What are the pregnancy warnings for bismuth subsalicylate?
Bismuth subsalicylate Pregnancy Warnings. US FDA pregnancy category: Not assigned Animal studies are inadequate. There are no controlled data in human pregnancy. Bismuth subsalicylate lacks reports of adverse fetal outcomes; however salicylates may cause congenital defects, increased perinatal mortality from ductus arteriosus in utero,...
What is bismuth subsalicylate?
Bismuth Subsalicylate is a bismuth salt of salicylic acid. Little absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, bismuth subsalicylate exerts a local effect on the gastric mucosa, coating it and protecting it from the corrosive effects of acid and pepsin. This agent also has local antimicrobial properties. (NCI04)
Is Pepto-Bismol safe to take during pregnancy?
The active ingredient in Pepto-Bismol is a type of drug called a subsalicylate, which is a bismuth salt of salicylic acid. The risk of problems from salicylates is thought to be small. However, there is no definitive clinical research on subsalicylates in pregnant women.
Why are alternatives to salicylates used in the treatment of breastmilk?
Because of the possibility of absorption of salicylate from the breastmilk by the infant, alternatives are preferred.[1] Because of the possibility of absorption of salicylate from the breastmilk by the infant, alternatives are preferred.[1] NCBI Skip to main content Skip to navigation Resources
See more
Is bismuth subsalicylate safe during pregnancy?
The active ingredient in Pepto-Bismol is bismuth subsalicylate. According to a 2014 review in American Family Physician, you should avoid taking Pepto-Bismol during the second and third trimesters of your pregnancy. This is because it raises your risk of bleeding problems when you take it closer to delivery.
What is category B in pregnancy?
Category B Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
Can you take Pepto-Bismol while pregnant first trimester?
Some of the over-the-counter medicines that increase the chances of birth defects are: Bismuth subsalicylate (such as Pepto-Bismol). Phenylephrine or pseudoephedrine, which are decongestants. Avoid medicines with these ingredients during the first trimester.
What is a Category C drug when pregnant?
Category C: Studies in animals have revealed adverse effects on the fetus and there are no controlled studies in women, or studies in women and animals are not available. Drugs from this class can be given to pregnant women if the benefit to the mother outweighs the risk to the fetus.
What does FDA pregnancy category C mean?
Category C Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.
What medicine can a pregnant woman take for stomach pain?
Over-the-Counter Medications Safe to Take During PregnancyAntacids (Tums, Rolaids, Mylanta, Maalox, Pepcid, Prevacid)Simethicone (Gas-X, Mylicon for gas pain, Gaviscon)Immodium or BRAT diet (bananas, rice, applesauce, toast or tea) for diarrhea.
What can I take to settle my stomach while pregnant?
Every few hours, eat small meals or snacks that are easy to get down, like a handful of nuts or a few crackers. Speaking of crackers — bland, starchy foods can help soak up gastric acid and settle the stomach, so keep some on hand.
What is the best anti nausea medication for pregnancy?
Meclizine (Antivert), diphenhydramine (Benadryl), and dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) all help relieve pregnancy-related nausea. A review of over 35 studies found these antihistamines to be safe. And, studies have found that they're better than placebo at treating nausea in pregnancy.
What does Category A mean in pregnancy?
A system of classifying drugs according to their established risks for use during pregnancy. Category A: Controlled human studies have demonstrated no fetal risk.
What drugs are in category A?
Category A DrugsThiamine, Pyridoxine, Folic acid.Docusate, Senna, Bisacodyl.Dextromethorphan.Doxylamine.Levothyroxine.Isoniazid.
What is bismuth subsalicylate?
Bismuth Subsalicylate is a bismuth salt of salicylic acid. Little absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, bismuth subsalicylate exerts a local effect on the gastric mucosa, coating it and protecting it from the corrosive effects of acid and pepsin. This agent also has local antimicrobial properties.
Why does bismuth cause black tongue?
It can also cause a black tongue and black stools in some users of the drug, when it combines with trace amounts of sulfur in their saliva and gastrointestinal tract.
Does bismuth subsalicylate inhibit synthesis of prostaglandins?
As an antidiarrheal, the exact mechanism has not been determined. Bismuth subsalicylate may exert its antidiarrheal action not only by stimulating absorption of fluid and electrolytes across the intestinal wall (antisecretory action) but also, when hydrolyzed to salicylic acid, by inhibiting synthesis of a prostaglandin responsible for intestinal inflammation and hypermotility. In addition, bismuth subsalicylate binds toxins produced by Escherichia coli. Both bismuth subsalicylate and the intestinal reaction products, bismuth oxychloride and bismuth hydroxide, are believed to have bactericidal action. As an antacid, bismuth has weak antacid properties.
Is bismuth oxychloride hydrolyzed?
Based on in vitro dissociation data and in vivo animal data, bismuth subsalicylate is believed to be largely hydrolyzed in the stomach to bismuth oxychloride and salicylic acid. In the small intestine, nondissociated bismuth subsalicylate reacts with other anions ( bicarbonate and phosphate) to form insoluble bismuth salts. In the colon, nondissociated bismuth subsalicylate and other bismuth salts react with hydrogen sulfide to produce bismuth sulfide, a highly insoluble black salt responsible for the darkening of the stools.
Can bismuth be used during pregnancy?
Although the risk for toxicity may be small, significant fetal adverse effects have resulted from chronic exposure to salicylates Because of this, the use of bismuth subsalicyate during gestation should be restricted to the first half of pregnancy and then only in amounts that do not exceed the recommended doses .
Can miscellaneous agents cause diarrhea?
Miscellaneous agents found useful in the symptomatic treatment of diarrhea. They have no effect on the agent (s) that cause diarrhea, but merely alleviate the condition. (See all compounds classified as Antidiarrheals .)
Is Bismuth sulfate stable in water?
BISMUTH SUBSALICYLATE is stable in air but is sensitive to light. It is unstable in alkaline solutions. This compound decomposes in boiling water and alkalis into a more basic salt. (NTP, 1992)
Why is Pepto Bismol restricted?
For this reason, many doctors restrict the use of Pepto-Bismol during the third trimester, as they want to reduce any bleeding risks during delivery. Also, birth abnormalities that impact a developing baby’s heart are known to be the result of salicylates.
Can you take Pepto Bismol with breast milk?
According to the U.S. National Library of Medicine, it may be better to avoid Pepto-Bismol when breastfeeding, as it is possible that breast milk can absorb salicylate.
Can Pepto Bismol cross the placenta?
However, many medications can cross the placenta, making them unsafe during pregnancy. This article will explore the safety and risks of using Pepto-Bismol during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as suggest other drug groups that may help relieve an upset stomach.
Is Pepto Bismol safe for pregnancy?
While Pepto-Bismol is shown to be safe for most people, scientists cannot say for sure that it is safe during pregnancy. Pepto-Bismol is a compound called bismuth subsalicylate. This medication has several effects: It is an anti-inflammatory that reduces inflammation of the stomach lining, which may help to relieve an upset stomach.
Is Pepto Bismol safe for breastfeeding?
Outlook. Pepto-Bismol is not a well-researched medication in regard to safety during pregnancy. As a result, people may wish to avoid this drug when they are pregnant and breastfeeding. If someone has concerns about taking any medication during pregnancy or when breastfeeding, they should talk to their doctor.
Can you take salicylates while pregnant?
Birth abnormalities from salicylates are more common when people take them for a long time, or when they take more than the recommended amount . People may prefer to avoid Pepto-Bismol during pregnancy as several alternative medications have proven to treat the same problem.
Does Pepto Bismol cause heartburn?
It slows the movement of the stomach, which can help reduce cramping and discomfort associated with diarrhea. It reduces acid in a person’s stomach and coats the throat, which can help relieve mild heartburn. There is little evidence that Pepto-Bismol causes harmful side effects during pregnancy, though there is little research to say ...
What is the active ingredient in Pepto Bismol?
The active ingredient in Pepto-Bismol is a type of drug called a subsalicylate, which is a bismuth salt of salicylic acid. The risk of problems from salicylates is thought to be small. However, there is no definitive clinical research on subsalicylates in pregnant women.
Is Pepto Bismol safe to take?
Even though Pepto-Bismol is an over-the-counter drug, it’s still important to question its safety. The active ingredient in Pepto-Bismol is bismuth subsalicylate. According to a 2014 review in American Family Physician, you should avoid taking Pepto-Bismol during the second and third trimesters of your pregnancy.
Is Pepto Bismol safe for pregnant women?
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not assigned a pregnancy category to Pepto-Bismol. This means that it isn’t known for sure if Pepto-Bismol is safe for use in pregnant women, leading most experts to say it should be avoided.
Does Pepto Bismol help with gas?
Diarrhea, nausea, heartburn are unpleasant. Pepto-Bismol can be used to help relieve these and other digestive problems, including upset stomach, gas, and feeling overly full after eating. If you’re pregnant, chances are you’re all too familiar with these types of digestive upset.
What is the reaction between bismuth subsalicylate and hydrogen sulfide?
Colon: BiOCl, bismuth subcarbonate, bismuth phosphate, and undissociated bismuth subsalicylate react with hydrogen sulfide (produced by colonic anaerobes) to form black bismuth sulfide, which is responsible for harmless darkening of stool and/or tongue. Liver: Salicylate is extensively metabolized in liver.
Can bismuth cause black stool?
Bismuth subcitrate potassium may cause temporary and harmless darkening of tongue and/or black stools, generally reversible within several days after treatment stopped; stool darkening should not be confused with melena
Actions
Hydrolyzed in GI tract to salicylate, which is believed to inhibit synthesis of prostaglandins responsible for GI hypermotility and inflammation.
Therapeutic Effects
Effectiveness as an antidiarrheal also appears to be due to direct antimicrobial action and to an antisecretory effect on intestinal secretions exposed to toxins particularly of Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae .
Uses
Prophylaxis and treatment of traveler's diarrhea (turista) and for temporary relief of indigestion.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to aspirin or other salicylates; concurrent use with aspirin; use for more than 2 d in presence of high fever or in children <3 y unless prescribed by physician; chicken pox or flu.
Cautious Use
Diabetes and gout; concurrent use with salicylates and anticoagulants; pregnancy (category C), lactation.
Administration
Ensure chewable tablets are chewed or crushed before being swallowed and followed with at least 8 oz water or other liquid.
Diagnostic Test Interference
Because bismuth subsalicylate is radiopaque, it may interfere with radiographic studies of GI tract.
What is the frequency of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy?
Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) most commonly affects women in their first trimester. The frequency of NVP may be variable as up to 85% and 50% of pregnant women experience nausea and vomiting, respectively. 1 Although often referred to as morning sickness, NVP can occur at any time during the day.
What is the best medicine for gas in pregnant women?
Gas in pregnant women can be treated with nonprescription medications. Some products that contain simethicone, a common treatment for gas, include Gas-X, Phazyme, Mylanta Gas Softgels, and Mylicon drops. This OTC medication relieves gas in the stomach and intestine by reducing the surface tension of gas bubbles.
What is a stimulant laxative?
Stimulant laxatives may be reserved for patients whose symptoms do not improve with nonpharmacologic treatment and bulk-forming laxatives or docusate. Their use should be infrequent, not habitual. The most common stimulant laxatives are bisacodyl and senna, which are pregnancy category C.
What is bulk forming laxative?
Bulk-Forming Laxatives. Bulk-forming laxatives are advised for use in pregnancy, but most are pregnancy category C. This recommendation is based on their limited systemic absorption and good safety profile. Three common bulk-forming laxatives are available for general use: methylcellulose, polycarbophil, and psyllium.
Can pregnant women take OTC?
Pregnant women represent a challenging population to treat with both OTC and prescription medications. Well-designed, prospective studies are seldom conducted in pregnant women, and the safety and efficacy of drug therapy is often unclear ( Table 1 ). Therefore, health care practitioners have only modest guidance on what medications are safe ...
Is petrolatum safe for pregnancy?
Several protectant products (e.g., petrolatum) are available and prevent further skin damage by providing a barrier against moisture. Petrolatum has poor absorption and is considered safe in pregnancy. 29 Astringents such as witch hazel can sting, which may also exacerbate underlying symptoms.
Can diarrhea cause nausea during pregnancy?
Patients with acute diarrhea present with increased bowel movements. Acute diarrhea may also present with abrupt onset of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, fever, chills, and malaise.