Receiving Helpdesk

are polynomials closed under addition

by Mrs. Aubrey O'Kon Published 4 years ago Updated 2 years ago

Understand that polynomials form a system analogous to the integers, namely, they are closed under the operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication; add, subtract, and multiply polynomials.

Full Answer

Are all integers closed under addition?

So, integers are closed under addition. So, if we add any two numbers, we get an integer. So, it is closed. Subtraction. 3 – 5 = –2. –2 is an integer. Also, –1 – 0 = –1.

Are composite numbers closed under addition?

contains x= 1, and it is closed under addition and subtraction, by Lemma 4. Hence every integer xbelongs to A. Now let xby any integer not divisible by n. The fact that x2Ameans that njxn x= x(xn 1 1). Since nis prime and xis indivisible by n, this implies njx n 1 1, i.e. x 1 (mod n): De nition 2. Let nbe a composite number. If n- xand xn 1 6 1 (mod n), we say

Are the natural numbers closed under addition?

The natural numbers are “closed” under addition and multiplication. A set is closed (under an operation) if and only if the operation on any two elements of the set produces another element of the same set. The division of two natural numbers does NOT necessarily create another natural number (1 ÷ 2 = ½).

Is the set of odd numbers closed under addition?

Is the set of odd numbers closed under the simple operations + − × ÷? Adding? 3 + 7 = 10 but 10 is even, not odd, so no Subtracting? 11 − 3 = 8 but 8 is even, not odd, so no

Are polynomials closed under addition example?

Polynomials form a system similar to the system of integers, in that polynomials are closed under the operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication.

What does it mean when polynomials are closed under addition?

4:166:43The Closure Property for Polynomials - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipSo we will say that polynomials are closed with respect to addition because you can add any twoMoreSo we will say that polynomials are closed with respect to addition because you can add any two polynomials. And you'll get a polynomial for the sum. And subtraction is the same because remember all

Are polynomial closed under division?

Definition of a Polynomial: An expression that can contain exponents, variables, and constants, but cannot include division by a variable, an exponent not in the set (0, 1, 2, 3, etc...) or an infinite number of terms.Nov 12, 2014

What are polynomials in math?

Polynomials are sums of terms of the form k⋅xⁿ, where k is any number and n is a positive integer. For example, 3x+2x-5 is a polynomial. Introduction to polynomials. This video covers common terminology like terms, degree, standard form, monomial, binomial and trinomial.

Which expression is not a polynomial?

Polynomials cannot contain fractional exponents. Terms containing fractional exponents (such as 3x+2y1/2-1) are not considered polynomials. Polynomials cannot contain radicals. For example, 2y2 +√3x + 4 is not a polynomial.Apr 15, 2021

What is the sum of the polynomials?

A polynomial is a sum of some powers of a certain variable, with some coefficient to multiply each power. Summing two polynomials simply means to sum the coefficients of the same powers, if this situations occour.Jul 26, 2020

What does it mean to be closed under addition?

Being closed under addition means that if we took any vectors x1 and x2 and added them together, their sum would also be in that vector space. Being closed under scalar multiplication means that vectors in a vector space, when multiplied by a scalar (any real number), it still belongs to the same vector space.

What is the system of polynomials?

Polynomials form a system similar to the system of integers, in that polynomials are closed under the operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication. CLOSURE: Polynomials will be closed under an operation if the operation produces another polynomial. Polynomials are closed under addition.

How to check a polynomial division?

When checking polynomial division, you multiply the quotient by the divisor. The quotient will be a polynomial (with or without a remainder). Multiplying this polynomial by the polynomial divisor, we get a polynomial in which the exponents and coefficients have changed. Thus polynomials are closed under addition.

Can you divide a polynomial with a negative exponent?

Polynomials are not closed under division. When you divide polynomials it is possible to get quotients with negative exponents or with fractions that have exponents in the denominator, and neither of these could be included in polynomials.

When will polynomials be closed?

CLOSURE: Polynomials will be closed under an operation if the operation produces another polynomial.

What does polynomial mean?

polynomial- one or more terms: polynomial means "many", but it can also be one term.

What is the degree of a polynomial?

The degree of a polynomial is the highest degree of its terms. Example: 3x2 + 4x + 1 has a degree of 2; x3 - x2 + 5x - 2 has a degree of 3. The standard form of a polynomial is when all like terms are combined and the degrees are arranged in descending order. Polynomial: 2 x + 3 x5 + 4 x3 - 8. Standard form: 3x5 + 4x3 + 2x - 8.

What is MathBitsNotebook Algebra 1?

MathBitsNotebook Algebra 1 CCSS Lessons and Practice is free site for students (and teachers) studying a first year of high school algebra.

What are the two terms of a monomial?

monomial. one term: 12, 4 x, x2, -5 xy. binomial. two terms: 2 x - 1, x2 - 4. trinomial. three terms: x2 + 2 x + 1. polynomial - one or more terms: polynomial means " many ", but it can also be one term. The ending of these words "nomial". is Greek for "part".

What is the leading term in a polynomial?

The leading term in a polynomial is the term of highest degree.

When subtracting polynomials, do the variables and their exponents change?

When subtracting polynomials, the variables and their exponents do not change. Only their coefficients will possibly change. This guarantees that the difference has variables and exponents which are already classified as belonging to polynomials. Polynomials are closed under subtraction.

How many terms are in a divisor?

There will usually be at least two terms in the divisor. When we multiply the quotient by this, we will use the distributive property, multiplying the entire quotient by each term of the divisor. When this process is finished, we will need to add the polynomials we had from multiplying them together. Doing this, we get a polynomial answer in which the coefficients have changed. Thus polynomials are closed under addition.

Is a quotient a polynomial?

The quotient will be a polynomial (with or without a remainder). Multiplying this polynomial by the polynomial divisor, we get a polynomial in which the exponents and coefficients have changed. Thus polynomials are closed under multiplication.

image
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
8.3.21PHP Version4.34sRequest Duration2MBMemory UsageGET {post}Route
  • warninglog[05:00:07] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[05:00:07] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[05:00:07] LOG.warning: Callables of the form ["Swift_SmtpTransport", "Swift_Transport_EsmtpTranspor...
  • warninglog[05:00:07] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[05:00:07] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[05:00:07] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[05:00:07] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[05:00:07] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[05:00:07] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • Booting (25.33ms)
  • Application (4.32s)
  • 1 x Application (99.41%)
    4.32s
    1 x Booting (0.58%)
    25.33ms
    7 templates were rendered
    • themes.DevBlog.content.post (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/content/post.blade.php)34blade
      Params
      0
      post
      1
      postContent
      2
      author
      3
      updated_at
      4
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      5
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      6
      bing_related_keywords
      7
      google_related_keywords
      8
      bing_news_title
      9
      bing_news_description
      10
      bing_videos
      11
      bing_images
      12
      bing_search_result_title
      13
      bing_search_result_description
      14
      bing_search_result_url
      15
      bing_paa_questions
      16
      bing_paa_answers
      17
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      18
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      19
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      20
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      21
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      22
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      23
      google_faq_questions
      24
      google_faq_answers
      25
      google_rich_snippet
      26
      google_search_result
      27
      indexedArray
      28
      total_images
      29
      total_videos
      30
      settings
      31
      url_current
      32
      menus
      33
      sidebar
    • themes.DevBlog.layouts.master (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/layouts/master.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.head (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/head.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.header (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/header.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.navbar (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/navbar.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.footer (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/footer.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.scripts (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/scripts.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    uri
    GET {post}
    middleware
    web, checkdate
    as
    post.show
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\Frontend\json_data\PostController@show
    namespace
    where
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/json_data/PostController.php:18-166
    7 statements were executed4.29s
    • select * from `posts` where `published_at` <= '2025-06-21 05:00:07' and `slug` = 'are-polynomials-closed-under-addition' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      3.14ms/app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 2025-06-21 05:00:07
      • 1. are-polynomials-closed-under-addition
      Backtrace
      • 15. /app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:842
      • 19. Route binding:39
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:78
    • select * from `json_post_contents` where `json_post_contents`.`post_id` = 153366 and `json_post_contents`.`post_id` is not null and `rewrite_id` = 0
      19.91msmiddleware::checkdate:30receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 153366
      • 1. 0
      Backtrace
      • 19. middleware::checkdate:30
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/jetstream/src/Http/Middleware/ShareInertiaData.php:61
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
    • select * from `nova_menu_menus` where `slug` = 'header' limit 1
      930μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. header
      Backtrace
      • 15. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` = 1 and `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` is not null and `parent_id` is null order by `parent_id` asc, `order` asc, `name` asc
      820μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 1
      Backtrace
      • 19. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 20. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`parent_id` in (1) order by `order` asc
      720μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Backtrace
      • 24. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 25. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select `id`, `post_title`, `slug` from `posts` where `status` = 'publish' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 10
      4.26s/app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. publish
      Backtrace
      • 14. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22
      • 15. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:12
      • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177
    • select * from `fake_users` where `fake_users`.`id` = 42254 limit 1
      1.32msview::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 42254
      Backtrace
      • 21. view::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:108
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 25. /vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
      • 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:61
    App\Models\FakeUser
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\MenuItem
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\Menu
    1
    App\Models\JsonPostContent
    1
    App\Models\Post
    11
        _token
        TZ5xC9t8mRLy3MbB6jIBVZe4gROVI5yvo5GD4wHV
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/are-polynomials-closed-under-addition" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /are-polynomials-closed-under-addition
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:25 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "_pk_id.64.7c30=18df5a1b4d4f6390.1750462199.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkFIekxaUDJkN0xLenNXQmhuWlJVRFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZzdGQzBOdUVaeHM3WmtCSlgvVkkxWEZIalUvdzJXaElDdHpraEVNYVNDWEw1bW96SXMxeUkyWUlvbEtYbGx5bDV3dXRyMEQrRk0zWk9VYlovV1d6TjlmOGQwbFpqRzlDS0lKZk5ueVM3SUxaS3IyZlVmYmR6REY3MUJUWUx6VFciLCJtYWMiOiI5M2EyNGNjNmQzMDMzMWMzOTE1ZTQ5MmI4OGVhMDgxYjkwYmY1NjJhNTVkNjBhY2E0YmVlNjc3NDcxODEyNjY5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IjhwczhWdkxVdjFWR0dydk1waXhCd0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVE16RUdNaWRSWDVSaDd3NEwrUzVwakZmMmhLNVJ4emx0NjJPNGo2NzN3YndWRTQrajNneHBzK3VvUG1aa3dWQjh1aW9CbXkyVTNrQUZIeHlGelh6YWVaNFF4SGJ2WGdhM1ZtVDlIanpoWlQ4ZDdQNzVXZUFHc1NBa2VIZVI3L0oiLCJtYWMiOiJhOTkzMjJjZTc2MTYwODg3M2Q0ODc4OGMwZTQ5MzkzMmJmNjVmMDFmZDc0YmVjYTgxZmQ2ZWIyMjM5N2U5MGNjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D_pk_id.64.7c30=18df5a1b4d4f6390.1750462199.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkFIekxaUDJkN0xLenNXQmhuWlJVRFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZzdGQzBOdUVaeHM3WmtCSlgvVkkxW" ] "cf-ipcountry" => array:1 [ 0 => "US" ] "cf-connecting-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.212" ] "cdn-loop" => array:1 [ 0 => "cloudflare; loops=1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, br" ] "cf-ray" => array:1 [ 0 => "952f0d5e1ce610ab-ORD" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "cf-visitor" => array:1 [ 0 => "{"scheme":"https"}" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "close" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.212, 172.69.59.78" ] "x-server-addr" => array:1 [ 0 => "154.12.239.204" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "receivinghelpdesk.com" ] ]
        request_server
        0 of 0
        array:56 [ "USER" => "runcloud" "HOME" => "/home/runcloud" "SCRIPT_NAME" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_URI" => "/ask/are-polynomials-closed-under-addition" "QUERY_STRING" => "" "REQUEST_METHOD" => "GET" "SERVER_PROTOCOL" => "HTTP/1.0" "GATEWAY_INTERFACE" => "CGI/1.1" "REDIRECT_URL" => "/ask/are-polynomials-closed-under-addition" "REMOTE_PORT" => "54470" "SCRIPT_FILENAME" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/ask/index.php" "SERVER_ADMIN" => "you@example.com" "CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "CONTEXT_PREFIX" => "" "REQUEST_SCHEME" => "http" "DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "REMOTE_ADDR" => "172.69.59.78" "SERVER_PORT" => "80" "SERVER_ADDR" => "127.0.0.1" "SERVER_NAME" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "SERVER_SOFTWARE" => "Apache/2.4.63 (Unix) OpenSSL/1.1.1f" "SERVER_SIGNATURE" => "" "LD_LIBRARY_PATH" => "/RunCloud/Packages/apache2-rc/lib" "PATH" => "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" "HTTP_COOKIE" => "_pk_id.64.7c30=18df5a1b4d4f6390.1750462199.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkFIekxaUDJkN0xLenNXQmhuWlJVRFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZzdGQzBOdUVaeHM3WmtCSlgvVkkxWEZIalUvdzJXaElDdHpraEVNYVNDWEw1bW96SXMxeUkyWUlvbEtYbGx5bDV3dXRyMEQrRk0zWk9VYlovV1d6TjlmOGQwbFpqRzlDS0lKZk5ueVM3SUxaS3IyZlVmYmR6REY3MUJUWUx6VFciLCJtYWMiOiI5M2EyNGNjNmQzMDMzMWMzOTE1ZTQ5MmI4OGVhMDgxYjkwYmY1NjJhNTVkNjBhY2E0YmVlNjc3NDcxODEyNjY5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IjhwczhWdkxVdjFWR0dydk1waXhCd0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVE16RUdNaWRSWDVSaDd3NEwrUzVwakZmMmhLNVJ4emx0NjJPNGo2NzN3YndWRTQrajNneHBzK3VvUG1aa3dWQjh1aW9CbXkyVTNrQUZIeHlGelh6YWVaNFF4SGJ2WGdhM1ZtVDlIanpoWlQ4ZDdQNzVXZUFHc1NBa2VIZVI3L0oiLCJtYWMiOiJhOTkzMjJjZTc2MTYwODg3M2Q0ODc4OGMwZTQ5MzkzMmJmNjVmMDFmZDc0YmVjYTgxZmQ2ZWIyMjM5N2U5MGNjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D_pk_id.64.7c30=18df5a1b4d4f6390.1750462199.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkFIekxaUDJkN0xLenNXQmhuWlJVRFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZzdGQzBOdUVaeHM3WmtCSlgvVkkxW" "HTTP_CF_IPCOUNTRY" => "US" "HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP" => "216.73.216.212" "HTTP_CDN_LOOP" => "cloudflare; loops=1" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_MODE" => "navigate" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_SITE" => "none" "HTTP_ACCEPT" => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" "HTTP_USER_AGENT" => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" "HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS" => "1" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_PLATFORM" => ""Windows"" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_MOBILE" => "?0" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA" => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" "HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL" => "no-cache" "HTTP_PRAGMA" => "no-cache" "HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING" => "gzip, br" "HTTP_CF_RAY" => "952f0d5e1ce610ab-ORD" "HTTP_PRIORITY" => "u=0, i" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_DEST" => "document" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_USER" => "?1" "HTTP_CF_VISITOR" => "{"scheme":"https"}" "HTTP_CONNECTION" => "close" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO" => "https" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR" => "216.73.216.212, 172.69.59.78" "HTTP_X_SERVER_ADDR" => "154.12.239.204" "HTTP_HOST" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "HTTPS" => "on" "REDIRECT_STATUS" => "200" "REDIRECT_HTTPS" => "on" "FCGI_ROLE" => "RESPONDER" "PHP_SELF" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT" => 1750462207.7145 "REQUEST_TIME" => 1750462207 ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "_pk_id_64_7c30" => null "_pk_ses_64_7c30" => null "XSRF-TOKEN" => "TZ5xC9t8mRLy3MbB6jIBVZe4gROVI5yvo5GD4wHV" "askhelpdesk_session" => "oXjJPX9NOraSuTTSeG71pjoJc9bcQh8fpR2gmw4j" ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:7 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "private, must-revalidate" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Fri, 20 Jun 2025 23:30:07 GMT" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "expires" => array:1 [ 0 => -1 ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjgvQjEvSUViK3JKZUkxRklZcloyMmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMFlKVkhSMno3LzRiWGZmL1RNY2dVeUQyUlZsVUdWVHBvVDNOeDd6UUtCV0JDZER0VU0zV250WkYzeHRKTGFZMVNWbmQrTHpCSVVWcG5KRWpMTitpYTlDakdoK3ZCRE1kWXVxTDBTSUVkZXRqdThXbkV5K3kzRnAyUENaYUJBVFEiLCJtYWMiOiJkYjAzNGUzMDQ1NDI4ZjY2Y2FhNTQyYzAwNjc5ODBiZjRhMTVjZDZlNzg2Y2JlN2ZlMmE1MzZiMzcyNzdhYjMyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 21-Jun-2025 01:30:12 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjgvQjEvSUViK3JKZUkxRklZcloyMmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMFlKVkhSMno3LzRiWGZmL1RNY2dVeUQyUlZsVUdWVHBvVDNOeDd6UUtCV0JDZER0VU0zV250WkYzeHRKTGFZMVNWbmQrT" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6ImNiSW5oL3NrbXFTNlZ2WnBoVVBJalE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSm1IVVNPUWFOSk04cHhTK2J2S1d3OFdDaGFzRmhVcVRvK3ROSFBQL1BoQkFaT3ZMVHBmV1U5Sml4ckJ0WkxmbmwrS2xZaldrdHVjb1djczg1ODJLbklBWGFCYjlkMEt0SzcxL2ZxV3lBYUJDSXRSeXBONi9Bd0tud25KVFpORlAiLCJtYWMiOiI0YThmZDFiYjEzZDVlZTg4ZTA2NjNhZmM3YWRkODAwY2M1ZWMwNzYyZDdjNzkyMjE1OTNlNWQwMTc1NTllZjY0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 21-Jun-2025 01:30:12 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; httponly; samesite=laxaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6ImNiSW5oL3NrbXFTNlZ2WnBoVVBJalE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSm1IVVNPUWFOSk04cHhTK2J2S1d3OFdDaGFzRmhVcVRvK3ROSFBQL1BoQkFaT3ZMVHBmV1U5Sml4ckJ0Wkxm" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjgvQjEvSUViK3JKZUkxRklZcloyMmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMFlKVkhSMno3LzRiWGZmL1RNY2dVeUQyUlZsVUdWVHBvVDNOeDd6UUtCV0JDZER0VU0zV250WkYzeHRKTGFZMVNWbmQrTHpCSVVWcG5KRWpMTitpYTlDakdoK3ZCRE1kWXVxTDBTSUVkZXRqdThXbkV5K3kzRnAyUENaYUJBVFEiLCJtYWMiOiJkYjAzNGUzMDQ1NDI4ZjY2Y2FhNTQyYzAwNjc5ODBiZjRhMTVjZDZlNzg2Y2JlN2ZlMmE1MzZiMzcyNzdhYjMyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 21-Jun-2025 01:30:12 GMT; path=/XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjgvQjEvSUViK3JKZUkxRklZcloyMmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMFlKVkhSMno3LzRiWGZmL1RNY2dVeUQyUlZsVUdWVHBvVDNOeDd6UUtCV0JDZER0VU0zV250WkYzeHRKTGFZMVNWbmQrT" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6ImNiSW5oL3NrbXFTNlZ2WnBoVVBJalE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSm1IVVNPUWFOSk04cHhTK2J2S1d3OFdDaGFzRmhVcVRvK3ROSFBQL1BoQkFaT3ZMVHBmV1U5Sml4ckJ0WkxmbmwrS2xZaldrdHVjb1djczg1ODJLbklBWGFCYjlkMEt0SzcxL2ZxV3lBYUJDSXRSeXBONi9Bd0tud25KVFpORlAiLCJtYWMiOiI0YThmZDFiYjEzZDVlZTg4ZTA2NjNhZmM3YWRkODAwY2M1ZWMwNzYyZDdjNzkyMjE1OTNlNWQwMTc1NTllZjY0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 21-Jun-2025 01:30:12 GMT; path=/; httponlyaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6ImNiSW5oL3NrbXFTNlZ2WnBoVVBJalE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSm1IVVNPUWFOSk04cHhTK2J2S1d3OFdDaGFzRmhVcVRvK3ROSFBQL1BoQkFaT3ZMVHBmV1U5Sml4ckJ0Wkxm" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "_token" => "TZ5xC9t8mRLy3MbB6jIBVZe4gROVI5yvo5GD4wHV" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/are-polynomials-closed-under-addition" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]