSc two types of structures are proposed for BA/BSc Economics (General).

What is the CBCS syllabus for Economics 2018?

Economics : CBCS Syllabus 2018 SEM CORE 1. HECCR1011T Introductory Microeconomics HECCR1021T Mathematical Methods in Econo ... 2. HECCR2031T Introductory Macroeconomics HECCR2041T Mathematical Methods in Econo ... 10 more rows ...

What are the generic elective papers (courses) for Economics (Honours)?

(i) The four Generic Elective papers (courses) for Economics (Honours) students will be from any two subjects other than Economics with the condition that Mathematics is to be one of the Generic Elective Subjects for Economics(Honours) students.

What is the best book on mathematical economics?

• Alpha C. Chiang and Kavin Wainwright : Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics, Mc Graw Hill, 2005. References 1. K. Sydsaeter and P. Hammond, Mathematics for Economic Analysis, Pearson Educational Asia: Delhi, 2002.

What is the syllabus of BA economics?

income, expenditure and the circular flow; real versus nominal GDP; price indices; national income accounting for an open economy; balance of payments: current and capital accounts. Functions of money; quantity theory of money; determination of money supply and demand; credit creation; tools of monetary policy.

Is maths compulsory for economics Honours in Calcutta University?

No, it is not compulsory to have Mathematics in 10+2 for pursuing Economics Hons. in future. You can pursue B.Sc (Hons.) in Economics which requires only Science stream after 10+2.

What is the syllabus of Calcutta University?

Political Science ( honours & General) Environmental Science ( honours & General) Computer Science ( honours & General) Bio-Chemistry (General)...Notification No. CSR / 91 / 10.SL. No.SubjectCourse20BotanyHonours & General21Human DevelopmentHonours & General22MicrobiologyHonours23SociologyHonours & General32 more rows

What are the subjects in economic?

Economics is studied in two main strands: Microeconomics is the study of how individual parties (people, groups, and businesses) use their wealth. Macroeconomics looks at entire economies. The unemployment, inflation, and monetary challenges of cities, countries, and continents.

What is the pass marks in Calcutta University?

A candidate is required to appear (in examination) in each and every paper / course / module / part / group of the respective syllabus. A candidate in order to be declared to have passed an examination, must obtain at least 40% marks (including Internal Assessment) in each paper / course.

Is there any scope in economics without maths?

You don't require maths in most of the universities for doing BA in Economics and also postgraduation. You can also take Economics with combinations of other subjects and that can also give you many choices to land up jobs in different fields!

How many subjects are there in BCOM?

There are 4 subjects in total in the B Com V semester. Out of which, 5 are common and the 6th subject is selected among the 4 optional subjects.

What is BCOM Cbcs?

Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) provides choice for students to select from the prescribed courses. Under the CBCS, the requirement for awarding a Degree is prescribed in terms of number of Credits to be completed by the students. 1.1. OBJECTIVES.

What are the subjects in B Com 1st year?

SUBJECTS IN B.COM SEMESTER IEnvironmental Studies.English.Second Language.Financial Accounting –I.Business Economics & Business Organization.Information Technology.

Is economics hard to study?

Even though economics is a social science, it can be as difficult and demanding as any of the more challenging academic subjects, including math, chemistry, etc. To do well in economics requires time, dedication, and good study habits.

Is economics BA or BSc better?

There is no major academic difference between the two. "The distinction is not in real terms and a BSc (Hons) Economics is more an offshoot of the British colonial system of education," says Ranjan Nag, associate professor, St Xavier's College, Kolkata, which offers BSc (Honours).

Is economics an easy degree?

Economics is a hard major. Economics is considered to be one of the most difficult commerce degrees. Economics is a mix of many subjects including mathematics, business, accounts, psychology and sociology. Other STEM majors such as engineering and mathematics are harder than economics.

Syllabus - University of Calcutta

U.G. Syllabus : Compulsory English & Alternative English. Notification No. CSR / 91 / 10. It is notified for the general information of all concerned that in terms of the provisions of section 54 of the Calcutta University Act, 1979 (as amended), and, on the recommendation of the UG Boards of Studies Concerned and the council for UG studies in Arts, Science, etc, dt. 11.06.2010 (Item No. 02 ...

CBCS SYLLABUS - University of Calcutta

6 Structure of B.A (Hons. ) History Course under CBCS HIS-A-CC-1-14 TH &TU Paper 1 SEM -1: History of India (From the Earliest times to C 300 BCE) . Paper 2 . SEM-1: Social Formations and Cultural Patterns of the Ancient World other than India

The University of Calcutta

SL. Title Dated; 001: Theoretical Programme Schedule for Undergraduate Semester II & Semester IV Examinations, 2022: Jun 11 2022: 002: Extension of online form submission for the B.A./B.Sc./B.Com. Semester-VI (Honours/General/Major) Examination, 2022 (Under CBCS) & B.A./B.Sc./B.Com.Part-III (Honours/General/Major) Examination, 2022 (Under 1+1+1 System)

What is the syllabus for Calcutta University?

The syllabus for Calcutta University admission 2020 is one of the most important aspects for the semester exams. The university has made the syllabus available for all the under graduate and post graduate courses in online mode on the official website.

Can you use the syllabus for semester exams?

Candidates must note that the syllabus will be made available only for the semester exams.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
8.3.21PHP Version12.94sRequest Duration2MBMemory UsageGET {post}Route
  • warninglog[10:20:49] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[10:20:49] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[10:20:49] LOG.warning: Callables of the form ["Swift_SmtpTransport", "Swift_Transport_EsmtpTranspor...
  • warninglog[10:20:49] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[10:20:49] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[10:20:49] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[10:20:49] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[10:20:49] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[10:20:49] LOG.warning: mt_rand(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($max) of type int is deprecated in ...
  • Booting (15.35ms)
  • Application (12.92s)
  • 1 x Application (99.88%)
    12.92s
    1 x Booting (0.12%)
    15.35ms
    7 templates were rendered
    • themes.DevBlog.content.post (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/content/post.blade.php)34blade
      Params
      0
      post
      1
      postContent
      2
      author
      3
      updated_at
      4
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      5
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      6
      bing_related_keywords
      7
      google_related_keywords
      8
      bing_news_title
      9
      bing_news_description
      10
      bing_videos
      11
      bing_images
      12
      bing_search_result_title
      13
      bing_search_result_description
      14
      bing_search_result_url
      15
      bing_paa_questions
      16
      bing_paa_answers
      17
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      18
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      19
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      20
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      21
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      22
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      23
      google_faq_questions
      24
      google_faq_answers
      25
      google_rich_snippet
      26
      google_search_result
      27
      indexedArray
      28
      total_images
      29
      total_videos
      30
      settings
      31
      url_current
      32
      menus
      33
      sidebar
    • themes.DevBlog.layouts.master (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/layouts/master.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.head (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/head.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.header (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/header.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.navbar (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/navbar.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.footer (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/footer.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.scripts (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/scripts.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    uri
    GET {post}
    middleware
    web, checkdate
    as
    post.show
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\Frontend\json_data\PostController@show
    namespace
    where
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/json_data/PostController.php:18-166
    7 statements were executed12.91s
    • select * from `posts` where `published_at` <= '2025-07-09 10:20:49' and `slug` = 'calcutta-university-economics-syllabus' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      2.32ms/app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 2025-07-09 10:20:49
      • 1. calcutta-university-economics-syllabus
      Backtrace
      • 15. /app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:842
      • 19. Route binding:39
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:78
    • select * from `json_post_contents` where `json_post_contents`.`post_id` = 37378 and `json_post_contents`.`post_id` is not null and `rewrite_id` = 0
      4.57msmiddleware::checkdate:30receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 37378
      • 1. 0
      Backtrace
      • 19. middleware::checkdate:30
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/jetstream/src/Http/Middleware/ShareInertiaData.php:61
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
    • select * from `nova_menu_menus` where `slug` = 'header' limit 1
      470μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. header
      Backtrace
      • 15. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` = 1 and `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` is not null and `parent_id` is null order by `parent_id` asc, `order` asc, `name` asc
      360μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 1
      Backtrace
      • 19. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 20. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`parent_id` in (1) order by `order` asc
      410μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Backtrace
      • 24. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 25. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select `id`, `post_title`, `slug` from `posts` where `status` = 'publish' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 10
      12.88s/app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. publish
      Backtrace
      • 14. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22
      • 15. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:12
      • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177
    • select * from `fake_users` where `fake_users`.`id` = 3232 limit 1
      15.03msview::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 3232
      Backtrace
      • 21. view::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:108
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 25. /vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
      • 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:61
    App\Models\FakeUser
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\MenuItem
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\Menu
    1
    App\Models\JsonPostContent
    1
    App\Models\Post
    11
        _token
        gLEGeLyrVqt2KQ86CEWq8FYyQTiSt1QF8F2GwHD6
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/calcutta-university-economics-syllabus" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /calcutta-university-economics-syllabus
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:24 [ "cf-ipcountry" => array:1 [ 0 => "US" ] "cf-connecting-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.181" ] "cdn-loop" => array:1 [ 0 => "cloudflare; loops=1" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "cf-ray" => array:1 [ 0 => "95c533e16d811910-ORD" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, br" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "cf-visitor" => array:1 [ 0 => "{"scheme":"https"}" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "close" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.181, 172.69.7.29" ] "x-server-addr" => array:1 [ 0 => "154.12.239.204" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "receivinghelpdesk.com" ] ]
        request_server
        0 of 0
        array:55 [ "USER" => "runcloud" "HOME" => "/home/runcloud" "SCRIPT_NAME" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_URI" => "/ask/calcutta-university-economics-syllabus" "QUERY_STRING" => "" "REQUEST_METHOD" => "GET" "SERVER_PROTOCOL" => "HTTP/1.0" "GATEWAY_INTERFACE" => "CGI/1.1" "REDIRECT_URL" => "/ask/calcutta-university-economics-syllabus" "REMOTE_PORT" => "34552" "SCRIPT_FILENAME" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/ask/index.php" "SERVER_ADMIN" => "you@example.com" "CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "CONTEXT_PREFIX" => "" "REQUEST_SCHEME" => "http" "DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "REMOTE_ADDR" => "172.69.7.29" "SERVER_PORT" => "80" "SERVER_ADDR" => "127.0.0.1" "SERVER_NAME" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "SERVER_SOFTWARE" => "Apache/2.4.63 (Unix) OpenSSL/1.1.1f" "SERVER_SIGNATURE" => "" "LD_LIBRARY_PATH" => "/RunCloud/Packages/apache2-rc/lib" "PATH" => "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" "HTTP_CF_IPCOUNTRY" => "US" "HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP" => "216.73.216.181" "HTTP_CDN_LOOP" => "cloudflare; loops=1" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_SITE" => "none" "HTTP_ACCEPT" => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" "HTTP_USER_AGENT" => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" "HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS" => "1" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_PLATFORM" => ""Windows"" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_MOBILE" => "?0" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA" => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" "HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL" => "no-cache" "HTTP_PRAGMA" => "no-cache" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_DEST" => "document" "HTTP_CF_RAY" => "95c533e16d811910-ORD" "HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING" => "gzip, br" "HTTP_PRIORITY" => "u=0, i" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_USER" => "?1" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_MODE" => "navigate" "HTTP_CF_VISITOR" => "{"scheme":"https"}" "HTTP_CONNECTION" => "close" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO" => "https" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR" => "216.73.216.181, 172.69.7.29" "HTTP_X_SERVER_ADDR" => "154.12.239.204" "HTTP_HOST" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "HTTPS" => "on" "REDIRECT_STATUS" => "200" "REDIRECT_HTTPS" => "on" "FCGI_ROLE" => "RESPONDER" "PHP_SELF" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT" => 1752036649.3007 "REQUEST_TIME" => 1752036649 ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:7 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "private, must-revalidate" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Wed, 09 Jul 2025 04:50:49 GMT" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "expires" => array:1 [ 0 => -1 ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImtBZk91b1YrTDMxVXhnMUVlT2twNkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidjF1QytRQWRQRlhidGVXMmRXajVnY3dYc0d5S1NyR3J2R1hUSmxWaGk2dC96dW4wSStENHJNaUJjZy8rc2srSlRPOEk5N0t6TGVEQWlWVCs1dklreU1JeW10RXQ3czhONGpRUUtPV2dySy9GZmlGcnNhTW5ibDFnU3h0OVoxcXEiLCJtYWMiOiI5ZTdlZTg1NzdlNGFiZTBmNmVjMjJkOTA1OWZmYjZmY2RiZjE2OTQ5ZThkOGQwZDQ1N2VjYzk1MDA1YTdkN2NmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 09-Jul-2025 06:51:02 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImtBZk91b1YrTDMxVXhnMUVlT2twNkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidjF1QytRQWRQRlhidGVXMmRXajVnY3dYc0d5S1NyR3J2R1hUSmxWaGk2dC96dW4wSStENHJNaUJjZy8rc2srSlRPOEk5N" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6Ill4ZE9wVzNPZC9DampvMTM3aG5MdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMnM4N2Q3MkRyMUVmc2tIUytHOGlKNUxQYVFxdDRNR2NKQXUraDhlak1TV1hEOWRGUE9jVWNTUFVPUXpiaVMwVFpYOWNkSUZ6OHBJVTU2ZVYwMHZseFloRW5mSUltRUJTdlJnL21HRVRSZzV6VjlmL2M3bXcwZXVHWmJKS0tLclYiLCJtYWMiOiJiNzFkYWQ0MWIyYjY0ZTIwMDZjN2Q2YjE2NGQ2N2MwNjY3ZDVhZGI1YjRlZGRjYzljMGRiOTQ5YTFjYmQ1MGFiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 09-Jul-2025 06:51:02 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; httponly; samesite=laxaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6Ill4ZE9wVzNPZC9DampvMTM3aG5MdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMnM4N2Q3MkRyMUVmc2tIUytHOGlKNUxQYVFxdDRNR2NKQXUraDhlak1TV1hEOWRGUE9jVWNTUFVPUXpiaVMw" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImtBZk91b1YrTDMxVXhnMUVlT2twNkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidjF1QytRQWRQRlhidGVXMmRXajVnY3dYc0d5S1NyR3J2R1hUSmxWaGk2dC96dW4wSStENHJNaUJjZy8rc2srSlRPOEk5N0t6TGVEQWlWVCs1dklreU1JeW10RXQ3czhONGpRUUtPV2dySy9GZmlGcnNhTW5ibDFnU3h0OVoxcXEiLCJtYWMiOiI5ZTdlZTg1NzdlNGFiZTBmNmVjMjJkOTA1OWZmYjZmY2RiZjE2OTQ5ZThkOGQwZDQ1N2VjYzk1MDA1YTdkN2NmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 09-Jul-2025 06:51:02 GMT; path=/XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImtBZk91b1YrTDMxVXhnMUVlT2twNkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidjF1QytRQWRQRlhidGVXMmRXajVnY3dYc0d5S1NyR3J2R1hUSmxWaGk2dC96dW4wSStENHJNaUJjZy8rc2srSlRPOEk5N" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6Ill4ZE9wVzNPZC9DampvMTM3aG5MdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMnM4N2Q3MkRyMUVmc2tIUytHOGlKNUxQYVFxdDRNR2NKQXUraDhlak1TV1hEOWRGUE9jVWNTUFVPUXpiaVMwVFpYOWNkSUZ6OHBJVTU2ZVYwMHZseFloRW5mSUltRUJTdlJnL21HRVRSZzV6VjlmL2M3bXcwZXVHWmJKS0tLclYiLCJtYWMiOiJiNzFkYWQ0MWIyYjY0ZTIwMDZjN2Q2YjE2NGQ2N2MwNjY3ZDVhZGI1YjRlZGRjYzljMGRiOTQ5YTFjYmQ1MGFiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 09-Jul-2025 06:51:02 GMT; path=/; httponlyaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6Ill4ZE9wVzNPZC9DampvMTM3aG5MdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMnM4N2Q3MkRyMUVmc2tIUytHOGlKNUxQYVFxdDRNR2NKQXUraDhlak1TV1hEOWRGUE9jVWNTUFVPUXpiaVMw" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "_token" => "gLEGeLyrVqt2KQ86CEWq8FYyQTiSt1QF8F2GwHD6" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/calcutta-university-economics-syllabus" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]